44 results
Search Results
2. Direct Arterial Pressure and Electrocardiogram during Motor Car Driving
- Author
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Peter Sleight, A. J. Honour, and W. A. Littler
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Automobile Driving ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Poison control ,Blood Pressure ,Coronary Disease ,Car driving ,Essential hypertension ,Angina Pectoris ,Angina ,Electrocardiography ,Heart Rate ,Internal medicine ,Heart rate ,Humans ,Medicine ,General Environmental Science ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Significant difference ,General Engineering ,Arrhythmias, Cardiac ,Papers and Originals ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Blood pressure ,Hypertension ,Cardiology ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Female ,business ,Stress, Psychological - Abstract
Direct arterial pressure and electrocardiogram have been measured continuously over a period of 24 hours in 15 patients. Observations have been made on the behaviour of these variables during 30 separate episodes of motor car driving. The patients were divided into three groups: (1) five normotensive subjects, (2) five patients with essential hypertension who were not receiving therapy, and (3) five patients with angina pectoris who were either normotensive or hypertensive.In all but one subject, apart from variable changes in heart rate, no significant arrhythmias or S-T segment changes were observed in the electrocardiogram. The arterial pressure remained remarkably stable throughout the driving period in all three groups and there was no significant difference between the levels of blood pressure at the beginning and end of a journey. There were short periods of raised arterial pressure during driving related to such episodes as overtaking, but these quickly returned to baseline levels. Two patients experienced anginal pain during driving.It is concluded that motor car driving does not have such a pronounced effect on the blood pressure as might have been thought.
- Published
- 1973
3. An Assessment of Postoperative Outpatient Cases
- Author
-
T. W. Ogg
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Automobile Driving ,Outpatient Clinics, Hospital ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Nausea ,Outpatient surgery ,Nitrous Oxide ,Poison control ,Anesthesia, General ,Occupational safety and health ,Postoperative Complications ,Sex Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Vertigo ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Humans ,Propanidid ,Child ,Aged ,General Environmental Science ,biology ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Age Factors ,Headache ,General Engineering ,Papers and Originals ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,Oxygen ,Scotland ,Anesthesia ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Halothane ,Sleep ,business ,Follow-Up Studies ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A total of 100 outpatients in the North-East of Scotland were given a simple anaesthetic of propanidid, nitrous oxide, oxygen, and halothane. The study was undertaken to assess what happened to patients when they left hospital after outpatient surgery. An outpatient questionnaire was used, and results show that 31% of patients journeyed home unaccompanied by a responsible person, 73% of car owners drove within 24 hours of the operation, and 9% drove themselves home. Postoperative symptoms of drowsiness (26%), headache (27%), nausea (22%), and dizziness (11%) were recorded, and a higher incidence of symptoms was recorded when surgery exceeded 15 minutes. A new form for outpatient operative procedures in Aberdeen has been devised with modern legal implications in mind.
- Published
- 1972
4. Effects of Four Commonly-used Tranquillizers on Low-speed Driving Performance Tests
- Author
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A B Clayton, G M Mackay, and T A Betts
- Subjects
Male ,Automobile Driving ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Amobarbital ,Poison control ,Tranquillizing Drugs ,Pharmacology ,Audiology ,Placebo ,Chlordiazepoxide ,Placebos ,Injury prevention ,Haloperidol ,Humans ,Medicine ,General Environmental Science ,Behavior ,Clinical Trials as Topic ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Papers and Originals ,General Medicine ,Trifluoperazine ,Low speed ,Motor Skills ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Female ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A double-blind controlled comparison of four commonly-used tranquillizing drugs (haloperidol, amylobarbitone sodium, chlordiazepoxide, and trifluoperazine) against placebo was made in their effects on the performance of volunteers during three low speed vehicle-handling tests. The drugs (with the exception of haloperidol) significantly altered driving behaviour though they did not seem to interact significantly with alcohol. There is, therefore, a strong possibility that such drugs will similarly alter driving performance in patients taking them for therapeutic purposes. Since, as these experiments also show, those affected may be subjectively unaware of it, and routine clinical screening is not sensitive enough to detect them, physicians should warn patients of the probability that their driving performance will be affected by such drugs, particularly during the first few days that they are taken.
- Published
- 1972
5. Epilepsy and Driving
- Author
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G. E. Leyshon and R. D. H. Maxwell
- Subjects
Male ,Automobile Driving ,Epilepsy and driving ,Heavy goods vehicle ,Poison control ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,Humans ,General Environmental Science ,Jurisprudence ,Epilepsy ,Actuarial science ,General Engineering ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Electroencephalography ,Papers and Originals ,General Medicine ,United Kingdom ,Automobile Driver Examination ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Female ,Public service ,Business ,computer - Abstract
The status of the epileptic applicant for a licence to drive a private motor vehicle has changed from total prohibition through a stage of partial approval subject to medical assessment to the present conditional right to a driving licence. We report a study of a series of patients which shows that many and probably most epileptics have obtained driving licences by concealment of their condition, yet the new regulations continue to expect true declarations. It is suggested that, in common with applicants for a public service vehicle or a heavy goods vehicle driving licence, the applicant for a licence to drive a private motor vehicle should provide a medical report of fitness. The epileptic should be included in a general category of medically restricted drivers subject to individual medical assessment.
- Published
- 1971
6. The detection of sedative-hypnotic drugs in the impaired driver
- Author
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James M. White and Mary H. Graves
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Automobile Driving ,Injury control ,Accident prevention ,Chromatography, Paper ,Substance-Related Disorders ,Poison control ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,Psychoses, Substance-Induced ,Analytical Chemistry ,Ethchlorvynol ,Injury prevention ,Sedative/hypnotic ,medicine ,Methods ,Humans ,Hypnotics and Sedatives ,Methaqualone ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Human factors and ergonomics ,General Medicine ,Benzazepines ,Forensic Medicine ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Emergency medicine ,Barbiturates ,Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ,Carbamates ,Chromatography, Thin Layer - Published
- 1974
7. The drinking driver
- Author
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Simon Freeman
- Subjects
Automobile Driving ,Injury control ,Accident prevention ,Statistics as Topic ,Legislation as Topic ,Poison control ,Alcoholic intoxication ,Legislation ,Alcohol ,Urine ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Accident Prevention ,Environmental health ,Injury prevention ,Statistics ,Medicine ,Humans ,Fluids and Secretions ,General Environmental Science ,Jurisprudence ,Blood Chemical Analysis ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Accidents, Traffic ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Papers and Originals ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Alcohol ethyl ,Alcoholism ,Automobile Driver Examination ,General Articles and News ,chemistry ,England ,Accidents ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Medical emergency ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,computer ,Alcoholic Intoxication - Published
- 1968
8. Some effects of motor-car driving on the normal and abnormal heart
- Author
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Peter Taggart, David Gibbons, and Walter Somerville
- Subjects
Tachycardia ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Automobile Driving ,Epinephrine ,Poison control ,Pulmonary Edema ,Coronary Disease ,Car driving ,Angina Pectoris ,Angina ,Norepinephrine ,Electrocardiography ,Catecholamines ,Heart Rate ,Internal medicine ,Heart rate ,Medicine ,Humans ,Telemetry ,General Environmental Science ,Aged ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Rheumatic Heart Disease ,Arrhythmias, Cardiac ,Heart ,Articles ,General Medicine ,Papers and Originals ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Cardiovascular physiology ,Cardiology ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Ventricular Ectopic Beats ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,human activities ,Sports - Abstract
Electrocardiograms were recorded in experienced motor-car drivers accustomed to busy city traffic while driving their own cars along familiar routes. The majority with normal hearts or a history of coronary heart disease increased their heart rates; brief periods when the rate exceeded 140/min. were recorded in both groups. ST changes not caused by tachycardia developed in 3 out of 32 normal drivers. Of 24 drivers with coronary heart disease 13 increased their ST and T abnormalities, the changes being gross in six. A further five developed multiple ventricular ectopic beats. Two coronary drivers experienced anginal pain and two left ventricular failure. Healthy motor-racing drivers increased their heart rates to 180/min. in the few minutes before the start of a race and to above 200/min. while racing.Little or no change in the plasma catecholamine levels was noted in three coronary subjects immediately after a city drive compared with resting levels. All the racing drivers showed a considerable increase in noradrenaline, and in one instance adrenaline, immediately after racing.Persons in whom angina is easily provoked when driving or who are in borderline left ventricular failure should be advised not to drive.
- Published
- 1969
9. Visual factors in automobile driving
- Author
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V A, BYRNES
- Subjects
Automobile Driving ,Vision Tests ,Papers ,Automobile Driver Examination ,Humans - Published
- 1962
10. TABLE STAKES.
- Subjects
PARKING lots ,AUTOMOBILE driving - Abstract
The article reports on the role of Harry Ducote's parking lot in helping him survive despite the impact of driving restrictions on the parking business in New Orleans, Louisiana.
- Published
- 1943
11. Report on the Fourth International Symposium on the Theory of Traffic Flow.
- Author
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Potts, Renfrey B. and Herman, Robert
- Subjects
- *
CONFERENCES & conventions , *TRAFFIC flow , *TRAFFIC engineering , *DEBATE , *AUTOMOBILE driving - Abstract
The article focuses on the report of the fourth international symposium on the theory of traffic flow, that was held in Karlsruhe, Germany, in June, 1968. The symposium was attended by 154 participants from all over the world. Here, authors present brief comment on each paper discussed in the symposium. The paper entitled "A Study of Driver-Aided Car Following," by R. E. Fenton and W. B. Montano described recent experiments with a car controlled by a control, stick with a finger presenting a built-in kinesthetic tactile aid to the driver. The paper entitled "On Some Theoretical Traffic Problems" by J. Gustavsson, dealt with two topics, the asymptotic average speed of a vehicle on a long journey, and numerical examples illustrating the author's model for overtaking on a two-lane road. "An Analysis of Delays to Vehicle Platoons at Traffic Signals," by R.E. Allops examined the problem of the delay to a traffic platoon at an unsaturated traffic signal, the theoretical result being expressed in terms of the arrival pattern and duration of the platoon and the arrival time of the leading vehicle.
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Cutting Auto License Fraud.
- Subjects
DRIVERS' licenses ,PHOTOGRAPHS ,AUTOMOBILE driving - Abstract
The article reports that the State Department of Motor Vehicles in California has started using a new tamper-proof photographic system for printing a driver's image on the driving license in October 1958. The business community in the state including supermarkets, hotels and liquor shops, has welcomed the move.
- Published
- 1958
13. Joke Department.
- Subjects
HUMOROUS stories ,PERIODICAL articles ,AUTOMOBILE driving ,AUTOMOBILE drivers ,JOURNALISTS - Abstract
The article reports that the story about a man who asked the assistance of a female motorist to restart his stalled automobile published in the "Providence Evening Bulletin" was not true. The man reportedly asked the woman to push his car to get it to run, but instead, the woman drove her car to 35 miles per hour to give the man's automobile a push. The story turned out to be a joke printed by a Boston columnist.
- Published
- 1954
14. A Car-Following Model Relating Reaction Times and Temporal Headways to Accident Frequency.
- Author
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Brill, Edward A.
- Subjects
- *
AUTOMOBILE driving , *MODEL cars (Toys) , *AUTOMOBILE drivers , *TRAFFIC accidents , *ACCELERATION (Mechanics) , *TRANSPORTATION , *TRANSPORTATION accidents , *MATHEMATICS , *MOTOR vehicle drivers , *REACTION time - Abstract
This paper deals with a car-following model relating driver reaction time, temporal headway and deceleration response to accident frequency. The central goal is to assess the sensitivity of collision probability to a shift in expected reaction time. This problem reduces to determining the sensitivity of the probability of ruin to changes in the drift of the process of cumulative differences between reaction times and temporal headways. A diffusion-type approximation is used and it is shown that additive changes in mean reaction time correspond to multiplicative changes in collision probability. A numerical example is given to illustrate the potential effects of a mere 0.1 sec decrease in mean reaction time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. John Takes A Trip.
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE driving - Published
- 1943
16. Science and Technology.
- Subjects
TRAFFIC accidents ,TRAFFIC fatalities ,TRAFFIC engineering ,TRAFFIC congestion ,DRIVERS' licenses ,AUTOMOBILE driving ,TRANSPORTATION accidents - Abstract
Focuses on the rise in the number of traffic accidents in the U.S. Statistics of people killed or injured in highway accidents last year; Statement that rubber, gasoline and automobile shortages reduced traffic congestion and mileage; Need for practice of traffic engineering to reduce the accidents; States which have varying driving licence requirements; Lack of reporting of traffic accidents.
- Published
- 1944
17. Two Driver Education Programs for the Physically and Mentally Handicapped.
- Author
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Match, Elmer and Miller, Anthony W.
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE driver education ,AUTOMOBILE driving ,AUTOMOBILES for people with disabilities ,TRANSPORTATION for people with disabilities ,EMPLOYMENT of people with intellectual disabilities ,EMPLOYMENT of people with disabilities ,EMPLOYMENT ,TEENAGERS - Abstract
The article focuses on two driver education programs for physically and mentally handicapped individuals in Pennsylvania. Since 1961, the Pennsylvania Rehabilitation Center (PRC) has been giving disabled clients a driving training program in order for them to increase the feasibility of their employment. Various equipment used by the client at PRC includes a station wagon with dual controls, steering knob for one handed drivers, and a fork for quadriplegics. The Occupational Preparation School offers a program for mentally retarded male adolescents. These adolescents received 32 class hours on the driving textbook, watched 8 films on safe driving and spent some 6 hours on actual driving.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Chapter I: A Pawn of Fate.
- Author
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Wodehouse, P. G.
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE driving ,TRAFFIC accidents ,ENGAGEMENT (Philosophy) ,EMPLOYERS - Abstract
Chapter 1 of the first book of the novel "The Coming Bill," by P. G. Wodehouse is presented. It relates the background of Lora Delane Porter from her preference to spend her time in driving around New York and distinction as a reckless driver because of some atavistic tendency. Furthermore, it highlights the vehicular collision between George Pennicut and Porter, which leads Porter to meet with his employer Kirk Winfield.
- Published
- 1937
19. THE MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY UNIT.
- Author
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Brown, I. D., Batts, V., and McGougan, C. E.
- Subjects
ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,APPLIED psychology ,JOB evaluation ,PERFORMANCE standards ,AUTOMOBILE driving ,ORGANIZATIONAL effectiveness - Abstract
Reprints the article "The Medical Research Council Applied Psychology Unit," by D. Brown, V. Batts and C.E. McGougan, which appeared in the 1970 issue of the journal "Applied Ergonomics." Origin of the Medical Research Council's Applied Psychology Unit in Great Britain; Emphasis of the unit's research in evaluating the effects of various stresses upon working efficiency; Examination of conditions which are likely to cause impaired car driving.
- Published
- 1970
20. SHARED PATTERNS OF NONVERBAL NORMATIVE EXPECTATIONS IN AUTOMOBILE DRIVING.
- Author
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Shor, Ronald E.
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE driving ,SCIENTIFIC literature ,AUTOMOBILE drivers ,NONVERBAL communication ,INTENTION ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
In the scientific literature on automobile driving, little attention has been devoted to how drivers interpret nonverbally the locomotive intentions of other drivers, and how they communicate their own intentions in return. The view presented in this brief discussion is that mutually understood patterns of social expectations (norms) develop out of the realities of the driving situation. These shared expectations then serve as the basis of nonverbal communication. Examples are given of how confusions result when normative expectations are not shared, and of the process by which new drivers learn the norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1964
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Urban growth and population densities.
- Author
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Guest, Avery M. and Guest, A M
- Subjects
DEMOGRAPHIC surveys ,METROPOLITAN areas ,URBAN growth ,SOCIAL surveys ,STATISTICS ,CENSUS ,SOCIAL change -- History ,AUTOMOBILE driving ,COMPARATIVE studies ,DEMOGRAPHY ,ECOLOGY ,HISTORY ,HOUSING ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,POPULATION density ,RESEARCH ,TIME ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Differences in the distribution of population within and across metropolitan areas are seen as a product of the development of the metropolis during different transportation epochs. Age cohorts of census tracts in Cleveland, Ohio, may be split into three groups of development patterns based on the time of their early development: (1) before the development of the automobile, (2) during the early period of the auto's diffusion to the population, and (3) during the period of the mass diffusion of the auto. Patterns of population concentration and congestion across metropolitan areas are heavily selective of places with large population growth before the development of the streetcar and the automobile. More recent population growth has had little effect on population congestion but has led to a deconcentrated metropolis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Mathematical biology of automobile driving: I. The shape of the tracking curve on an empty straight road
- Author
-
N. Rashevsky
- Subjects
Automobile Driving ,Injury control ,Accident prevention ,General Mathematics ,Immunology ,Poison control ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Feedback ,Discrimination Learning ,Humans ,Discrimination learning ,Discrimination threshold ,Biology ,Simulation ,General Environmental Science ,Pharmacology ,Mathematical and theoretical biology ,General Neuroscience ,Mathematical analysis ,General Medicine ,Automobile driving ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Motor Skills ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Automobiles ,Mathematics ,Psychophysiology - Abstract
The idea was suggested by the author previously (Bull. Math. Biophysics,22, 257–262, 1962) that the keeping of the car close to the center of the lane is a problem of psychophysical discrimination between two conflicting stimuli, namely a stimulus to turn away from the left, resp. right edge of the lane. This is elaborated in the present paper. The effects of discrimination threshold and of the endogenous fluctuations which result in erroneous judgments are discussed. In order that driving should be possible at all, a relation, derived in this paper, must hold between the threshold of discriminationh, the sensitivity coefficientb of the driver to changes in the distance between the car and the edge of the lane, and the width of the lane. General expressions are derived which characterize the stochastic nature of the tracking curve.
- Published
- 1964
23. Mathematical biophysics of automobile driving
- Author
-
N. Rashevsky
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Injury control ,Computer science ,Accident prevention ,General Mathematics ,General Neuroscience ,Immunology ,Poison control ,General Medicine ,Automobile driving ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Expression (mathematics) ,Mathematical biophysics ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Control theory ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Simulation ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
In a previous paper (Rashevsky, 1959,Bull. Math. Biophysics,21, 299–308) we derived an approximate expression for the maximal speed of driving in terms of the reaction time of the driver. In the present paper the possible effects of unevennesses of the pavement, of such distracting stimuli as road signs etc. on the reaction time are studied theoretically, using previous developments of the mathematical biophysics of the central nervous system. In this manner expressions are derived which determine the maximal safe speed in terms of road conditions and other distracting stimuli. Effects of those conditions on fatigue are also discussed.
- Published
- 1959
24. Some Dreams I've Driven.
- Author
-
Gingrich, Arnold
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE driving ,AUTOMOBILES ,HISTORY ,HISTORY of automobiles - Published
- 1966
25. THE GRAND AUTOMOBILE TOUR.
- Author
-
Bartley, Diana
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE driving ,TRANSPORTATION - Published
- 1961
26. Imperiled Freedom of the Open Road.
- Author
-
Rudeen, Kenneth
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE driving ,TRAFFIC engineering ,AMERICANS ,AUTOMOBILE drivers - Published
- 1962
27. THE FORGOTTEN FUN OF DRIVING.
- Author
-
Miller, A. W.
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE driving ,TRAFFIC signs & signals ,FORD automobiles ,AUTOMOBILE drivers ,PANHARD automobile - Published
- 1960
28. Validity of indices of alcoholism : a comment from Irish experience
- Author
-
Brendan M. Walsh and Dermot Walsh
- Subjects
Adult ,Liver Cirrhosis ,Male ,Alcoholism--Ireland--Statistics ,Irish--Alcohol use ,Drinking of alcoholic beverages--Ireland ,Automobile Driving ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Epidemiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Poison control ,Stereotype ,Criminology ,Consumption (sociology) ,Suicide prevention ,Psychoses, Alcoholic ,Irish ,Humans ,Medicine ,Psychiatry ,Aged ,media_common ,Jurisprudence ,business.industry ,International comparisons ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Emigration and Immigration ,Middle Aged ,United Kingdom ,United States ,language.human_language ,Hospitalization ,Alcoholism ,Income ,language ,Conviction ,Female ,Holism ,business ,Ireland ,Research Article - Abstract
The incidence of 'alcoholism' is difficult to determine. This difficulty reflects the absence of a universally accepted definition of the disease. Various attempts have been made to base inter national comparisons upon such indices as alcohol consumption per person, death rates from 'alcohol related' diseases, hospital admission rates for 'alcoholism', and even conviction rates for 'drunk enness'. No problem would arise if all of these yardsticks displayed a high and consistent inter correlation, between regions and over time. In fact the widely used Jellinek formula assumes this to be the case and, although this method of comparing the incidence of alcoholism internationally has been criticized (Sundby, 1967), its use has influenced numerous discussions of national levels of alco holism. The present paper has been prompted by the authors' knowledge of the Irish scene. In view of the prominence of the emigrant Irish in several studies of alcoholism, the case of the Irish in Ireland deserves more attention than it has received, especially since (as is argued in the course of the present paper) it calls into question the feasibility of developing any consistent indices of the incidence of alcoholism. Some aspects of this topic have already been discussed among research workers in Ireland (Lynn and Hampson, 1970; Walsh, 1970). Literary and historical sources provide abundant evidence that the Irish have long been regarded as exceptional in their abuse of alcohol. Commen tators have been virtually unanimous in applying the stereotype of the drunken Irishman. A syste matic discussion of the literary and anthropological evidence, together with an attempt to provide a theory of Irish alcoholism, have been provided by Bales (1962). This paper attempts to compare the Irish case with as large a number of other countries as is feasible, using quantifiable indices that have been proposed by various authors as possible yardsticks of the prevalence or incidence of alcoholism. In this way it is hoped not only to place the Irish case in perspective but also to evaluate the reliability of these yardsticks in international comparisons of alcoholism. The measures that will be considered are
- Published
- 1973
29. TWO REMARKS ON THE MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY OF AUTOMOBILE DRIVING
- Author
-
N. Rashevsky
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Mathematical and theoretical biology ,Automobile Driving ,Injury control ,Accident prevention ,Physiology ,General Mathematics ,General Neuroscience ,Immunology ,Poison control ,General Medicine ,Automobile driving ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Nervous System ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Reaction Time ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,computer ,Mathematical economics ,Automobiles ,Biology ,Mathematics ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
In connection with a series of previous papers by this author (Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics,21, 299–308, 375–385;22, 257–262, 263–267;23, 19–29;24, 319–325) results obtained by A. Crawford (Economics 5, 417–428) on the effects of irrelevant lights on reaction times toward a given light stimulus are discussed. The conclusions from a previous paper of this author (Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics,23, 19–29) are elaborated.
- Published
- 1964
30. Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society, Vol. LX
- Author
-
Gordon M. Bruce
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Congenital glaucoma ,Juvenile glaucoma ,genetic structures ,Peripheral iridectomy ,business.industry ,Glaucoma ,Automobile driving ,medicine.disease ,Infantile glaucoma ,eye diseases ,Ophthalmology ,Pseudoglaucoma ,Night driving ,medicine ,Optometry ,sense organs ,business - Abstract
This volume contains 21 papers and seven theses. In the opening paper Merriam described the effect of radiation on cataract production. Adequate time-dose relationship was observed to give a slope that was expected when compared to known tissues. This presentation was followed by a delightful essay on "The Creation of Eve" (Veronese) by Karl Ascher. Byrnes reported on his studies of the visual factors involved in automobile driving. He suggested that driving licenses should be based upon daylight operating, with additional permits required for night driving given or withheld. Birge spoke on pseudoglaucoma which he defined as "false, deceptive, or deceitful glaucoma." Scheie reported further on his favorable experiences with peripheral iridectomy combined with scleral cautery. His series included 57 eyes with infantile glaucoma and 15 eyes with juvenile glaucoma. Maumenee reported further on the pathogenesis of congenital glaucoma, adding 11 eyes of six patients to his list. After a
- Published
- 1963
31. A Pocket History of Milton J. Wurtleburtle.
- Author
-
Abrahams, Robert D.
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE drivers ,TEMPERA painting ,AUTOMOBILE licenses ,AUTOMOBILE driving ,CHAUFFEURS ,MEMORANDUMS - Published
- 1937
32. A LITTLE LAUGH.
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE industry ,COLLEGE students ,PARENTS ,HUMOR in man-woman relationships ,AUTOMOBILE driving ,TOURISM ,TERMS & phrases ,WIT & humor - Published
- 1931
33. The effect of medazepam and alcohol on cognitive and motor skills used in car driving
- Author
-
Landauer, Ali A., Pocock, Derek A., and Prott, F. W.
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The Last Ride of Don Porfirio.
- Author
-
Slocombe, George
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE driving ,FICTION - Published
- 1946
35. Left Lib, Right Lib.
- Author
-
Davis, Philip J.
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE driving ,ACTION & defense cases ,MOTOR vehicle driving ,PUBLIC demonstrations ,LAW - Abstract
Discusses a U.S. Supreme Court case concerning driving on the right-hand side of the road or on the left-hand side of the road. Constitutionality of the drive on the right law; Demonstration staged by the members of Left Lib in New York City; Decision of the Supreme Court on the case.
- Published
- 1973
36. THE ART OF LIVING ON WHEELS.
- Subjects
AUTOMOBILE driving ,GEAR shifting in automobiles ,AUTOMOBILE repair ,TWENTIETH century ,HISTORY - Published
- 1950
37. A combined accelerator-brake pedal
- Author
-
Sullivan Jp, Toben Tj, West Ae, and Poock Gk
- Subjects
Engineering ,Automobile Driving ,Injury control ,business.industry ,Accident prevention ,Automotive industry ,Accidents, Traffic ,Poison control ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Automotive engineering ,Brake ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,business ,Man-Machine Systems - Abstract
The automotive vehicle has become one of modern Society's deadliest killers, in addition to injuring thousands of lives every year. This paper describes a combined accelerator and brake in one pedal which may be a technique for reducing automotive accidents. Its use is riot limited to automobiles, but can be used in any typo of automotive vehicle. Reaction time, from onset of an accident stimulus until the brakes are initially applied, is 0-256 seconds with this one pedal system, versus 0.468 seconds under the conventional two pedal accelerator-brake system. This saving of over 45 per cent in reaction time, results in the brakes of a vehicle being applied about 19 feet earlier at 60 mph for example. In addition, the driver would have this much more room to swerve and possibly avoid an otherwise serious situation ahead.
- Published
- 1973
38. Fatigue and driving
- Author
-
Allison Crawford
- Subjects
Engineering ,Automobile Driving ,Injury control ,Accident prevention ,business.industry ,Poison control ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Automotive engineering ,Humans ,Emotional arousal ,business ,Automobiles ,Fatigue - Abstract
The problem of fatigue in driving is two-fold. It includes both the fatigue resulting from driving and the effects of fatigue, from whatever source, on driving. The study of fatigue in drivers is hindered by the fact that no reliable method of measuring fatigue or defining driving performance has yet been found. This paper reviews some of the research on operational fatigue, and discusses the source of fatigue in driving. It is concluded that stress is an important factor in the production of driving fatigue, and various methods of assessing the effects of the emotional arousal it produces are discussed.
- Published
- 1961
39. Specification fo road traffic signal light intensity
- Author
-
Brian Brown and Barry L Cole
- Subjects
Adult ,Automobile Driving ,Poison control ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Luminous intensity ,Summation ,Luminance ,Signal ,050105 experimental psychology ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Optics ,Range (statistics) ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050107 human factors ,Applied Psychology ,Simulation ,Lighting ,Mathematics ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Intensity (physics) ,Light intensity ,business ,Color Perception - Abstract
In a previous communication we reported data supporting the recommendation that a red road traffic signal should have an intensity of 200 cd for optimum recognition from 100 m when the signal is seen against a very bright sky (104cd/m2). This confirmed the earlier result of Boisson and Pagès. The present paper extends the data to include (a) the effect of signal size on optimum signal intensity for a practical range of angular diameters (4.1 to 16.5 min of arc), and (b) the effect of background luminance for a range of luminances of 1.5 ft-L to 2250 ft-L. The results show that optimum signal intensity is independent of signal size and that spatial summation by the visual system is complete. However the same data demonstrate a failure of spatial summation when a conventional threshold criterion (probability of seeing the signal 0.5) is used. It is shown that smaller signals will be more effective than larger ones of the same intensity if their intensity is less than optimum. Optimum signal intensity is shown to be a linear function of background luminances greater than 10 ft-L. A graph relating optimum signal intensity to signalling range for various background luminances summarises the experimental data.
- Published
- 1968
40. Fingerprint preservation on motor vehicles by use of auxiliary steering wheel
- Author
-
D.D.F. Hardinge
- Subjects
Engineering ,Automobile Driving ,business.industry ,Fingerprint (computing) ,Police department ,Steering wheel ,Criminology ,Electronic differential ,Automotive engineering ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,law.invention ,Work (electrical) ,law ,Dermatoglyphics ,business ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
This paper describes the design and use of a portable, fully adjustable steering device, capable of being fitted to the steering wheel of converted and subsequently abandoned vehicles. Such vehicles may then be driven without destroying fingerprint evidence on the steering wheel. The work was done at the request of the New Zealand Police Department.
- Published
- 1968
41. Visual disturbances experienced by hallucinogenic drug abusers while driving
- Author
-
George E. Woody
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Automobile Driving ,Visual perception ,Substance-Related Disorders ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Vision Disorders ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Poison control ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,Afterimage ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Lysergic Acid Diethylamide ,Perception ,Visual Disturbance ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Hallucinogens ,Humans ,Psychology ,Psychiatry ,Cognition Disorders ,media_common - Abstract
THIS PAPER REPORTS THREE POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS EPISODES OF VISUAL DISTURBANCES THAT OCCURRED IN HALLUCINOGENIC DRUG USERS WHILE DRIVING. EACH DRIVER ACTED ON HIS PERCEPTIONS, AND ONLY AFTER HE HAD CHANGED THE COURSE OF HIS AUTOMOBILE DID HE REALIZE THAT WHAT HE HAD SEEN WAS UNREAL. EACH PERSON WAS CERTAIN HE WAS IN AN UNDRUGGED CONDITION AT THE TIME. THE AUTHOR CONCLUDES THAT THE USE OF HALLUCINOGENS MAY BE INTRODUCEING A NEW DRIVING HAZARD THROUGH THEIR ABILITY TO CAUSE VISUAL DISTURBANCES AND SPONTANEOUS RECURRANCES OF ACUTE EFFECTS. /SRIS/
- Published
- 1970
42. Automobile driving as psychophysical discrimination
- Author
-
N. Rashevsky
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Automobile Driving ,Injury control ,Accident prevention ,General Mathematics ,General Neuroscience ,Immunology ,Mathematical analysis ,Poison control ,General Medicine ,Function (mathematics) ,Edge (geometry) ,Automobile driving ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Expression (mathematics) ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,Psychophysics ,Humans ,Perception ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Constant (mathematics) ,Simulation ,General Environmental Science ,Mathematics ,Psychophysiology - Abstract
The driver tries to keep the car in the center of the lane. If the car is too near the left edge, this causes the driver to make a “corrective” right turn. If the car is near the right edge, a “corrective” left turn is made. Therefore, a quantity which decreases with increasing distance ΔL from the left edge may be considered as a stimulusSR producing the reactionRR of turning to the right. A similar situation holds for the distance ΔR from the right edge. When the car is in the center of the lane, ΔL = ΔR andSR=SL, the stimuli are equal. We thus have here a situation analogous to the one studied by H. D. Landahl in his theory of psychophysical discrimination. In general a reactionRR (resp.RL) will occur only ifRR−RL≥h* (resp.RL−RR≥h*) whereh* is a threshold. Applying Landahl’s theory to this situation, we find thath* determines the distance from the edge, at which a corrective turn is made. This distance is not constant, but a function of the speedv of the car. The requirement that a corrective turn should be madebeforre the car runs off the road leads to an expression for the maximum safe speed. Because of the transcendency of the equations involved, closed solutions cannot be obtained. It is, however, shown that the expression for maximum safe speed, given in a previous paper (Bull. Math. Biophysics,21, 299–308, 1959), is a rough first approximation to the expressions found now.
- Published
- 1962
43. 'Breathalyzer' faults: principles and practice
- Author
-
Gerald Milner and Ali A. Landauer
- Subjects
Automobile Driving ,business.product_category ,Legislation, Medical ,Punishment ,Ethanol ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Australia ,Poison control ,Legislation ,General Medicine ,Suicide prevention ,Drunken driving ,Drunk drivers ,Accident Prevention ,Law ,Injury prevention ,Psychology ,business ,media_common ,Breathalyzer - Abstract
The use of breath-analysing equipment is now written into much legislation throughout the world. In Australia the type of equipment used is the "Breathalyzer", a brand that has special advantages because of several unique features. This legislation is part of an international attempt to reduce the growing road-toll epidemic, but itself involves many problems. The public right to use the traffic system with safety must be balanced against the individual's right to question in court a charge, essentially one of drunken driving, made against him. "Breathalyzer" legislation tends to make for automatic punishment based on arbitrary standards, and mandatory penalties which often violate the old principle that guilt is not absolute, but has its degrees. Breath-analysing equipment measures blood-alcohol levels (BAL's) only indirectly; if "Breathalyzer" legislation is based on the view that driver-failure is related to a specific minimum BAL, then it should be framed in such a manner as to ensure that there is a negligible chance of an accused person being unjustly found guilty. This may happen because of a discrepancy between breath-alcohol and blood-alcohol levels. Comparative studies in Australia, as well as in other countries, show that "Breathalyzer" readings tend on an average to be lower than the blood-alcohol concentration recorded directly from a specimen of blood taken from a vein in the arm. The usual under-estimation is about 10 mg/100 ml (0.01% BAL), but an occasional over-estimate has been recorded, in one case as much as 28 mg/100 ml (Preston, 1969). In this paper, various aspects of this problem are discussed and some desirable modifications of "Breathalyzer" legislation are suggested.
- Published
- 1971
44. THE PERSONAL EQUATION IN AUTOMOBILE DRIVING
- Author
-
H H Allen and F A Moss
- Subjects
Personal equation ,Psychology ,Automobile driving ,Automotive engineering - Published
- 1925
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