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Presents the title and abstracts of papers presented during the 1934 annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Increasing significance of geographic conditions in the growth of nation-states; Erosional history of the wind river range, Wyoming; Long-lot farm and economic in public services.

Presents a list of titles and abstracts of papers regarding geography presented to the Association of American Geographers from 1904 to 1910.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the seventh annual meeting of Society for Psychophysiological Research held at the Vacation Village Hotel in San Diego, California from October 19-22, 1967. One of the papers explored monocular visual evoked potentials as an index of maturity of human neonates. Another paper focused on habituation differences to tactile stimulation for waking and sleeping infants. In this paper the role of state in determining a psychological or physiological response is not disputed.

Presents abstracts of articles from the Association of American Geographers in 1940. "The Relations of Some Texas Soils to Their Parent Materials"; "The Historic Indians of Louisiana"; "Louisiana Foods".

The article announces the incoming Christmas Holiday meetings of Section Q of the American Association for the Advancement of Science wherein the International Council for Exceptional Children is invited to participate. It likewise invites readers to contribute their suggestions, opinions or comments.

The article introduces the theme of the articles featured in the issue. The main topics in all the papers presented in the issue revolve around study of various aspects of voluntary associations. The study of voluntary associations involves three separate theoretical concerns. The first, and perhaps oldest of these, focuses on the nature and structure of society, especially industrial society. A second theoretical interest in voluntary associations is social psychological in emphasis; here voluntary associations are examined for what they can tell us about the nature of the person in contemporary society. Finally, voluntary associations may be studied within the framework of organizational theory with a focus upon associations as the units to be studied. Four of the papers in this issue are directly concerned with the problem of the contribution of voluntary associations to the society in which they exist. Most studies of voluntary associations implicitly suggest that such groups are integrative.

The paper presents an integrative analysis of voluntary associational leadership and reputational influence. It is noted that the degree to which leadership in voluntary organizations contributes to reputational influence patterns in the general community is not an easily predictable phenomenon. It becomes clear that no "a priori" assumptions can be made about the role of voluntary groups in the general leadership of any given community. There is a need, however, to distinguish the "organizational community" from the community in which formal voluntary groups are of considerably less significance. The study results of the overlap of reputational influentials and formal leaders in four towns are given in tabular form. The factors are number of reputational individuals, number of formal leaders, maximum possible overlap, actual overlap and percentage overlap. From the point of view of influence structures, it was discovered that the larger the town the greater the number of persons who receive a given proportion of nominations as an influential. The results of the study presented in this paper justify the trend toward the use of a combination of the positional and reputational methods of identifying leaders.

The paper presents comparison between the associations of British and American voluntary associations. The development of postwar research on the structure and functioning of voluntary associations has been uneven, and there have been marked differences between British and American research in this field. This paper offers a narrow definition of voluntary associations. It defines voluntary associations as groups in which membership is in no sense obligatory, which have a formal constitution, but which do not have paid officials at the local level. The next section of this paper places the subsequent analysis in context by pointing briefly to the very substantial similarities between research in Great Britain and the U.S. The third section discusses differences in the research environments of the two countries, and suggests their relevance to the main problem. The fourth section assesses the differences in research orientations between the two countries, as it has influenced the study of voluntary associations. The final section considers the effect of these differences upon the functional analyses that have been made.

The article describes the outcome of a research on various aspects of participation in voluntary organizations. Although there have been periodic discussions of the criteria for the category "voluntary associations," the term primarily designates a set of interests and questions rather than a special kind of organization. In addition, the literature on voluntary associations deals either with the question of participation or with the question of community function. This paper discusses participation in "voluntary associations" from an organizational analysis point of view. The research has focused on a single community of about 30,000 population. The data collected include two sample surveys, membership lists, basic identification data on most associations in the community, and full descriptive data on the associations. The aim of the paper is to report on a significant by-product of the research that may have considerable relevance for organizational analysis as well as for voluntary association interests.

The article presents information on the schedule of the eighteenth annual meeting of the Southwestern Social Science Association. The first paper, titled Labor Relations in the Southwest, was presented by Edwin A. Elliott, regional director of National Labor Relations Board, on March 26. The second paper, Struggle Between Fascism and Communism in Europe, was presented by E.E. Hale of University of Texas. The other papers for the day were National Banks and Bank Failures and Private Affiliates, by George L. Anderson; Europe's Efforts at Peacemaking, by W.C. Askew of University of Arkansas; French Opinions of the Confideracy, by L.M. Case; A Study of the People of West Texas, by Gus Ford of Houston; The Geography of Ancient Carthage, by Edward E. K&eacaute;so; The Distribution of Mexican Population in the U.S., by Bea Mantooth; Retail Trade as a Primary Urban Function in Oklahoma, by Allen Belden; Survey of Youth in Arkansas, by J.C. London; Survey of Welfare Activities in Oklahoma City, by Fred A. Replogie.

In this paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate the contents volumes I to X of Sociologia Ruralis (1960-1970), with the understanding that only the (75) English written papers are being reviewed. The main starting points have been derived from Article 4 of the Constitution of the European Society for Rural Sociology. After having proposed a number of critical remarks on the subject that have been dealt with in the papers concerned, a tentative evaluation has been made of the practical, theoretical, and methodologic relevance of these papers. In the final section, some ideas are suggested which might be used in order to remove several shortcomings brought to light in to previous sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on a meeting on freshwater ecology held at the Exeter, England-based University of Exeter from 3-7 July, 1964 and a meeting of the Tropical Group on patterns in dry tropical vegetation held in London, England-based Linnean Society on November 4, 1964. Series of papers presented at the meetings; Discussions on each paper; Participants of the meetings.

This article presents information on program schedule of the Southwestern Social Science Association annual convention, held in April 1949, at Fort Worth, Texas. The first session of the convention began at 9 a.m. on April 15, 1949 on the topic of accounting. Some papers presented in the session are: "Accounting of Social Security," by Z.E. Avery; "A Uniform Plan for Teaching Elementary Accounting Within the College or University," by Zeb Freeman; and Corporate Reorganizations Under Chapter X of the Bankruptcy Act," by Reginald Rushing. Panel discussion on regional research related to agricultural economics was conducted o the topic "Financing Regional Research," and "Organization for Regional research." Some other papers presented on topics like economics, geography, government are: "Inflation and Government Policy," by H.L. McCracken; "Competition As a Concept and a Guide to Policy," by F. Howard Forsyth; "New Gulf, Texas: The World's Largest Sulphur Mine," by John I. Stroup: and others.

The article presents information related to the Southwestern Social Science Association. Professor J. Linus Glanville, Second Vice-President of the Association, at Dallas, died on November 18. Glanville was one of the southwest's outstanding historical scholars and has been an active supporter of the Association for many years. The Executive Council of the Association announced that the 1948 meeting will be held at the Baker Hotel in Dallas, on March 26-27. The Executive Council will hold its preliminary session on the evening of March 25. Five new panel sections have been selected for the 1948 meeting of the Southwestern Sociological Society. Members of the society who will have projects for review in the spring are asked to advise the section chairman in whose panel the papers might appear. Society members are also asked to inform section chairmen if they are aware of possible papers from other members of their departments or other members of their faculties. Section chairmen are particularly interested in giving scholars who have recently moved into the Southwest full opportunity to participate in these sessions.

The article reports on the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) Policy Statements approved by the Delegate Assembly in the U.S. The Organization and Administration for Special Education policy statement is prepared by the CEC Policies Commission and is originally derived from a paper by Ernest Willenberg. Such statements suggest some of the major principles on which a special education administrative organization should be based. Special education shares with regular education the basic responsibility of public educational systems to fulfill their right to education for every child.

The article presents the research paper which reflects on methods used by the Freshwater Biological Association to reduce the number of pike in Lake Windermere, England. Pikes reduced the food for the trouts, which are the most important fishes in the lake. The study found out that the long lining method caught more pikes but also eels and trout which could not be returned alive.

Proprietors of a society, in order to gain their ends, frequently resort to the use of force and violence. An important tool is the organization of violence. Massive violence is instituted by these organizations and at the behest of the societal proprietors as a means of goal attainment. One of the consequences of this massive violence is the disruption of the experience of everyday life and the imposition of another experience upon the actor. The organization, as a result of its own action, creates problems which must be solved in order that action may be continued. The organization must make combat action meaningful by making it relevant; it must devise strategies for successfully moving individuals from one reality to the other; it must define the parameters of the most relevant action, i.e., violence; it must socialize men into violence; it must devise strategies to constrain, channel, and direct the actions of men socialized into violence; it must, in short, construct a social reality designed to cope with the exigencies of the battle-moment. A discussion of some of the factors relevant to the success or failure of this project has been the subject of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the effects of members on organizations. We looked at the kinds of responses organizations can make to members, the connection of different responses to the type of relationship between organization and members, the choice of different organizational responses, and the conditions maximizing effects of members. The term "organizational response" is used to cover both new developments which are customarily thought to be changes and those which are not usually viewed as changes. The basis for distinguishing two major types of responses to members is how the pressure for change is handled: Any new activities, procedures, norms, or goals introduced in order to alter or manipulate the source of pressure on the organization are called controls. Any new activities, etc., introduced in order to alter or manipulate the targets of pressure are called organizational modifications. The most important organizational responses to members are social controls. These may involve major redistributions of resources, the creation of new departments and services, dramatic shifts in conceptions of the organization's purposes, and so on. At the same time, they represent attempts by agents of the organization to resist, control, contain, manipulate, and prevent possible influence from members on the organization. Many times, these attempts to protect the organization are more costly than modifying those aspects of the organization which are the targets of influence. The social controls can backfire and engender greater member disaffection. Nevertheless, it was assumed that social controls should be a preferred response when pressures from members occur. Should the range of controls available to an organization become depleted—either because it has few available or because previous attempts at control have failed—organizational modifications then occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses upon two university voluntary organizations engaged in tutoring lower-class Negro youngsters with the hope of increasing their intellectual capabilities and eventual achievements. The long-term goal of both groups was to boost the Negro into better educational tracks in school and eventually to better his social conditions within the community. This was to be accomplished by spending time with students after regular school hours helping them with the courses in which their performance had been considered poor. How much time a tutor spent with his tutee was determined by the particular individuals involved, for no stringent rules governed the didactic nature of the programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A striking feature of the social participation literature is the tendency to concentrate on one type of activity. For example, studies dealing with formal organizations have described the character of such groups and their participants. Studies of friendship participation have traced the patterns of friendships and the type of people who are attracted to each other as friends. Consequently, few sociologists have focused their attention upon a question like: Are there any patterns or relationships between the different types of social participation? Participation in formal voluntary associations and informal voluntary interactions may be related to each other, influence each other, or at least be similarly influenced by other variables. This paper analyzes different types of social participation to determine if participation in one area of social activity is related to participation in other areas of social life. Specifically, we will try to determine (1) whether people who have many friends or who have a number of intimate friends are more apt to belong to formal voluntary organizations than those who have few friends or intimate friends; (2) whether participation in the family is related to participation in formal voluntary associations and informal voluntary interaction; and (3) whether ethnic generation status and sex alter the patterns between the different types of social participation. Generational status will be used as an independent variable since changes in ethnic status may modify the direction or the degree of relationship between the types of social activity. Sex will be used as a control variable since the roles which men and women play in society often differ considerably-especially among ethnics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the literature on formal voluntary organizations in the urban community. The theoretical approaches that guided much of the research in this area are identified as social structural, social psychological, and organizational. Basic findings suggest that formal participation, including church membership, is a characteristic of urban life. Population characteristics, attitudes, informal interaction, and community involvement are all related to formal membership. Moreover, formal organizations attempt to integrate individuals with the larger community, and such groups, in urbanizing areas, facilitate modernization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the rhetoric found in the referral pamphlets distributed by military academies and homes for the mentally retarded. The material is analyzed from a perspective which views value exchange between client and organization as an initial means of institutionalizing the relations between the person and the service organization. Discussion centers around the heuristic value of economic models in sociological analysis, with particular reference to that non-institutionalized sphere of the division of labor that encompasses service organizations which lack viable client referral mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the voluntary associations of adolescents. It focuses on three main issues. First, on the extent to which middle-and working-class adolescents are affiliated with and involved in formal organizations; Second, on affiliation as a family-linked characteristic; and third, on whether involvement by an individual in children's associations is related to subsequent membership in formal groups as an adolescent. Data for the study were collected from a sample of 456 students enrolled in high school population of a small city, which is situated 20 miles from Omaha, Nebraska. A very high proportion of middle-class and working-class students in the study were affiliated with groups. The data show that while middle-class students were more likely to be affiliated than working-class students, the differences were not great. Similarly, no important differences along class lines were observed when attendance at meetings were considered. Membership in voluntary groups did indeed prove to be family linked. Students were more likely to join youth associations if a parent belonged to a voluntary association than where this was not the case.

This paper presents a study on the nature of influence in regional sociological associations in the U.S. It compares and contrasts organizations and extends an earlier study of three national societies. Data were collected and analyzed which pertained to several characteristics of association presidents. Data about each president were collected for a period of ten years prior to his election. It is noted that as membership in the national associations has become greater, the smaller coteries of specialized interests have developed to delineate members who share a common language. Moreover, the presidency of an organization, as it is occupied by a sequence of incumbents, renders visible the norms and values of members. Information was gathered from news reported in the "American Journal of Sociology" and the "American Sociological Review," from private correspondence, and from association records. The study concerned the six regional societies which are affiliated with the American Sociological Association.

The purpose of the research reported in this paper is to assess the usefulness of the instrumental-expressive typology in the study of voluntary associations using data provided by university students. The hypotheses center around two basic considerations. The first one extents to which members of the two types of associations differ according to a number of significant sociological variables (e.g., the degree of involvement in friendship networks outside the association). The second consideration is the possible differences in the ways new members are incorporated into instrumental and expressive associations. The three criteria determining the differentiation between the instrumental and expressive association are given. It also discusses personal influence and associational membership. Instrumental and expressive scores of nine associations are presented in tabular form. In conclusion, the instrumental and expressive dimensions represent a sociologically significant way of classifying associations. This distinction may be more useful in some sociological research than the more common systems of classification that are not directly related to sociological theory.

This article presents information on convention program of the Southwestern Social Science Association and the American Business Writing Association joint conference, held in April 1955, in Dallas, Texas. Some of papers presented in the meetings on various topics like accounting, agricultural economics, business administration, sociology, government, geography are: "A Well-Informed and Better-Guided Student," by William P. Carr; "Recent Developments in Accounting Research," by Charles T. Zlatkovich; "Course Content and Conduct," by Emerson O. Henke; "The Southern Farmer and Foreign Trade," by M.D. Woodin; "The Southern Farmer and Current Agricultural Legislation and Regulation," by William A. Faught; "A Comparison of Riparian and Appropriated Water Rights," by Wells A. Hutchins; "A Comparison of Land-Value Theories and the Everyday Operation of the Land Market," by Robert L. Tontz; "Geography of the Rainforest of Western Pichincha and Esmeraldas, Ecuador," by Luis Freile; and others.

This article presents information on several events organized by the Southwestern Social Science Association, to be held in 1952. The Association will hold its annual convention for 1952 in Dallas, Texas, on April 11 and 12. General headquarters for the convention will be at the Baker Hotel, Commerce and Akard. Arrangement for section luncheon meetings have been made by several sections, including Accounting, Geography, Social Science Introductory Course, and the American Business Writing Association. These will all be held at 12:30 p.m. on April 11. The Southwestern Sociological Society, which constitutes the sociology section of the Association, sponsors each year a program for students in sociology to coincide with the annual meeting. Headquarters and meetings will be held in Baker, on April 11. The general business meeting of the Association is scheduled at 8:00 a.m. on Saturday morning. Full attendance is essential to the continued success of the Association. Section business meetings will he held on Friday afternoon immediately following the presentation of papers and discussions. The members of each section elect a chairman and an associate editor.

The article presents a brief history of the founding and the early years of the California Council of Geography Teachers, established in 1946 and has been functional for eighteen years. In this report, the author indicated those person whose contribution have been significant to the organization. Also, the paper provide a summary of activities in order to provide basis which could be useful to charting the future course of the organization.

Features a meeting that marks the close of the fiftieth anniversary of the Association of American Geographers. Implications of the high quality of papers and discussion for the growth of the field and of the society; Concern of the founders of the society; Impact of the association around a common purpose for the development of the field.

The article focuses on the proposed policy statements by the Council for Exceptional Children on the organization and administration of special education in the U.S. It informs that the statements were developed from a paper by Ernest Willenberg, in collaboration with Evelyn Deno, Paul Voelker, Paul Mckinnon and Willard Abraham. The statements were first published in the February 1971 issue of "Exceptional Children." The article outlines the major policies on which a special education administrative organization should be based.

The article presents the text of the position paper entitled "Basic Commitments and Responsibilities to Exceptional Children," a statement prepared by the Council for Exceptional Children Policies Commission and approved by the 1971 Delegate Assembly in the U.S. The contents of the statement include: the goal and commitment of special education; implementation of universal education; special education within the schools; the school and the family; the responsibility of higher education; and the levels of government responsibility for the support of special education.

The United Nations has designated 1965 as international Cooperation Year as a means of emphasizing cooperative programs and activities throughout the world. This paper encourages CEC federation and chapter participation in ICY, and suggests programs and materials which may he used to make CEC members aware of the importance of international cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents reports of combined Annual Meeting of Canadian Academy of Endodontics and the American Association of Endodontists. The first day of the meeting featured the research seminar. The first paper was on a study concerning "Change in Dentine Brittleness Relative to Dehydration," by Douglas Stewart and Herbert Schilder of Boston University. Again from Boston University, Herbert Schilder and Roger Czarnecki reported on a "Histological Evaluation of the Human Dental Pulp in Teeth with Varying Degrees of Periodontal Disease."

The article reports on the accomplishments of the International Council for Exceptional Children. One instrumental person in the establishment of the council is Elizabeth E. Farrell. She was the first president and a person who has made significant contributions to the organization. The text of Farrell's closing paper at one of the council's convention in Philadelphia is presented.

The article focuses on the origin and progress of the Texas labor archives. During the Southern Historical Association's meeting in Memphis in November 1966 a group of mostly young historians organized the Association of Southern Labor Historians (SHA). Its purpose was to promote Southern labor history by encouraging the collection of labor records and the delivery of labor papers at meetings concurrent with those of SHA. Inspired by this development, professor George Green of the University of Texas Arlington history department talked with the university librarian, John Hudson, about the absence of primary resource materials for graduate and undergraduate study in history at UTA and the lack of recent research in the South and Southwest on the history of labor. Professor Howard Lackman of the history department joined in the series of conversations. Researchers learned that no university in the Southwest was actively collecting labor records and that the labor community, possessing tons of non-current records, needed and wanted a labor archives.

This article presents the journal of S. C. Hewitt, appointed lecturer of the Fall River Mechanics' Association and labor organizer in Massachusetts in the early 1840s. Students U.S. labor movement know that the most important development of the 1840s was the ten-hour movement, and that the organization which spearheaded this demand was the New England Workingmen's Association which came into existence in the fall of 1844 to give support to the shorter workday crusade. The association was largely the product of the mechanics of Fall River, Massachusetts. Early in 1844 these men organized a Mechanics' Association to further the ten-hour day in their community. The association distributed pledge cards binding the signers not to work for more than ten hours and conducted a number of strikes for the shorter working day. In April 1844, the Fall River Mechanics Association set up a publishing committee, headed by Thomas Almy, to print a four-page weekly paper, "The Mechanic," to advocate the cause of the oppressed mechanic and laborer in all its bearings. The Mechanics' Association secure the services of S. C. Hewitt as a lecturer. Readers of "The Mechanic" were already familiar with Mr. Hewitt.

The article presents information on the International Consultation-Conference on the Sociology of Religion that was held in Washington D.C. from September 8 to 10, 1962. Ecumenical in the sense that participants came from all parts of the world, the meeting was jointly sponsored by the Religious Research Association and the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion. It was supported by a grant from the Hazen Foundation. More than eighty registered participants represented twenty nations, including Canada, Colombia, India, Japan, Malaya, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Puerto Rico and Sierra Leone besides Western Europe and the United States. Following greetings by Dr Lauris Whitman on behalf of the Religious Research Association and Professor Horace Fries; president of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion, the first session consisted of summary reports on current work in the sociology of religion. Prepared papers by Dr Norman Birnbaum of Nuffield College, Oxford University, and Professor Charles Y. Glock of the University of California in Berkeley were followed by extemporaneous presentations representing other parts of the world.

The article reports that the board of governors of the Council for Exceptional Children has authorized the establishment of (1) a policy commission, (2) a standing committee on professional standards and (3) an ad hoc study committee on professional membership requirements. The policy commission would be charged with developing basic papers on selected topics regarding basic papers on selected topics regarding policy positions in situations concerned with the education of exceptional children. The commission would report to the executive committee and boards of directors, and policy statements developed would come before the delegate assembly for adoption. The continuing committee on professional standards is established to (1) consider possible revisions and refinements of the professional standards report adopted by the delegate assembly in Toronto and (2) explore a possible means of implementation of the report.