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In the numerical integration of an improper integral of the first kind, it is customary to truncate the integral when the change yielded by the last iteration is less than some predetermined constant. The efficiency of such integration schemes can often be improved by use of recent advances in the theory of nonlinear transformations; however, for several important integrals, e.g. integrals whose integrands are rational polynomials these transformations fail to yield much improvement. In this paper, several methods of convergence improvement are developed which greatly improve convergence of some improper integrals, including the integrals of rational polynomials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are situations in the natural sciences and medicine (e.g. in electron microscopy and X-ray photography in which it is desirable to estimate the gray levels of a digital picture at the individual points from the sums of the gray levels along straight tines (projections) at a Few angles. Usually, in such situations, the picture is far from determined and the problem is to find the "most representative" picture. Three algorithms are described (all using Monte Carlo methods which were designed to solve this problem. The algorithms are applicable in a large and varied number of fields. The most important uses may he the reconstruction of possibly asymmetric particles from electron micrographs and three-dimensional X-ray analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]