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The article presents information on a study related to a crucial test of extra-species suggestibility in chimpanzee. The experiment was divided into two parts. The one, preliminary and without suggestion; the other, with suggestion. On four successive days, just before the regular noon feeding, a strip of filter paper was offered to each subject through the wire netting of its cage. This portion of the experiment was preparatory to measurement of degree of suggestibility. After the first day of preliminary work responsiveness to the paper diminished rapidly, as indicated alike by verbal descriptions of behavior and by numerical ratings, the totals for which ranged from 36 on the first day to 20 on the fourth.

The article presents information on a classroom activity which can be used by elementary school teachers to teach the process of vulcanism to students. A student-created volcano can serve the purpose. With the help of plaster of Paris and sundry materials, the simulation of an erupting volcano can be created in the classroom. Take a base of plywood, about 1.5 feet square. Then prepare four strips of wood, each about 1.5 inches in diameter and a foot or so long. Tie the strips to the base, so that an opening is left at the top and a small can may be mounted to serve as the "crater." The shape of a volcano is complete as wire screening is clipped to the frame, and as plaster of Paris is applied to the wire mesh. The lava channels can be made through tooling. Finally, paint the base in either green, grey or black. The compound to be taken as fuel should be carefully selected. The substance placed in the crater should give the effect of a volcano. One of the best compounds is ammonium dichromate which can be ignited by magnesium ribbon. Ammonium dichromate is toxic and harmful which can cause a rash or external ulcers if care is not taken. When this chemical is burnt, it gives off a large volume of harmless green powder called chromium oxide.

During a treatment that lasted approximately 100 days beginning at fledging time, four groups of pigeons were kept for ten 3-day periods in an aviary of wire-netting located in Arnino. Here they could acquire a visual experience of the landmarks and leave for exercise flights. During these 3-day sojourns, the birds wore masks which prevented or limited their breathing through the nostrils. For the remaining time the pigeons were unmasked and closed in four cages outdoors that prevented them from seeing the country-side. The cages were of two types, ones with walls of horizontal strips that allowed the flow of air (pervious cages) and ones with vertical walls impervious to air currents (impervious cages). The four groups were kept under different conditions: 1) RP-birds were kept in a pervious cage in Arnino; 2) RI-birds, in an impervious cage in Arnino; 3) CP-birds, in a pervious cage in Miemo, 42 km SW of Arnino; 4) CI-birds, in an impervious cage in Miemo. The results of the test releases, carried out in a location 24.5 km SW of Arnino and 17.8 km NE of Miemo were the following: 1) The RP-birds were home oriented, all returning to Arnino; 2) the RI-birds were erroneously oriented towards SW, 20 out of 24 returning to Arnino but more slowly than the RP-birds with 4 lost; 3) the CP-birds were oriented towards the site of the cage (Miemo), 4 returning to Arnino, 5 to Miemo with 8 lost; 4) the CI-birds are oriented at random, 5 returning to Arnino with 8 lost. The results indicate that the initial orientation is correct only in pigeons which have been exposed to winds with their nostrils free. They can return to their cage even if they have no visual experience of the surroundings. However, return to a location where the pigeons had visual experience but no olfactory experience is also possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The apomorphine-induced aggression response of isolated rats was examined. The development of aggressive behaviour in adult rats was enhanced after isolation in cages with wire-netting and especially in cages isolated in opacified Makrolon boxes compared with aggregated rats. Young rats kept isolated for 2 months immediately after weaning showed an enhancement only if isolated in wire-netting cages. Rats kept in groups for one month after their isolation still showed an enhancement of aggression, although it was somewhat reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggressive behaviour of the fishes Pomacentrus lividus Bl. Schn. and Acanthurus sohal Forskal from the Red Sea is briefly described, and its effect on intensity of algal grazing by herbivorous fish is demonstrated by settlement experiments. Green filamentous alga settles and grows at shallow depths over large areas of coral reefs, but is cropped by fishes to such an extent that it forms only a thin patchy matting on dead corals. Within pomacentrid territories, the alga forms a thicker matting on loosely cemented coralline rubble. Optimum depth range for growth occurs at less than 20 m. Rich growths of green filamentous alga, such as those which occur within pomacentrid territories or on settlement plates protected by wire netting cages, inhibit settlement of 'lithothamnion' and invertebrates. While rasping and grazing fish feeders such as parrot fish and surgeon fish limit the distribution of certain invertebrates such as spirorbids, in shallow water it is also true that, were it not for such active removal of green filamentous alga, 'lithothamnion' and many invertebrates would find ewer surfaces suitable for settlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of experiments on mice trapping in a field on horticultural holding in Devon, England from October 1950-January 1951. Anemones grown for cut flowers in Devon and Cornwall sometimes suffer severe damage by mice, which take the flower-buds by cutting through the stem just above the involucral leaves or in the early part of the season, by cutting through the bend of the flower-stem. The animals caught were the Wood Mouse, the Short Tailed Vole, the Bank Vole, the Common Shrew, the Pigmy Shrew, and the Water Shrew. At present the only adequate measure of control appears to be the use of wire netting. If the netting is put up well and the lengths are joined carefully, it proves very successful and with care will last for a good many years.

The article presents an analysis on the effects of excluding rabbits from grasslands in Breckland areas in Norfolk, England from 1936 to 1960. It investigates the entrance of new species across the region following the exclusion of rabbits. It examines the numbers of spring rainfall, cyclic change and competition between species. For the 24-year period, the ungrazed pasture resulted to an increase number of species and the floristic affinities of grassland with the Xerobrometum communities. It states that the populations of other species are not directly affected by grazing.

The article discusses the experiments made on the ecology of the vegetation of the Breckland heaths. The great influence of rabbits were thought to be the factor affecting the poorness on the vegetation of the Breckland heaths. It was expected that when all the rabbits were removed from an area the associated vegetation would quickly become much more abundant. However, proved not to be the case during the first year of the experiment the vegetative portions of the plants inside the large rabbit-proof quadrant was little more abundant than those of the plants on the exposed grass heath. It appears that the rabbit attack tends to control the abundant of the vegetation to a certain level.