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The problem is that of estimating the quantitative and qualitative character of the audience reading any given group of magazines. The tool for attacking this problem is factor analysis. Long used by psychologists and economists, this technique is well suited for a comprehensive approach to many marketing problems. The pairwise audience overlap for fifty-three magazines is analyzed for a nationwide sample of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A family life cycle typology for females between ages 15 and 50 is developed to provide a measure of family change and diversity. The typology describes five possible life cycle courses: "early death," "spinster," "childless," "broken marriage--with children," and "preferred." Then the distribution of white and nonwhite females in birth cohorts from 1890-94 through 1930-34 according to type of life cycle experienced are calculated.The trend over this 40-year period and differences between white and nonwhite family structure are discussed on the basis of these calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section presents news briefs on sociological associations' activities related to minorities and women in the U.S. as of June 1972. The La Junta de Sociólogos Chicanos under the chairmanship of Jaime Sena Rivera at the University of California, Riverside, has developed several concerns. Data on women from two American Sociological Association questionnaires to graduate departments are now being processed. Edgar Epps, a black sociologist holding the Marshall Field IV chair of urban education at the University of Chicago, had a scheduled debate on racial intelligence with William Shockley stopped by students. The Social Science Research Council has announced a grant-program for scholars from minority research groups to do research on the relations between racism or other social factors and mental health or related topics. The Russell Sage Foundation solicits research proposals from practicing social scientists from black and other minority groups.

The purpose of the present communication is to generalize a model of Brass's (1958), relating to the Probability distribution of births to mothers with completed fertility. A simple method of estimating the parameters of the model, based on successive iterations, has been dealt with. Finally, the improvement obtained by generalizing the Brass model has been tested by fitting the same to the maternity data of 5190 women in the United States in the age sector 45-49. An alternative variant of the model for quick computation of probabilities for higher order of births has been included. The application of the model for obtaining a refined index of fecundability and sterility has also been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The divorce rate per thousand married women under 45 years of age in the United States increased by two-thirds between the mid-1950's and 1970. During the same period, the remarriage rate per thousand divorced or widowed women under 55 years of age rose about one-third. By contrast, first marriages per thousand single women under 45 years of age declined by one-tenth since the mid-1950's. These changes reinforce the general impression that a fundamental modification of life styles and values relating to marriage has been taking place. An analysis of nation-wide data on birth cohorts from 1900 to 1954 demonstrates that early marriage has declined since the mid-1950's but leaves open the question as to whether lifelong singleness is becoming more prevalent. The cohort study shows that the upward trend in divorce is not "phasing out" yet, as it did after World War II. An estimated 25 to 29 percent of all women near 30 years old now have ended or will end their first marriage in divorce. About four-fifths of these divorced women have remarried or probably will do so. Of all women around 30 years old now, some five to ten percent may he expected to experience divorce at least twice during their lifetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article attempts to reveal the activities of those women's clubs in the United States that directly influenced home and family. Also, it presents information on the history of Women's Club movement in the United States. The one powerful agency through which a woman has been able to express her individuality is through the woman's club movement. It came into existence in U.S. at the same time as the growth of the idea of individual freedom. However, it was only in the 19th century that the woman's club movement was a recognized force. One of the pioneer clubs now in existence is the Sorosis Club of New York City, founded in 1868. It had an interesting beginning as a sort of indignation meeting. The woman's club was not an echo, but it was not the mere banding together for social and economic purposes like the clubs of men. It became at once, without deliberate intention or concerted action a light-giving and seed-sowing center of purely altruistic and democratic activity. From a survey of the purposes of all organizations in the state, it seems that the following are most actively engaged in discussing and improving conditions of home life: The North Carolina Federation of Women's Clubs, the North Carolina Parent-Teacher Association, the Home Demonstration Division, etc.

The article tracks the changes in the marrying age of men and women and their educational attainment in the United States between 1890 and 1951. The data published in the article suggests that the decline since 1940 has been as great as that occurring during the preceding 50 years. Various indices of socio-economic status are used in sociological and demographic investigations Choice of educational attainment as the criterion for this study was determined by the availability of requisite data. Non-white population has not been included in the calculations because of their relatively small number. Analyzing the result, it finds that highest ages at marriage, for both 1940 and 1950, occur in the extreme educational groups -- persons with no school years completed and those with four or more years of college. The historical tendency of women to marry earlier in life than men is also evident in the data by educational attainment. It also indicates that the greatest decreases in mean age at marriage by educational attainment-- two or more years--were experienced by both males and females completing high school and college.

It has frequently been assumed that American women tend to marry men whose socio-economic origins are higher than their own. One rationale for this assumption is the notion that the woman's romantic orientation is more adaptive and directive than that of the man. A review of the evidence reveals that the assumption has not been adequately tested, however. The present study approached the question by applying several statistical techniques to large-sample data on husbands' and wives' fathers' occupations. No overall tendency for American women to marry up was found. If only the two highest occupational categories are considered, however, women apparently do tend to marry up. In addition, farmers' daughters are more likely than farmers' sons to marry the children of white-collar workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article sets forth some of the differences between the social and economic characteristics of persons in the United States who are in their first marriages and of those who have remarried. Among married women in 1940, Negroes had about twice as large a proportion remarried as native white women. The difference by color was even greater in 1910. Only about one-fourth of those who obtained a divorce in the five years prior to the survey date had not remarried during the period, according to a comparison of the survey data with statistics based on divorce records. Persons who had married for the first time during the previous two years were very much more likely to have doubled up with relatives or others than were persons who had remarried during those two years. Women married only once who had lived with their husband less than two years were only one-half as likely to have dependent children in the home as women who had remarried during that time. Nearly one-half of the married women who were in their first year of marriage were in the labor force, but the corresponding proportion was only one-fifth for those married 5 to 9 years.

The article discusses the theory of female psychology. It refers to the views of sociologist Helene Deutsch on the development of the female personality. Based on his experience, the author discusses the American women who are unable to integrate the traditional ideals of womanhood with the expanded experience and opportunities of modern woman. It is opined that many women are strongly connected with an internalized image of the "natural" role a woman. Some single women are afraid of marriage because they believe that it will adversely affect their individuality and freedom.

An Inventory designed to examine women's perception of the female role as home- and family-oriented versus the female role as outward-achieving-oriented was administered to women selected from one North American and two South American urban-industrial communities. The purpose was to determine how the women perceived themselves in these roles as opposed to how they thought the "man's ideal woman" would perceive these roles. Results indicated that both North American and South American women believed that man's ideal woman would be traditionally submissive and place home and family above outward-achieving strivings. North American women, more than South American women, felt career could be integrated with family life and were more aggressive towards outward achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the acknowledgement of the participation of women in science and their significant contribution to scientific manpower resources in the U.S. The effort of the government in attracting talented young women into the fields of scientific research and teaching. An argumentation involving the continuing increased in the rate of attrition for women. It also identifies history which suggests in the most advanced and sophisticated civilizations women who have enjoyed intellectual equality with men regardless of their economic or legal status.

This article illustrates group values in mate selection in a sample of college girls. Undergraduate women in sociology classes at the University of Wisconsin in the spring of 1941 were asked how important they considered various traits in a husband. The schedule used is illustrated in a tabular format. Numerical values were arbitrarily assigned to the columns in this schedule: zero to column (3); one to column (2); one to column (4); two to column (1); two to column (5). The arithmetic mean of each trait (e.g., Education) was found, and these means were expressed as percentages of the maximum mean of 2. On the basis of these percentages, the traits were then ranked from the most important to the least important. According to these results, the traits most desired in a prospective husband by the 259 college girls were character and intelligence. The popularity of the young man, especially with the girl's family, ranked second in importance. Then followed in order the man's physical characteristics, his religious affiliation and family, and his occupation. Of least consequence were nationality background and place of birth in the United States.

The article offers information on the 17th convention of the League of Women Voters of the United States held on May 2, 1946 in Kansas City, Texas. The delegates underlined the issue of public control of atomic energy under civilian agency to insure development in the public interest and conformity with international agreement. The wives of three atomic physicists who worked on the Manhattan project participated in the convention as delegates or national board members. The atomic control is the most noted agenda adopted by the congress.