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The article presents information on the principles underlying the indexing system. The backbone of the indexing system is provided by codes for individual terms. The construction of these codes has been developed in such a way that the important aspects of the meanings of terms are rendered explicit and thus made available as reference points for defining and conducting searching operations. The establishment of codes based on semantic analysis has been greatly facilitated by preliminary systematization of the terminology.

This article presents information about the study "The Zator-A Proposal, A Machine Method for Complete Documentation," by Calvin N. Mooers. This study, originally prepared in 1947, sets forth a proposal for a Zator-A machine and system for information retrieval. The Zator-A system does not have the limitations of indexing or classification. For each document or item, a complete delineative set of attributes is chosen in the words of the original article. They are spelled out, in any order, by a suitable cipher such as the Morse telegraphic code on the recording medium.

The article presents the author's views on a Shakespeare cipher in the bible. The author highlighted a local weekly paper, Reveille, which was published in Memphis, Missouri that instructed its reader to take the name Shakespeare and cipher it to the 1611 King James Bible. The author believes that the 1611 translator won't have a major task producing the cipher since the words shake and spear are already in various earlier translations.

The article reports on the remarkable ability of Martin J. Dupraw in writing shorthand accurately and rapidly in Toledo, Ohio. Dupraw, who won permanent possession of the Toledo Bar Association Loving Cup, repeatedly demonstrated his shorthand skills in contests. Two perfect papers was the record established by young Dupraw, a graduate of the high School of Commerce in New York where he learned Gregg Shorthand.

The article discusses a study which examines the possibility that the use of elaborated code by working-class people was a matter of preference rather than inability. Results of the study revealed that working-class people may already have an elaborated code available and the possibility remains that they are only able to use it in writing. The reason for that possibility was due to the fact that intellectual demands of speaking in the elaborated code are too great. Another possibility is that the problem is of transfer rather than learning, and that the educational problem is to influence working-class people to transfer their linguistic skills shown in writing to oral situations.

The article presents the importance of the book "International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" for the nontaxonomists. This code of zoological nomenclature published in 1961 by the International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature is considered as an important tool in zoology particularly the taxonomists. It has been created to help the nontaxonomists who are usually dealing with these terms but abysmally ignorant. The code aims to achieve universality, stability and uniqueness in dealing valid names based on taxa.

Accounting data and procedures impinge upon the National Reform Association (N.R.A.) codes and their administration at a number of points. There is for example, the matter of keeping the books and auditing the accounts of Code Authorities. These bodies, whose precise legal status is still a matter of considerable uncertainty, are permitted to collect in a compulsory manner funds from the members of industries under their guidance, and to spend those funds on the basis of budgets approved by the N.R.A. officials in Washington. Accounting data have been extremely useful in the making and amending of codes. The best example of such aid is the ascertainment of the effect of proposed wage and hour provisions on costs. The N.R.A. appears to the author as a challenge to industrial accounting practitioners to bring into play talents which will begin to act because of a recognition that all business transactions are in reality cost matters finding expression not only in the processes of making goods and marketing goods but also in the processes of capital investment and economic readjustments.

In summary, the CVLP cardiovascular pathology code represents a classification of malfunctions of the heart and peripheral blood vessels designed with a therapeutically oriented axis of approach. Data coded in accordance with this classification may be retrieved on three bases: (1) the functional type of malfunction, (2) the anatomical location and (3) structural lesions. The code has a dual purpose -- its immediate use is to make available by IBM techniques highly specific references to the information of biological response to chemical treatment contained in the medical literature. Its ultimate purpose is to provide data of a very fundamental nature, which may contribute to detailed studies of the possible relationships between biological activity and chemicals with their internal complexities of structure and physical attributes. It is hoped that this classification may find other applications in related fields of documentation. In its present form it is capable of expansion, and additional categories can easily be added to accommodate conditions such as congenital malfunction or inflammatory diseases, which are beyond the scope and definition of the CVLP interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing methods of sorting for all compounds containing a specified chemical group, require ad hoc coding of all such groups; the limitations and disadvantages of these methods are briefly discussed. A new and completely general solution is proposed, using no coding other than the Gordon-Kendall-Davison (GKD) ciphers for the compounds. The Electronic Structural Correlator (ESC) which is proposed for this purpose consists of a high-speed, sequence-controlled electronic digital computer coupled to punched card reading and sorting equipment. The logical and computing programmes for ESC are given in sufficient detail that only simple, logical and arithmetic operations are involved. Such a computer is shown to be somewhat smaller than general-purpose computers and the time required to carry out the various operations is discussed. Average sorting times should be comparable with those of simple accounting type sorters. In addition to sorting for groups, ESC could detect cipher errors (and correct seniority errors), automatically expand contracted forms and carry out computations of additive properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a unique scoring procedure designed by R.N. Ford for Guttman scaling, which represents an insightful advance over the earlier methods. According to Ford, this unique procedure is expected to facilitate the scaling of either few or many items. The key to the technique is that coders assign one score to responses to two or three items. This means that the data needed to describe a scale are reduced by one-half to two-thirds. The consequent reduction in time required for scaling is substantial. The method requires that items should be in the form of dichotomies. In the case of items which are not dichotomous by nature, the author suggests that dichotomies will be arrived by hand scaling a random sample of responses. In a seven-item scale, with items coded in two groups of two each and one group of three, a code score of 123 represents the total response pattern of 01-11-111 and no other. The order in which items are grouped for coding purposes depends on the known or estimated item marginals.