18 results
Search Results
2. PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD OF SEPARATION OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN FOODS
- Author
-
Subramanian, S. A.
- Published
- 1966
3. PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF ANTIOXIDANTS: A SIMPLE METHOD OF IDENTIFICATION AND SEPARATION
- Author
-
Roy, B. R., Mitra, S. N., and Gupta, P. N. Sen
- Published
- 1960
4. The metabolism of 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene in the rat and in man.
- Author
-
Daniel JW, Gage JC, and Jones DI
- Subjects
- Animals, Bile analysis, Carbon Isotopes, Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Chromatography, Paper, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Cysteine urine, Feces analysis, Humans, Infrared Rays, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, Rats, Spectrum Analysis, Ultraviolet Rays, Antioxidants metabolism, Benzoates urine, Glucuronates urine, Toluene metabolism
- Abstract
1. The major metabolites of 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) in the rat are 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (BHT-acid), both free (9% of the dose) and as a glucuronide (15%), and S-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-N-acetylcysteine. 2. The mercapturic acid does not appear to derive from the usually accepted enzyme mechanism, and may involve a non-enzymic reaction between BHT free radical and cysteine. 3. The ester glucuronide and mercapturic acid found in rat urine are also the major metabolites in rat bile and must be responsible for the enterohepatic circulation. 4. Free BHT-acid is the main component in rat faeces. 5. In man, BHT-acid, free and conjugated, is a minor component in urine, and the mercapturic acid is virtually absent. The bulk of the radioactivity is excreted as the ether-insoluble glucuronide of a metabolite in which the ring methyl group and one tert.-butyl methyl group are oxidized to carboxyl groups, and a methyl group on the other tert.-butyl group is also oxidized, probably to an aldehyde group. 6. These differences in metabolism by the rat and by man are sufficient to account for the difference in excretion by the two species.
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Fluorimetric determination of butylated hydroxy anisole in food products and packaging material.
- Author
-
Hurtubise RJ and Latz HW
- Subjects
- Ethers analysis, Fluorometry, Food Preservation, Methods, Paper analysis, Antioxidants analysis, Food Additives analysis, Phenols analysis
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The fate of di-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methane (Ionox 22) in the rat.
- Author
-
Wright AS, Crowne RS, and Hathway DE
- Subjects
- Animals, Antioxidants urine, Bile analysis, Carbon Isotopes, Chemical Phenomena, Chemistry, Chromatography, Chromatography, Paper, Chromatography, Thin Layer, Feces analysis, Glucuronates, Rats, Antioxidants metabolism
- Abstract
1. A large proportion of a single oral dose of [(14)C]Ionox 220 to rats is eliminated in 24 days: 89.3-97.4% of the label is excreted in the faeces (much of this is eliminated in the first 4 days after dosage), 1% in the urine and less than 0.1% in the expired gases; 4.06% of (14)C is present in the carcass and viscera after removal of the gut, and most of this is in the fatty tissues. 2. About 87% of (14)C in the faeces is due to unchanged antioxidant, 5% to the quinone methide, 5% to the free acid and 3% to an unidentified polar constituent. Three-fifths of (14)C in the urine is due to 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and the remainder to the ester glucuronide. In three individual animals, one-half of (14)C in the bile is due to the free acid, one-quarter to the ester glucuronide and the remainder to unchanged antioxidant, whereas in another all of (14)C in the bile is due to Ionox 220. About 97% of (14)C in the body fat is due to unchanged antioxidant and the remainder to the free acid. 3. Up to 20% of a single oral dose of Ionox 220 is absorbed in rats: 13-14% is metabolized. 3,5-Di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid accounts for just over 5% of a dose of Ionox 220, 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoyl-beta-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid for less than 0.4%, the quinone methide for just over 5% and an unidentified compound for less than 3%. 4. The physiological and biochemical implications of ingesting Ionox 220 are discussed.
- Published
- 1966
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Statistical appendix to the paper: Succus liquiritiae and stomach ulcers, by J. A. E. Nelemans-Stamperius and F. A. Nelemans
- Author
-
P, VISSER
- Subjects
Paper ,Peptic Ulcer ,Glycyrrhiza ,Stomach Ulcer ,Appendix ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Antioxidants - Published
- 1950
8. The Semiquinone Radical of Tocopherol
- Author
-
Michaelis, L. and Wollman, S. H.
- Published
- 1949
9. Processing of pimento waste to provide a pigment source for poultry feed
- Author
-
George O. Kohler, A. L. Livingston, R. E. Knowles, and Richard H. Edwards
- Subjects
Antioxidant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Industrial Waste ,engineering.material ,Antioxidants ,Poultry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Drug Stability ,Polysaccharides ,Food Preservation ,medicine ,Animals ,Food-Processing Industry ,Food science ,Dehydration ,Carotenoid ,Plant Proteins ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Meal ,Plants, Medicinal ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Ethoxyquin ,Pulp (paper) ,Lutein ,Carotene ,Phosphorus ,Pigments, Biological ,medicine.disease ,Animal Feed ,Carotenoids ,Lipids ,Freeze Drying ,chemistry ,Xanthophyll ,engineering ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Calcium ,Capsicum ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Medicago sativa ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Fresh pimento pulp waste was dehydrated in a pilot Arnold dehydrator to give meals rich in the red xanthophylls, primarily capsanthin. Xanthophyll content of the dehydrated meal ranged from 896 to 1114 mg/kg. Dejuicing of the pimento pulp prior to dehydration decreased charring during drying as well as the quantity of water to be evaporated. Carotenoid losses during dehydration ranged from 17 to 22% for xanthophyll and 0 to 10% for carotene. Although the unprotected pimento carotenoids were rapidly lost during storage either alone or in admixture with dehydrated lucerne, addition of the antioxidant ethoxyquin proved to be very effective in preventing carotenoid storage losses. Levels of 1% pimento meal should be adequate in poultry diets when fed in combination with lucerne meal.
- Published
- 1974
10. The metabolism of 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene in the rat and in man
- Author
-
J. C. Gage, J.W. Daniel, and D. I. Jones
- Subjects
Male ,History ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Stereochemistry ,Chromatography, Paper ,Infrared Rays ,Ultraviolet Rays ,Metabolite ,Glucuronates ,Aldehyde ,Medicinal chemistry ,Benzoates ,Antioxidants ,Education ,Excretion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Feces ,Animals ,Bile ,Humans ,Cysteine ,Mercapturic acid ,Enterohepatic circulation ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Carbon Isotopes ,Spectrum Analysis ,Articles ,Chromatography, Ion Exchange ,Computer Science Applications ,Rats ,chemistry ,Chromatography, Thin Layer ,Glucuronide ,Methyl group ,Toluene - Abstract
1. The major metabolites of 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) in the rat are 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (BHT-acid), both free (9% of the dose) and as a glucuronide (15%), and S-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-N-acetylcysteine. 2. The mercapturic acid does not appear to derive from the usually accepted enzyme mechanism, and may involve a non-enzymic reaction between BHT free radical and cysteine. 3. The ester glucuronide and mercapturic acid found in rat urine are also the major metabolites in rat bile and must be responsible for the enterohepatic circulation. 4. Free BHT-acid is the main component in rat faeces. 5. In man, BHT-acid, free and conjugated, is a minor component in urine, and the mercapturic acid is virtually absent. The bulk of the radioactivity is excreted as the ether-insoluble glucuronide of a metabolite in which the ring methyl group and one tert.-butyl methyl group are oxidized to carboxyl groups, and a methyl group on the other tert.-butyl group is also oxidized, probably to an aldehyde group. 6. These differences in metabolism by the rat and by man are sufficient to account for the difference in excretion by the two species.
- Published
- 1968
11. Fluorimetric determination of butylated hydroxy anisole in food products and packaging material
- Author
-
R. J. Hurtubise and Howard W. Latz
- Subjects
Paper ,Chromatography ,General Chemistry ,Anisole ,Antioxidants ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Phenols ,Food products ,Food Preservation ,Methods ,Organic chemistry ,Fluorometry ,Food Additives ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Ethers - Published
- 1970
12. RESULTS OF PATCH TESTING WITH RUBBER ANTIOXIDANTS AND ACCELERATORS.
- Author
-
D., J. H. T.
- Subjects
ANTIOXIDANTS ,HYDROQUINONE ,NAPHTHYLAMINES ,CHEMICAL inhibitors ,ORGANIC compounds ,PHENOLS - Abstract
The article focuses on a paper showing results of patch testing with rubber antioxidants and accelerators. The author uses a routine series of patch tests with monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone, phenyl beta naphthylamine, mercaptobenzothiazole, tetramethylthiuram monosulphide and diphenylguanldine.
- Published
- 1958
13. Bio-Regulatory Activity and Nitrogen Function in Organic Compounds.
- Author
-
Siegel, S. M., Porto, Frances, and Frost, Patricia
- Subjects
ORGANIC compounds ,NITROGEN ,ANTIOXIDANTS ,DNA ,THYROXINE ,PLANT physiology - Abstract
1. General considerations on oxygen toxicity suggest an important role for antioxidants as protectants for the more labile cellular components, including proteins and DNA. 2. Low effective levels of protectants against experimental oxygen poisoning suggest radical chain-breaking (model: NO) or self-regenerating (model: Co
2+ -Co3+ ) properties for these compounds. 3. Consideration of the elements of common biological occurrence suggests N (and possibly S) compounds as potentially important antioxidants. It is suggested that the unshared electron pair of N(III) is of importance in the activity of organic N-compounds against oxidants or oxidizing radicals. 4. Several chemical oxidations and a variety of conditions have been used in demonstrating the antioxidant activity of IAA and a variety of indoles, hydrazines and other N-compounds. Test systems include pyrogallol - O2 , S= - H2 O2 and I- - H2 O2 , especially the last. Reaction media range from acidic to alkaline and include both aqueous and ethanolic systems. 5. Among the indoles, antioxidant activity can be related to structure. Their ability to decrease the initial rate of I- oxidation is reduced by: (a) substitution at the 3-position; (b) introduction of an electron-withdrawing group at the 2- or 3-position and (c) replacement of N with another atom or heteroatom. This kind of activity may be increased however by: (a) introduction of OH into the benzene ring and (b) by introduction of an electron-releasing agent at the 2-position. Activity is not affected by (a) substitution on N, or (b) 3-substitution with an ethylamine group. 6. Activity among other chemical groups has not yet been related to structure, but several biologically active compounds including thyroxin and isoniazid are powerful antioxidants. Even simple aliphatic amines, including a tertiary amine, exhibit weak inhibiting properties. 7. A number of the active compounds are known to have some kind of biological activity at comparatively low concentrations, including serotonin, 5-hydroxy-IAA, indole and EDTA. 8. Experiments carried out on germination and early seedling growth with turnip, rice and lettuce show isoniazid, hydrazine, indole-3-ethylamine, and skatole, all powerful antioxidants, to be growth promoters as well. 9. It is concluded that although definite "cause-effect" relationships between antioxidative and biological activities have not yet been proven, the wide-spread occurrence of antioxidants together with our current information on oxygen toxicity calls for serious consideration when mechanism of hormone and regulator actions are under consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 1959
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Oxygen-Dependent Cleavage of the Vinyl-Ether Linkage of Plasmalogens 1. Cleavage by Rat-Brain Supernatant.
- Author
-
Yavin, Ephraim and Gatt, Shimon
- Subjects
BRAIN ,VINYL ethers ,NITROGEN ,ANTIOXIDANTS ,RATS ,DETERGENTS ,AMMONIUM sulfate ,CATALYSIS - Abstract
The vinyl-ether linkage of plasmalogen was cleaved by rat brain homogenates; practically all activity was localized in the soluble fraction of the homogenate. The cleavage of the vinyl-ether linkage was tightly coupled to the reduction of molecular oxygen; about 3.5—4 mol oxygen were reduced for each mol vinyl-ether cleaved. Both the reduction of oxygen and the cleavage of vinyl-ether ceased if the reaction was run in an atmosphere of nitrogen or if antioxidants such as N,N-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, butylated hydroxytoluene or Quercetin were used, in the presence of oxygen. Either reaction was also inhibited by the addition of the following chelators: EDTA, citrate, dipyridyl, desferal and o-phenanthroline. A detergent such as sodium deoxycholate was required for optimal activity. The reaction (i.e., vinyl-ether cleavage or oxygen uptake) was directly proportional to protein concentration and time and had an optimal pH at about 7.3. When reaction rates were plotted against substrate concentration, hyperbolic curves of the Michaelis-Menten type were obtained. The active component of rat brain supernatant was dialyzable, was not inactivated when heated for 10 min at 100 °C and did not precipitate in a saturated ammonium sulfate solution. This suggests that cleavage of the vinyl-ether linkage of plasmalogen is catalyzed by a thermostable, low-molecular-weight, non-protein component of rat brain supernatant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Chemicals Used as Spin-Finishes for Man-Made Fibers.
- Author
-
Redston, J.P., Berkholz, W.F., and Schlatter, C.
- Abstract
The necessity and difficulty of developing an ideal formulation of a chemical coating for optimum man-made fiber processing on textile equipment under varying conditions is stressed. In the absence of such a coating, the fiber has little economic value. The phrase "spin-finish" is defined. The various compounds chiefly used are listed by chemical classes under luhricants without surface activity, external antistatic agents for surface of fiters, and emulsifiers having lubricating function. The necessary properties of components and blends are discussed. Patents covering spin-finishes are reviewed for the years following the introduction of the first man-made fiber nylon in 1938. Reference is made to concepts found in new patents for internal antistatic agents and for new fibers. Suggestions for synthesis of new compounds with enhanced properties are made. The bibliography covers 80 patent and literature references. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Certain Organic Substances and Their Effects upon Incidence of Dental Caries in the Cotton Rat.
- Author
-
THOMPSON, D. T., VOGEL, J. J., and PHILLIPS, P. H.
- Subjects
CAVITY prevention ,POLYPHENOLS ,AMINO acids ,PHENOLIC acids ,ANTIOXIDANTS ,HESPERIDIN ,LABORATORY rats - Abstract
The article presents a study which examined the effects of various organic substances on the incidence of dental caries in cotton rats. Organic substances discussed include amino acids, phenolic acids, polyphenols, and antioxidants. Polyphenols such as hesperidin and hesperetin methyl chalcone were found to reduce the incidence of dental caries significantly.
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Effects of peroxides on permeability and their modification by indoles, vitamin E, and other substances
- Author
-
S M Siegel and L A Halpern
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Cell Membrane Permeability ,Necrosis ,Membrane permeability ,Physiology ,Vitamin E ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Plant Science ,Oxidative phosphorylation ,In Vitro Techniques ,Antioxidants ,Peroxides ,Membrane ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Germination ,Permeability (electromagnetism) ,Genetics ,Thiol ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Research Article - Abstract
Hydroperoxides can cause obvious injury, mutation, and death to cells and multicellular organisms (1, 19). At sufficiently low concentrations, their effects like that of ozone can be manifested in germination or growth rather than in obvious necrosis (7,20). The effects on germination of such active oxidants c;an be in part reversed by antioxidants such as indoles or cobaltous salts. Some of the effects of peroxides may be related to their facile attack upon thiol groups in simple molecules or proteins (5). Obviously, a gap exists between chemical effects and overall growth responses. Hence an effort was made to fill the gap at the cellular level. Some observations made on the permeability of beet root tissues, namely A) th;at thermal damage to the membrane is in fact oxidative in character (11) ; B) that exposure of plants to elevated Po, causes membrane breakdown and exudation even of protein (16); and C) that substantial increases in permeability induced by chem.ical means are correlated with loss in viability (13), suggested the following hypothesis: Peroxides at growth-inhibiting concentrations (10-5 10-3 M) should increase beet root membrane permeability; the relative effectiveness of various peroxides on permeability and loss in viability should be similar; and peroxidic damage to the membrane should be reversed, in part at least, by antioxidants. The results presented in this paper largely support this hypothesis.
- Published
- 1965
18. Aliphatic hydroxylamines as lipid antioxidants
- Author
-
Theresa E. Kennedy, Jair T. Weil, J. Van Der Veen, and H. S. Olcott
- Subjects
Nitroxide mediated radical polymerization ,Antioxidant ,Chemical Phenomena ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Organic Chemistry ,Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ,Oxides ,Cell Biology ,Hydroxylamines ,Biochemistry ,Nitroxide radical ,Lipids ,Antioxidants ,Esr spectra ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Squalene ,Chemistry ,Hydroxylamine ,chemistry ,Oxidizing agent ,medicine ,Organic chemistry - Abstract
It was previously noted that N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine is formed from the oxidation of trioctylamine in oxidizing fats and that N,N-dioctyl- and N,N-diethylhydroxylamine preparations have antioxidant activity. In this paper we summarize some additional observations with these and some other N-substituted hydroxylamines. ESR spectra indicate that nitroxides are present in oxidized preparations of hydroxylamines. Since some stable nitroxides have been shown to be exceptionally effective antioxidants, we hypothesize that the antioxidant effectiveness of the hydroxylamines is accounted for by their conversion to nitroxides during the inital stages of oxidation.
- Published
- 1970
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.