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Presents abstracts related to operations research in military, published in the September 1962 issue of 'Operations Research.' 'Operations Research in Civil Defense,' by Rogers Cannell; 'A Military Planning Game,' by H.P. Hatry and P.R. Lever; 'The War Game as a Methodological Tool,' by E.W. Girard; 'The Role of Operations Research in Planning for Limited War,' by Milton G. Weiner.

The article reports on the vulnerability of United States to atomic attacks of Soviet Union. It is important for the federal government to notify the people of America as to the degree to which they are and will be susceptible as well as the procedures to be done to reduce the vulnerability. In connection to this, research papers are being developed by the Defense Department, Atomic Energy Commission and private groups acting with them. Certain facts on these papers are made available to the public but these papers have been categorized as classified information, in which case the Americans are almost completely unaware of the facts and are not permitted to know. Reports that President Dwight D. Eisenhower is going to deliver an address regarding the issue is a possible first step.

The article discusses the effects of thermonuclear weapon and the technical information needed for civil defense planning in the U.S. According to the author, the type and extent of damage to persons and property are the major requirements of an effective civil defense plan. He suggests to consider the bomb size and the effects of different levels of blast and radiated thermal energy. Moreover, the author cites some preparations which could provide the greatest chance for saving lives and property including warning system, evacuation centers, and first aid training and equipment.

The article focuses on the development of civil defense in relation to American regions. In considering this development this article begins with three assumptions. First, it assumes that civil defense comprises a needed protection for communities during the nuclear age. A second assumption of this paper is that the regional approach to the study of civil defense is a valid, appropriate, and promising one to be used along with other approaches. Thirdly, this paper makes a pair of specific assumptions for practical working purposes, one applying to civil defense, the other to regions. In citing the development of civil defense activities it relies exclusively on the official data of the Federal Civil Defense Administration as published in its annual reports. By this study, authors' concluded that the need for civil defense protection varies considerably in the sense that some regions have far greater urban-industrial concentrations than others, and such concentrations would be expected to be the preferred targets of enemy attack; civil defense activities and accomplishments have also been shown to vary significantly according to regions.

This paper outlines the development of emergency health planning as a function of government. Ten provinces have the basic responsibility for the organization, preparation and operation of medical, nursing, hospital and public health services in an emergency. The Department of National Health and Welfare is responsible for the provision of advice and assistance to the provincial and municipal governments in such matters. Eight provinces have now hired full-time planning staffs to co-ordinate the health planning of the Provincial Departments of Health and Provincial Emergency Measures Organization.Four major programs have been established. The first program provides for the continuity of leadership and guidance by health authorities at the federal, provincial and municipal level. Essential records have been developed and emergency legislation prepared. This program, however, will be of little use unless health services are organized at the municipal level. In this organizational program, advice and assistance have been provided to existing hospitals and departments of health in the conduct of disaster planning. The efforts of these agencies are co-ordinated by municipal health authorities into a community disaster plan. The third program deals with information and education of the general public and the health workers. This program is designed to make the family unit self-sufficient for up to seven days and the health worker prepared to undertake his emergency role. The first three programs are directed to the organization and training of manpower; the fourth program provides the necessary supplies. From the national medical stockpile of $18,000,000, some $12,000,000 has been received, packaged for long-term storage and distributed to regional depots across the country. To ensure their ready availability in time of emergency an agreement has been reached with seven provinces for the release of hospital disaster kits.

The article focuses on the role of a science teacher in home defense. The problem of home defense in the times of modern wars, in target areas where bombs and gas may be expected, is particularly important. People in the U.S. think they are a literate nation and yet they are surrounded with superstition and unfounded fear of wars. Civilian defense agencies have been attempting to organize and instruct people for months. It is here that the job of teachers become so important. Their job is to inform the populace as to how it may take care of itself under conditions never experienced before. Teachers must train the members of their respective communities to fight the fear and panic of war. Science teachers by the very nature of their work can train people in understanding the fight of bombs, gas and fire. In most places, the local, state and national civilian, defense organizations are set up. The general public must understand and appreciate the function, duties and powers of such agencies and cooperate with them.

The article presents a list of books related to civil defense including "The Effects of Nuclear Weapons," edited by S. S. Glasstone, "Performance Specifications for a Sound National Shelter Policy," by W. E. Strope and "Specifications and Costs of a Standardized Series of Fallout Shelters," by W. E. Strope, L. G. Porteous and A. L. Greig.

The article presents a reprint of the study of Soviet civil defense by Joanne L. Gailar which appeared in the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Review. The study states that civil defense in the Soviet Union is a broad-based and well integrated program. The program is endorsed by both the central committee of the Communist party and the Ministry of Defense.

The article focuses on the civil defense proposals in the U.S. Accordingly, it should prove useful to discuss here the wide range of questions civil defense raises concerning our national strategy and the arms interaction process. Perhaps the most far-reaching consequence of a civil defense program might be to pile a civil defense race upon the arms interaction process and thus open up, as it were a new cold war front in an area in which there has been something approaching tacit agreement. There would be an increased risk inherent in adding this new dimension to the arms race. A substantial civil defense program would be inordinately tension heightening because it would involve large scale community action.

The article reports that U.S. President John F. Kennedy has moved to get civil defense out of the doldrums after years of indecision and inaction under the Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower administrations. One final element in the consideration of civil defense and stable deterrence is whether or not the Soviet Union has undertaken the civil defense program. The deterrent effect flows from the fact that shelter and evacuation arrangements would markedly modify a key variable in the strategic calculation of Soviet Union.

The article discusses the impossibility for a country to recover after a nuclear attack. It is stated that aside from the concept of a widespread radioactive contamination, accessibility to food and fuel supplies would also be affected. The remedy lies in storing adequate amounts of essential foods that will be distributed rapidly to people after the attack. A non-military defense is also a powerful deterrent to nuclear attack aside from a strong military action. The author emphasizes the significance of an adequate civilian preparation for a war.

The author reflects on the implications of the Second World War for the future of Americans. He stresses that the domestic support for American military spending is popular despite the outcry against high taxes. In relation to that, He believes that several influential taxpayers do not like government spending particularly for defense. He viewed that orientation towards tangibles, such as the military call hardware, could be have a long range implications for political economy.

The article offers a look on the public hearings relative to civil defense in the U.S. conducted by House subcommittee, headed by Representative Chet Holifield. The author stresses that the immediate purpose of the hearings was to poll opinion on two resolutions which had been referred to the Subcommittee and which addressed with a new organizational structure for civil defense. She believes that the real intent of the inquiry was much more comprehensive and far-reaching. For her, it was an attempt to discover what was being done about civil defense by the federal government.

The article focuses on informing the American people about the possibility of atomic attacks. It should be the President's and not the fifth-rank official's responsibility to tell the people of the possible eventualities of a Russian atomic attack. The only solid endeavor under President Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration addressing atomic attacks is, Project East River. Fear among the American citizens should be eliminated in order for each and everyone to perform their task in civil defense. Instead of protecting their cities, the people should be advised to evacuate and live out in the open to prevent casualties. By doing this, Russian atomic bombs can destroy the cities but not the people.

The article presents a discussion on the dynamics of fire-fighting with emphasis on fire effects of atomic bombs. The author makes a distinction between a conflagration and a fire storm whose difference he cites as the basis for fire-fighting requirements, utilities, and city planning in general in preparation of a nuclear attack. Likewise, civil defense measures should be based on the effects of such attacks. Defense measures should be made in consideration of atomic bomb effects which includes blast effect, radiated heat, and secondary fires.

The article discusses the objectives of the Atomic Energy Act in the United States. The law aims to strengthen national security in all ways and assure civilian control of the security program. It seeks to discover and exploit economic and other peaceful values, and to promote contributions to world peace. It is also intended for fitting the enterprise into the American way. The law creates four agencies including the Atomic Energy Commission, the Military Liaison Committee, the General Advisory Committee and the Joint Congressional Committee.

The article reflects on the measures to decrease the destructive effect of an atomic attack. The author stresses that the interception of bomb carriers can reduce markedly the number of carriers reaching their targets and the evacuation of civilians can attenuate the effect of the attack. Several measures that have been proposed by the group Atomic Scientists of Chicago to address the issue is presented. He asserts that the dispersal of cities serves as an effective means of reducing the consequences of the attack.

An excerpt from a publication on civil defense by the Association of German Scientists is presented.

The article reports on the Pentagon Office of Civil Defense, which will shoulder the primary civil defense responsibility in the U.S. under the leadership of department head, Steuart L. Pittman. The office will train 1,400 government and private personnel to conduct a survey of existing shelters. It will also issue an updated everyman's guide to civil defense, to be sent to every mailing address in the country. It claims that its $93 million existing shelter survey will turn up shelter for 50 million people by December 1962. The interest of the government has been reflected in public concern, particularly on private shelters. The civil defense hearing before the House Military Applications Subcommittee is discussed.

The article discusses the efforts taken by the Dispersion Committee of the Mohawk Association of Scientists and Engineers concerning civil defense activities in New York. The removal of the targets by urban dispersion has been cited as an alternative defense against enemy aircraft carrying hydrogen bomb. The first action taken by the Committee was to obtain more information. They wrote to the U.S. Department of Commerce for information, but in reply received encouragement to initiate a local dispersion survey. A detailed map of the area with the target zone was prepared by one of the Committee using U.S. Geodetic Survey maps and data from the Industrial Directory of New York.

The article reports on the status of civil defense budget. An immense decline in the civil defense budget for District of Columbia in the fiscal year of 1952 and 1953 is noted. This shows that there is a weakening of support for civil defense as danger from enemy attack rises. With limited public funds, civil defense is considered marginal, and because of this, officials answered the question of a workable civil defense with several options including a total close up shop rather than maintaining an operation which intimidates to become a low-grade boondoggle. Another approach is to utilize more effectively the limited public funds provided for civil defense for each state.