26 results
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2. UNIVERSITY AS ORGANIZATIONS: A RESEARCH APPROACH.
- Author
-
Gross, Edward
- Subjects
UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,UNIVERSITY faculty ,ACADEMIC freedom ,FREEDOM of information ,INTELLECTUAL freedom - Abstract
This paper provides a test of the usefulness of a formal organizational model in studying the structure of universities. Nondenominational universities in the United States were researched by sending mail questionnaires to administrators and faculty members. The findings reported here concern goals, their relation to the power structure, and to other characteristics of universities. There is consensus on the pan of administration and faculty on what the goals are and on what they should be. According to both faculty and administration, the highest goal is and should be protecting the faculty's right to academic freedom. Most of the top goals are support goals rather than output goals, and only one of them involves students. In contrast, three of the four bottom goals refer to students. Protecting academic freedom is more emphasized as a goal in private than in state universities. In the former, the goals revolve around student-expressive matters, but the latter are snore likely to emphasize preparing students for useful careers, assisting citizens through extension, and doing applied research. Student expressive goats are also related positively to the prestige of the institution, whereas emphasis on student instrumental goals and under-graduate instruction are related negatively to prestige. The biggest difference in goal structures arises where legislatures and state governments are perceived as having greater power, relative to administrators and faculty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A Note on Selective Perception in Organizations.
- Author
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Anderson, Bo and Hammond, Phillip
- Subjects
SOCIOLOGICAL research ,SENSORY perception ,ACADEMIC freedom ,COLLEGE teachers ,TEACHER attitudes - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to show how selective perception operates in organizational settings to make members perceive the behavior of other members differently. The data come from a study directed by researchers P.F. Lazarsfeld and Wagner Thielens of how college teachers in the United States reacted to threats posed to academic freedom during the McCarthy investigations in the early 1950's. More than 2,400 social science teachers from 165 colleges were interviewed. They were asked questions dealing with attitudes toward academic freedom for teachers and students, awareness of specific incidents involving threats to academic freedom, apprehension and fear resulting from such incidents, beliefs about reactions of other teachers to the same events. There exists a considerable literature on experiments designed to test the validity of ideas in the functional approach to perception. Some attempts have been made to state systematic theoretical formulations which try to account for the empirical findings. Expectations, needs and emotional states sometimes make perception selective. People who live in the same milieu or are otherwise exposed to identical stimuli, but who differ with respect to their expectations, needs and emotions will perceive attributes of people or other objects present in the milieu differently. One way in which these factors make perception selective is by increasing people's sensitivity to cues indicating the presence of objects or behaviors relevant to the state of motivation or the attitude.
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Opinion Formation in a Crisis Situation.
- Author
-
Lipset, S. M.
- Subjects
PUBLIC opinion ,POLITICAL psychology ,STUDENT attitudes ,ACADEMIC freedom - Abstract
This study indicates that public opinion formation tends in large part to be a product of the activation of previous experiences and attitudes. The controversy at the University of California, in Berkeley, California, over the requirement that all faculty members sign an oath affirming that they were not members of the communist party created an opportunity to study the opinion forming process in a comparatively closed environment. University students reacted to a crisis situation largely according to their group affiliations and other background characteristics. Students operating within the intellectual atmosphere of the university may react in more rational ways than the general population. Student members of underprivileged groups may be more inclined to make rational identifications between their own group and other groups under attack, an identification, which underprivileged groups outside the campus may not make. Attitudes toward academic freedom are related to the same variables, which influence attitude formation in other areas of life.
- Published
- 1953
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. INTERVIEWERS, ELITES, AND ACADEMIC FREEDOM.
- Author
-
Riesman, David
- Subjects
SOCIAL scientists ,ACADEMIC freedom ,INTERVIEWING ,SOCIAL science methodology ,SOCIAL groups ,COLLEGE teachers - Abstract
This paper examines the reactions of academic social scientists towards being interviewed about issues clustering around their academic freedom and their fears for its invasion, issues which concern many of them directly. Sociologists have, in fact, increasingly come close to home as, gaining status and self-confidence, they have no longer confined their researches to marginal or captive groups about whom some elite wanted information--such groups as workers, soldiers, prisoners, immigrants, patients, and students. They have begun to interview big businessmen, legislators, high military officers, doctors and lawyers, and at long last, even each other. At leading institutions where respondents had been irritated, they often assumed in an almost ethnocentric way that other professors elsewhere would be equally irritated. But it did not take long to discover that not all professors teaching in the social sciences at American colleges consider themselves members of an elite or anything like it.
- Published
- 1958
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Bandwagon.
- Subjects
POLITICAL development ,ACADEMIC freedom ,FREEDOM of information ,WAR ,NEWSPAPERS - Abstract
The article focuses on various socio-political developments related to the U.S. U.S. junior-class delegate Stan Feinstein's motion to have LIU award a plaque to the man or woman in the U.S. who has done most to aid academic freedom was voted down after a spirited discussion. In another development, when the intrinsic impact of a great deal of daily war news is no longer available, Roy Roberts, editor of the Kansas City (Mo.) Star, remarked, "The literary quality of newspaper writing must of necessity be higher."
- Published
- 1953
7. Is Freedom Academic?
- Author
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Joughin, Louis
- Subjects
ACADEMIC freedom ,FREEDOM of information ,INTELLECTUAL freedom ,UNIVERSITY autonomy ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
A very short account of academic freedom and a glance toward its future requires one mainly to examine pertinent forces at work in society and ensuing general results. The history of American colleges and universities for the background period, 1636 to 1865, yields many instructive episodes throwing light on the immemorial conflict between liberal and repressive forces. However, one seldom discovers a distinct academic freedom issue clearly defined; if an educational institution does well in terms of liberty, its good fortune is likely to be incidental to the happy resolution of some political or religious problem.
- Published
- 1965
8. Communists and the Right to Teach.
- Author
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Childs, John L.
- Subjects
COMMUNIST parties ,TENURE of teachers ,UNIVERSITY faculty ,ACADEMIC freedom ,UNITED States education system - Abstract
Should persons who are known to be members of the Communist Party be permitted to teach in the educational institutions of the U.S.? This thorny question, involving the fundamentals of American life and education, has been raised in the University of Washington, where after a hearing before the Faculty Committee of Tenure and Academic Freedom; and upon recommendation of President Raymond B. Allen, the Board of Regents has dismissed three professors for relations with the Communist Party and put three others on probation for a period of two years. The National Commission on Educational Reconstruction of the American Federation of Teachers, recognizes the right and the obligation of the U.S. government at this time to take due, step to assure itself of the loyalty of those engaged in public service; including education.
- Published
- 1949
9. CENSORSHIP ON THE CAMPUS.
- Subjects
ACADEMIC freedom ,UNITED States education system ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,POLITICAL doctrines ,FREEDOM of information ,SOCIAL problems ,COLLEGE teachers ,STUDENTS - Abstract
The article reports on the emergence of censorship on the campus in the U.S. Raymond E. Calahan, on academic freedom is, the freedom of teachers and students to seek after knowledge for establishing truth as stated in the book "An Introduction to Education in American Society." The freedom has been restricted for various reasons and usually well-intentioned. Censorship is a weapon of the totalitarian state, such as the fascist, communist or police state has no part in a free society and in a democracy. The students and teachers are likewise encouraged to ask into and challenge all the manners and means of life, so with the basic tenets of democracy, liberty and freedom and the teachers must be free to teach the truth as they see the truth.
- Published
- 1962
- Full Text
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10. Correspondence.
- Author
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Mather Jr., Frank Jewett and Alden, Raymond MacDonald
- Subjects
LETTERS to the editor ,ACADEMIC freedom ,ART museums - Abstract
Presents several letters to the editor in response to various articles published in different issues of the journal "The Nation." Comment on an article related to academic freedom in the United States; Discussion on the Boston art museum.
- Published
- 1907
11. Academic Freedom.
- Author
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Cowper, Henry W.
- Subjects
ACADEMIC freedom ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,COLLEGE teachers ,EDUCATION ,LEARNING ,FREEDOM of information - Abstract
Presents information on the academic freedom in the U.S. and England. Fact that academic freedom is an affair of academic environment and academic personnel; Comparison of academic freedom in England and the U.S.; Information on the advantages of the university environment in England; Recognition of the role and the rights of a professor; View that professors are usually chosen by members of their craft in both the countries; Opinion that in the U.S. instruction in economics is freer from capitalistic apologetics than in England; Discussion of the question that whether in England or in the U.S. there is the larger measure of freedom; Description of the faults of the American institutions; Statement that neither has created a university environment which places a very high value upon the disinterested pursuit of learning nor has either discovered how the homo academics can be made to breed a successor intellectually more worthy.
- Published
- 1923
12. High Noon at Catholic U.
- Author
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Urofsky, Melvin I.
- Subjects
ACADEMIC freedom ,INVESTIGATIONS ,HIGHER education - Abstract
The American Association of University Professors has quietly begun an investigation of academic freedom at the Catholic University of America in Washington. The question at issue is whether academic freedom is any the less violated when attempts to restrict it come from one's fellow academics rather than from school administrators. Catholic University in Washington is a key unit of American Catholic higher education, in that it provides most of the teachers and administrators for other parochial colleges.
- Published
- 1967
13. What College Might Be.
- Author
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Davies, Louise
- Subjects
UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,HIGHER education ,SCHOLARLY method ,ACADEMIC freedom ,LEADERSHIP - Abstract
Discusses the selection of learning institution to earn a college education in the U.S. Hope of real learning and scholarship based on the fearless combination of good college and honest students; Individual responsibility in intelligence and character; Questions about the presence of freedom in colleges; Impossibility of a student-controlled college in the country; Choice of students for the promise of leadership.
- Published
- 1929
14. Cultural Freedom and Release of Creativity.
- Author
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Melby, Ernest O.
- Subjects
CREATIVE ability ,ABILITY ,ACADEMIC freedom ,INTELLECTUAL freedom ,SOCIAL history ,SOCIOLOGY - Abstract
The American citizen with a firm commitment to traditional concepts of freedom finds himself currently in a difficult position. If he has any degree of awareness of the meaning of the U.S. tradition he will see frequent violations on every hand. This article deals with the effect of current trends on creativeness and cultural freedom. Freedom lives only as it is dynamic. The faculty member or citizen who expresses himself forthrightly today is more likely to do so tomorrow than if he had today remained silent. An important step then in academic intellectual circles is to overcome fears and to lead.
- Published
- 1953
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Trends in Public Opinion on Civil Liberties.
- Author
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Hyman, Herbert H. and Sheatsley, Paul B.
- Subjects
ACADEMIC freedom ,CIVIL rights ,INTELLECTUAL freedom ,HUMAN rights ,PUBLIC opinion ,POLITICAL psychology ,SOCIAL psychology - Abstract
This article presents information on the views of the general public with respect to the specific issue of academic freedom and the related issue of civil liberties in the U.S. It considers whatever evidence is available on the general public's views and on any changes which may have occurred in those views in the recent past.
- Published
- 1953
- Full Text
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16. Student Opinion on Issues of Academic Freedom.
- Author
-
Stember, Herbert
- Subjects
ACADEMIC freedom ,INTELLECTUAL freedom ,SURVEYS ,PUBLIC opinion polls ,STUDENTS ,EDUCATION policy ,UNITED States governmental investigations ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
This article presents information on the survey undertaken by the Columbia University Council, which seeks to determine the attitude of students toward U.S. Congressional investigation of college faculties and related issues. One limitation of the Columbia study was the omission of background material from the questionnaire. The results of the student poll, as a whole, indicate strong support for academic freedom on the Columbia campus and an emphatic rejection of Congressional investigations into the nation's colleges.
- Published
- 1953
- Full Text
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17. FAIR PLAY, THE FIFTH AMENDMENT, AND THE TEACHER OF SPEECH.
- Author
-
Dell, George W.
- Subjects
ACADEMIC freedom ,SPEECH education - Abstract
Deals with the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Bill or Rights and its association to academic freedom. Provisions of the Fifth Amendment; Significance of the Fifth Amendment to the teacher of speech; Recommendations.
- Published
- 1960
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. ACADEMIC FREEDOM IN THE UNITED STATES.
- Author
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Meyer, Richard J.
- Subjects
ACADEMIC freedom ,INTELLECTUAL freedom ,UNIVERSITY autonomy ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,SCHOLARS - Abstract
The article focuses on the academic freedom in the U.S. Academic freedom is an acquisition of relatively recent date. Medieval academicians thought of themselves as members of a great fellowship whose lives were dedicated to the search for truth. As the great European universities became more endowed and committed to permanent libraries, instead of just being collections of mobile scholars, they became timid and immobile. After the Reformation a concept developed which held that academic freedom and relative freedom are based upon the freedom of conscience. The American Colonial Colleges were influenced in their formation by the universities of England, especially by Cambridge University. In the early national period, the founding and managing of these colleges remained in the hands of the churches. The sectarian nature of the American colleges ushered in the concept of lay government in the respective institutions. The American colleges were dependent on the lay community for funds. The quest for funds forced many colleges to become non-sectarian.
- Published
- 1967
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Academic Freedom -- A Confession.
- Subjects
ACADEMIC freedom ,FREEDOM of information ,LIBERTY ,TOLERATION ,RADICALISM ,POLITICAL science - Abstract
Focuses on academic freedom in the United States. Habit of academic conservatism; Solution to the problem of trusts, tariff, labor and socialism; Appraisal of the whole range of social institutions from the matriarchate to monogamy; Existence of scholasticism; Formation of teaching matter and method; Growth of the dimensions of socialism; Admission of the portals of the commonwealth; Fear of radicalism; Boards governing American public and private colleges.
- Published
- 1915
20. Freedom to Teach.
- Author
-
Boas, Franz
- Subjects
ACADEMIC freedom ,COLLEGE teachers ,UNIVERSITY faculty ,TRUSTS & trustees ,POLITICAL sociology ,FREEDOM of information ,COLLEGE teaching - Abstract
Owing to repeated conflicts between trustees and faculties of universities, one has heard much about the need of academic freedom in the sense that teaching and research should be free of outside interference, arid that the personal freedom of members of the faculties should not be restricted by -boards of trustees. There are other aspects of the subject, however, which have not received much attention and which are vital for a healthy development of university life. Boards of trustees are not the only potential enemies of the freedom of the teacher. The faculties themselves are so constituted that the academic teachers are apt to consider themselves a privileged class in whose hands the development of university teaching and the advance of science rests. The U.S. universities ought to take the necessary steps to give up their isolation and grant to other educational and scientific agencies a voice in the control of their affairs.
- Published
- 1919
21. CORRESPONDENCE.
- Author
-
Ginzburg, Benjamin
- Subjects
LETTERS to the editor ,COMMUNISM & science ,COMMUNISM ,ACADEMIC freedom ,INTELLECTUALS ,CONFERENCES & conventions - Abstract
Presents several letters to the editor referencing the articles published in previous issues of the periodical. "Science Under Communism," published in the January 6 issue; Clarification regarding intellectual freedom realized in the Soviet Union; Information about postponement of the Caribbean Conference; Criticism of the articles, published in the February 24 issue and the March 2 issue, for providing false information regarding Communism in the U.S.; Clarification made by the author of these articles on criticism of his articles.
- Published
- 1932
22. On Academic Freedom.
- Author
-
Krutch, Joseph Wood
- Subjects
ACADEMIC freedom ,CIVIL rights ,HUMAN rights ,LEGAL status of minorities ,MINORITIES - Abstract
The question of academic freedom is only a special case of the question of free speech which is, in turn, only a special case of the general question of civil rights. And the liberal turned radical has, of course, taken up a new position in regard to this final question. He no longer holds, as he once did, that the right of free speech, along with the other civil liberties, is both an end in itself and a necessary condition for any continuing health in society. He may insist for the present upon his theoretical right to the civil liberties established by democracy, but that is merely because he is still a member of a minority and knows that only by claiming minority rights can he hope to be allowed to continue his various activities.
- Published
- 1935
23. The Decline of Partisanship.
- Author
-
Buckley Jr., W. M. F.
- Subjects
STUDENT political activity ,PARTISANSHIP ,POLITICAL systems ,STUDENT attitudes ,DEMOCRACY ,ACADEMIC freedom ,PRACTICAL politics ,POLITICAL doctrines - Abstract
Focuses on issues concerning the decline of partisanship and student's indifferent attitude towards politics in the United States. Blame on the political system for such uninterested views of student; Lack of conviction as a possible phenomena for the lack of partisanship; Need for the change of students' attitude towards politics; Issues related to democracy and academic freedom and their implications on politics; View that democracy and academic freedom are merely instruments to induce a harmonious society and advance knowledge.
- Published
- 1959
24. Phony Teachers' Guild.
- Subjects
FRAUD ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,ACADEMIC freedom ,UNFAIR labor practices - Abstract
Criticizes the fraud practices of the American Association of University Professionals toward academic freedom in the U.S. Failure of the association to protect teachers against unfair practices; Background on the association; Presumption when a dispute arises between the association and a university.
- Published
- 1958
25. Bandwagon.
- Subjects
AMERICAN newspapers ,MARRIAGE ,ACADEMIC freedom ,PRESIDENTIAL yachts - Abstract
The article presents excerpts from items published in American newspapers and other media in 1953, the content of each intended to ironic or humorous. The head of the Du Pont Corporation likens his marriage to a business practice, a regent of the University of Nebraska voices support for academic freedom and a steward on the presidential yacht undergoes a name change.
- Published
- 1953
26. The Yellow (Journalist) Peril.
- Subjects
ACADEMIC freedom ,MASS media ,COMMUNISM ,EDUCATORS ,EDITORS ,JOURNALISM conferences ,POLITICAL participation - Abstract
`Comments on the diatribe made by newspaper owner William Randolph Hearst against academic freedom in the U.S. Citation of associating academics with communism; Concern over the extent of Heart's influence in mass media; Creation of a movement among educators and college editors to protest against Hearst's accusations; Question on the morals of college editors who joined a journalism conference sponsored by Hearst.
- Published
- 1935
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