22 results
Search Results
2. Comments on a paper by John B. Graham, 'The Relation of Genetics to Control of Human Fertility'
- Author
-
Dudley Kirk
- Subjects
Costa Rica ,Urban Population ,Medicine in Literature ,Optimum population ,Population ,Population control ,Disease Outbreaks ,Food Supply ,History and Philosophy of Science ,Development economics ,Overpopulation ,Medicine ,Population growth ,education ,Population Growth ,Developing Countries ,Social policy ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,General Medicine ,Crowding ,Issues, ethics and legal aspects ,Fertility ,Genetics, Population ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Family planning ,Starvation ,Law ,Family Planning Services ,Population Control ,business ,Environmental Pollution - Abstract
Biologists have often overstated the need for draconian measures to control population growth. The 2 most common fallacious arguments used are that Malthusian disaster is inevitable if long-term extrapolations are made from current growth rates and the assumption that resources are fixed and must invariably be depleted as population grows. It is merely an academic exercise to extrapolate birthrates into the future as they will not continue at high rates for a long period of time. Social and economic circumstances have a way of automatically balancing the birthrate as can be seen in the U.S. and other developed countries. New resources will emerge and population growth does not necessarily mean less available resources. If one looks at history it can be noted that affluence and a maldistributed population are often the culprits of pollution and visible crowding giving the impression of seeming overpopulation. Instead of "population control" we do need to increase family planning services so that people may take advantage of voluntary services.
- Published
- 1972
3. Invitation Extended.
- Subjects
FOREIGN ministers (Cabinet officers) - Published
- 1955
4. The Climate of San Jose.
- Subjects
- SAN Jose (Calif.), LATIN America, COSTA Rica, EL Salvador, MARTIN, Edwin, BETANCOURT, Romulo, 1908-1981
- Published
- 1963
5. The Ash-Covered Capital.
- Subjects
VOLCANIC eruptions -- Environmental aspects ,VOLCANIC eruptions - Published
- 1964
6. Defeat for Castro.
- Subjects
LATIN America-United States relations ,COMMUNISM - Abstract
The article reports on the warning of U.S. Secretary of State Christian Herter to the foreign ministers in Latin America regarding the invasion of communism. It states that Cuban Foreign Minister Raul Roa persuaded the foreign ministers in Costa Rica not to approve the warning from Herter. It mentions that the warning was disapproved but Herter continued to negotiate with the foreign ministers and was eventually victorious.
- Published
- 1960
7. A revision of tabebuia (bignoniaceae) in Central America
- Author
-
Gentry, Alwyn H.
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Taxonomy of barkeria (Orchidaceae)
- Author
-
Thien, L. B. and Dressler, R. L.
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. A taxonomic study of Polymnia (Compositae)
- Author
-
Wells, James R.
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Heterologous Immunity in Human Malaria
- Author
-
Joel E. Cohen
- Subjects
Adult ,Costa Rica ,Cross-Cultural Comparison ,Adolescent ,West Indies ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Taiwan ,India ,Heterologous ,Cross Reactions ,Biology ,Competition (biology) ,Mice ,Immune system ,Species Specificity ,Immunity ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Child ,media_common ,Ecology ,Geography ,Resistance (ecology) ,Altitude ,Vaccination ,Age Factors ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Haplorhini ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Malaria ,Rats ,Trinidad and Tobago ,Child, Preschool ,Splenomegaly ,Immunology ,Egypt ,Seasons ,Plasmodium vivax ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Mixed infection - Abstract
Human hosts exposed to infection are model systems for studying the interactions of parasites with each other and with their environments. This paper uses published epidemiological data to demonstrate an interaction among the species of human malaria that is expected from ecological and evolutionary theory. Under certain circumstances, there are fewer mixed malarial infections in human beings than would be expected if infection with one species of malaria were independent of infection with each other species. This reduction in the number of mixed infections is strongly associated with enlargement of the spleen of the human hosts, and less strongly with situations that stimulate immune responses. Such heterologous resistance is probably best explained as a partial heterologous immunity to malaria in man, since experiments in other mammals have shown that immune mechanisms can eliminate or reduce the level of mixed infections. Though competition among mixed malaria species for nutrients in limited supply in...
- Published
- 1973
11. Numerator analysis of fertility change in Costa Rica: a methodological examination
- Author
-
M, Gómez and J, Reynolds
- Subjects
Adult ,Costa Rica ,Parity ,Fertility ,Adolescent ,Pregnancy ,Humans ,Female ,Middle Aged ,Birth Rate ,Mathematics ,Demography ,Maternal Age - Abstract
This paper examines the "numerator analysis" technique for measuring changes in fertility rates. Analysis of numerators is simply, the collection, tabulation, and interpretation of data about events. The analysis can be of the incidence of events or of the prevelence of events. In this study, data from Costa Rica were used to compare actual trends of rates with trends of numerators. 9 hypotheses were formulated and tested. The propositions were that the following are indicators of trends of fertility rates: 1) the trend of the total number of births, 2) the trend of the median parity of women giving birth, 3) the trend of the percent of all births to women aged 15-19; 4) the trend of the percent of all births that are first births; 5) the trend of the proportion of all births of third or higher parity; 6) the trend of the median age of women giving birth; 7) the trend of the median age of women having a first birth; 8) the charting of median parity by age over time; and 9) the trend of the proportion of "excess births" to all births. All 9 hypotheses were rejected after being tested. The authors concluded that the numerator analysis is not an appropriate alternative to fertility rates for determining trends in fertility. The numerators were found to be insensitive because of the lack of control over fluctuations in the denominators as well as inability to detect changes in the way fertility is controlled.
- Published
- 1973
12. Isthmus of Panama. The Illustrations by H. Warren & Engraved by J. Wrightson. The Map Drawn & Engraved by J. Rapkin.
- Author
-
Martin, R.M., Tallis, J. & F., Rapkin, J., Warren, H., and Wrightson, J.
- Subjects
- Costa Rica, Panama, New York, South America
- Abstract
Outline color map extending from Honduras to the top of New Granada. The proposed railway and canal communications are colored in pink. Inset illustrations include gold seekers on their way over the Cordilleras and the fort at Chagres. Surrounded by a filigree border., Maps by J. Rapkin. The edition without the town plans. Date estimated. This copy has a few pages of the Index/Gazetteer, as issued, almost as a sample of the later edition with the complete gazetteer. Earlier editions have a second title page dated 1851, a view of the Great Pavilion opposite the ornamental title page, and an index sheet titled "Directions to Binder - arrangement of maps" (Huntington Library copy). Maps are hand colored with outline color, and bound in half leather marbled paper covered boards with "Illustrated Atlas" stamped in gilt on the spine., P804., P804-73.
- Published
- 1851
13. Adaptación de la escala de empatía de Bryant, B. (1982) para niños, niñas y adolescentes en Costa Rica / Adaptation of the Bryant, B. index of empathy for children and adolescents (1982) in Costa Rica
- Author
-
Alvarado Calderón Kathia
- Subjects
PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR ,COSTA RICA ,adolescentes ,CHILDREN ,index of empathy ,NIÑOS ,costa rica ,comportamiento prosocial ,ADOLESCENTES ,lcsh:Education (General) ,INDEX OF EMPATHY ,children ,prosocial behavior ,ADOLESCENTS ,índice de empatía ,adolescents ,ÍNDICE DE EMPATÍA ,lcsh:L ,lcsh:L7-991 ,COMPORTAMIENTO PROSOCIAL ,niños ,lcsh:Education - Abstract
Resumen:Este artículo presenta la adaptación de la Escala de Empatía para niños y adolescentes (IECA) de Bryant, B. en su versión al castellano en un grupo de niños y niñas de edad escolar del Cantón de Montes de Oca en San José, Costa Rica. Este instrumento es de auto-reporte y mide la respuesta empática a partir de una serie de enunciados redactados de manera neutra o donde el protagonista de la acción es de sexo femenino o masculino. Los participantes fueron 444 niños y niñas, 232 varones y 212 mujeres, con edades entre 10 y 12 años. Se utilizó el análisis estadístico de los datos para obtener criterios de confiabilidad de los resultados. Este instrumento es de alta divulgación a nivel internacional, pero no así en Costa Rica, de allí la importancia de evaluarlo con población nacional. Con este estudio se confirma que el IECA (versión castellana) es un instrumento confiable en la evaluación de la respuesta empática, de importancia en el desarrollo de comportamientos prosociales, por lo que se recomienda su utilización.Abstract: This paper presents the adaptation of the Scale of Empathy for Children and Adolescents (IECA) Bryant, B. in the Spanish version in a group of children of school age in the canton of Montes de Oca San José, Costa Rica. This instrument is self-reported and measured the empathic response from a series of statements written in a neutral or where the protagonist of the action is female or male. Participants were 444 children, 232 men and 212 women, aged between 10 and 12. Statistical analysis was used to obtain data reliability criteria of the results. This instrument is of high international dissemination, but not in Costa Rica, from there to evaluate the importance of national population. This study confirms that ACE inhibitors (Spanish version) is a reliable tool in the evaluation of the empathic response, important in the development of prosocial behavior, so its use is recommended.
- Published
- 1970
14. Arcillas identificadas en suelos de Costa Rica a nivel generalizado durante el período 1931-2014: I. historia, metodología de análisis y mineralogía de arcillas en suelos derivados de cenizas volcánicas
- Author
-
Alfredo Alvarado, Rafael Mata, and Miguel Chinchilla
- Subjects
Costa Rica ,goethita ,volcanic glass ,amorphous ,smectite ,halloysita ,allophanes ,ferrihydrite ,soil ,tropics ,amorfos ,Arcilla ,goethite ,Allophanes ,halloysite ,gibbsita ,biology ,suelo ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,ferrihidrita ,metahalloysita ,esmectita ,illite ,imogolite ,trópico ,Clay ,Andisol ,gibbsite ,vidrio volcánico ,metahalloysite ,Humanities ,alófanas ,illita ,imogolita ,Geology - Abstract
Se resume la información disponible sobre caracterización de arcillas en suelos de Costa Rica desde 1931 hasta el presente, descrita en 84 trabajos con 520 observaciones hasta el 2014. La discusión se basa principalmente en la mineralogía de arcilla de los horizontes superficiales del suelo, aunque se menciona la mineralogía de los horizontes B cuando ésta es diferente a la de los horizontes A de manera relevante. Después de ubicar los datos puntuales en un mapa del país, se encontró que algunas áreas cuentan con poca o ninguna información (península de Nicoya, Zona Norte y región este de la Cordillera de Talamanca). Para el área restante la información disponible se agrupó por mineralogías de “arcilla dominante”, identificándose las mineralogías: (1) vidrio-amorfo-halloysítica (Andisoles y otros suelos con características ándicas); (2) esmectítica y de arcillas interestratificadas (Vertisoles y otros suelos con características vérticas); (3) óxidos-hidróxidos-oxihidróxidos-caolinita-gibbsita (Alfisoles, Ultisoles y Oxisoles); además deuna serie importante de mineralogías mixtasen suelos de poco o ningún desarrollo edáfico (Entisoles e Inceptisoles). En el texto se discute la génesis (procesos de formación) de los principales tipos de arcilla del país, cuando se contó con suficiente información para ello. Findings in a total of 84 research papers identifying clay minerals on 520 soil samples of Costa Rica are summarized. This review emphasizes on the clay minerals described in the topsoil samples, although clay minerals in the B horizons are also discussed when they are different to predominant mineralogy in the topsoil. Sites where soil clays information is available were geo-referenced, to observe their geographical distribution. In general most of the country possesses soil clays identified, except forthe Nicoya Peninsula, the Northern Zone, and the Eastern Talamanca Range. Clay mineralogy suites (“predominant clay groups”) were group edas: (1) vitrous-amorphous-halloysitic (Andisolsand other soils with andic properties; (2) smectites and interstratified clays (Vertisols and other soils with vertic properties); (3) oxidessita hidroxides-oxihidroxides-kaolinite-gibbsite (Alfisols, Ultisols and Oxisols); Plus a large area of soils with mixed clay mineralogy, found in places with little or no development (Entisols and Inceptisols). The soil clay genesis of the main clay types in the country is discussed when enough information was available.
- Published
- 1969
15. Las creencias sobre obesidad de niños y niñas en edad escolar y las de sus progenitores / Beliefs about obesity of school children with this condition and their parents
- Author
-
Núñez Rivas, Hilda, Campos Saborío, Natalia, Alfaro Mora, Flory Virginia, and Holst Schumacher, Ileana
- Subjects
creencias sobre obesidad ,progenitores ,children ,school ,parents ,costa rica ,niñez ,beliefs about obesity ,escuela - Abstract
El propósito de este artículo es evidenciar, mediante el método etnográfico, las creencias sobre la obesidad de niños y niñas en edad escolar y las de sus progenitores, pertenecientes a una escuela urbana y pública de San José, Costa Rica. Los resultados apuntan hacia las creencias negativas de la niñez respecto a sus pares con obesidad y sus implicaciones psicosociales y afectivas. En relación con los progenitores se señalan las causas y estrategias de control, las implicaciones de la obesidad, referente a enfermedades físicas y emocionales; el papel del hogar y de la escuela en su prevención. Se concluye que los niños y las niñas creen que la obesidad no es una enfermedad, sino una expresión fenotípica, a la cual le dan grado de relatividad o de escala y la consideran no deseable, resultado que concuerda con la de sus progenitores. Las niñas participantes con obesidad expresaron sus posiciones de defensa y molestia, en relación con experiencias burlescas. Al contrario de sus hijos e hijas, la mayoría de los progenitores sí cree que la obesidad es una enfermedad o un problema de salud o de estética. Además, estiman que esta se controla utilizando una dieta saludable y equilibrada, dando consejos sobre las consecuencias físicas y emocionales de la obesidad y ofreciendo modelos de personas saludables. Por lo tanto, los progenitores y el personal docente creen que la escuela poco puede hacer respecto a la alimentación saludable del alumnado, pues el hogar es el lugar que tiene un papel primordial. The purpose of this paper is to unveil beliefs about obesity of school children with this condition and those of their parents, in an urban public school in San Jose, Costa Rica. Ethnography was used to describe and understand, in depth, the beliefs toward children with obesity. The results were: children negative beliefs about obesity, its psychological, social and affective consequences, parents beliefs refer to :causes and consequences of obesity in physical and emotional diseases and the way of controlling obesity in their children, the rol of the family and the school in preventing this sicknesses. The conclusions were: children believe obesity is not sicknesses, but a physical trait, which is not accepted. The obese girls expressed a defensive attitude toward insults related to this condition. The parents believe obesity is a physical trait, undesirable and not accepted. The majority of mothers believe that obesity is a disease that can disappeared as the children grow, but its durability brings problems in their self.-esteem, peers interaction, slowness in movement, chronic diseases. The rol of the school is limited, family comes first.
- Published
- 1970
16. La prueba de aptitud académica de la Universidad de Costa Rica para aplicantes con necesidades especiales: nuevos desarrollos
- Author
-
Aida María Mainieri Hidalgo
- Subjects
Costa Rica ,Universidad ,Scholastic aptitude ,Tests ,Disabled people ,Acceso ,Persona ,lcsh:Education (General) ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Political science ,Discapacidad ,Necesidades educativas especiales ,lcsh:L ,lcsh:L7-991 ,Humanities ,lcsh:Education - Abstract
Este articulo cientifico se desarrolla en el marco de la Investigacion “Reconstruccion teorica e historica de los fundamentos de la Prueba de Aptitud Academica (PAA) de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR)”, desarrollada por el Instituto de Investigaciones Psicologicas (IIP). Se enfoca en aspectos teoricos, metodologicos, tecnicos y practicos que han sustentado su diseno, aplicacion, utilizacion y evaluacion, desde sus inicios a la actualidad. Se refiere, especificamente, el accionar de la UCR en torno a la adecuacion de la PAA, en atencion a Solicitantes con Necesidades Especiales. Se realizo un analisis bibliografico y documental, recurriendo luego a entrevistas abiertas a personas constructoras, disenadoras y expertas, esto sobre principios teorico metodologicos basicamente interpretativos y hermeneuticos. La trayectoria seguida se basa en diferentes normativas que se han dado a nivel mundial, regional, nacional e institucional; asimismo, en atencion a las demandas de condiciones de accesibilidad y equiparacion de oportunidades que se fundamentan en el principio de equidad; este junto al de excelencia academica, rigen la Prueba desde sus inicios. Se definen cuatro momentos clave en el proceso que incorpora la atencion de Necesidades Especiales y la implementacion de adecuaciones de acceso en la PAA: Inicios de la integracion de la Poblacion con Discapacidad, 1970-80; Primeros esfuerzos por brindar atencion a ENEE, 1980-90; Reestructuracion en una Universidad accesible a ENEE, 1990-2000; y Accesibilidad en la PAA e Integracion del Sistema Unificado de Admision a la Educacion Superior Publica, del 2000 a la fecha. Al mismo tiempo, se asevera la inclusion progresiva de ENEE y sus alcances, con el aporte de datos significativos. This scientific paper is developed in the framework of the Research "Reconstruction of historical and theoretical foundations of the Scholastic Aptitude Test of the UCR," developed by the IIP, the CP-PAA. It focuses on theoretical, methodological, technical and practical that have underpinned their design, implementation, use and evaluation, from its beginnings to the present. It refers, specifically, the actions of the UCR about the adequacy of the PAA in response to applicants with special needs. We performed a literature review and documentary, using open interviews after their builders, designers and experts, this basically theoretical and methodological principles of interpretation and hermeneutics. The trajectory is based on different regulations that have global, regional, national and institutional levels also in response to the demands of accessibility conditions and equal opportunities which are based on the principle of equity, this together with that of academic excellence, governing the test since its inception. It identifies four key moments in the process of incorporating the care of special needs and implementing appropriate access in the PAA: Early Integration of Disabled People, 1970-80; first efforts to provide care for ENEE, 1980 - 90; Restructuring in an accessible ENEE University, 1990-2000; and Accessibility in the PAA and Integration Unified Admission to public higher education from 2000 to date. It also asserts the progressive inclusion of ENEE and its scope, with the support of meaningful data.
- Published
- 1970
17. The Curriculum of the School of Special Education with Emphasis in Integration: a View from the Graduates
- Author
-
Ana Lucía Chaves Alvarez, Sylvia Segura Esquivel, Ana Isabel Herrera Castro, Heidy León Arce, Lilliam Susana Ruiz Guevara, and Ana María Hernández Segura
- Subjects
Costa Rica ,Formación de personal ,Educación especial ,Inclusión educativa ,Persona ,lcsh:Education (General) ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Key informants ,Discapacidad ,Special educational needs ,Curriculum ,Sociology ,lcsh:L ,lcsh:L7-991 ,Humanities ,lcsh:Education ,Profesor - Abstract
El objetivo principal del articulo es presentar la valoracion que hacen los egresados de la carrera de Educacion Especial acerca del Plan de Estudios, para establecer relaciones con planteamientos de este documento y otras fuentes que se enmarcan en la fundamentacion misma del Plan. Uno de los actores e informantes claves de estos procesos es un grupo de egresados de la carrera, quienes en este caso particular hacen una valoracion de su proceso de formacion docente, tomando en consideracion aspectos tales como: desempeno laboral y habilidades desarrolladas, valores y actitudes, formacion teorica-practica recibida, asi como contenidos adquiridos y desempeno profesional, todos aspectos contemplados en el Plan de Estudios de la Carrera.Participo un total de 31 egresados, graduados del periodo 2006-2009 y se utilizo un cuestionario que consta de 55 items. Las principales conclusiones del estudio evidencian que los egresados deben participar en espacios de consulta, los cuales les permitan fortalecer sus procesos reflexivos. En este sentido, los egresados valoran que la atencion de poblaciones diversas, la actitud de disposicion y la sensibilidad ante las diferencias que poseen las personas con necesidades educativas especiales son las tres habilidades desarrolladas durante su proceso de formacion y que adquieren mayor trascendencia en el quehacer de su profesion. Desde la perspectiva de los egresados, la formacion en valores es una de las fortalezas que tiene el Plan de Estudios de la carrera, lo cual permite asegurar que la dimension del ser persona es de vital importancia para el desarrollo de la profesion docente. The aim of the paper is to present the valuation made by graduates of the race on the Special Education Curriculum, to establish relationships with approaches of this document and other sources that fall under the same rationale of the Plan. One of the stakeholders and key informants from these processes are graduates of the race, who in this particular case make an assessment of their teacher training process, taking into account aspects such as job performance and developed skills, values and attitudes, training received theoretical and practical, and acquired content and professional performance, all aspects covered in the curriculum of the Career. Involving a total of 31 graduates, graduates of the 2006-2009 period and used a questionnaire consisting of 55 itmes. The main conclusions of the study show that graduates should be involved in consultation spaces, which allow them to strengthen their thought processes. In this sense the graduates valued the attention of diverse populations, the attitude of willingness and sensitivity to the differences that have people with special educational needs are the three skills developed in their training process they acquire greater significance in the work of their profession. Moreover, from the perspective of graduates, the teaching of values is one of the strengths that have the Curriculum of the race, which ensures that the dimension of being a person is of vital importance for the development of the profession teachers.
- Published
- 1970
18. El papel de la autoría en la mediación del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las unidades didácticas de la educación a distancia
- Author
-
Patricia Gómez-Figueroa
- Subjects
Costa Rica ,autor ,Distance education ,estrategia didáctica ,lcsh:Education (General) ,author ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,educación a distancia ,distance learning ,distance education ,unidad didáctica ,Sociology ,instructional unit ,lcsh:L ,lcsh:L7-991 ,Teaching learning ,Humanities ,teaching strategy ,lcsh:Education - Abstract
Resumen: En este artículo se analiza el papel de la autoría en los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje en la escritura de las unidades didácticas a distancia. Se presentan las definiciones de educación a distancia, sus fundamentos y cómo es la elaboración de unidades didácticas realizadas en la Dirección de Producción de Materiales Didácticos de la UNED. Para esta investigación, se entrevistó a 27 personas autoras internas y externas de la UNED y a 10 personas productoras académicas con el fin de analizar el conocimiento del autor universitario y su aplicación en la escritura científica de los materiales impresos de la UNED. Se concluye que el éxito de los aprendizajes del estudiantado de educación a distancia, mediante las unidades didácticas impresas, es gracias al conocimiento del autor y autora de su propia disciplina y a su habilidad para transmitirlo por medio de diferentes estrategias didácticas (actividades de aprendizaje, preguntas insertadas, ilustraciones, organizadores, redes semántica y, mapas conceptuales, entre otros) que garanticen el alcance de los objetivos de aprendizaje propuestos para cada curso.Abstract: This paper analyzes the role of authorship in the teaching-learning process in the writing of distance learning units. It presents distance education bases, how to do distance education and how is the development of teaching units made in the Department of Instructional Materials Production of UNED. To perform this research, 27 authors (internal and external) and 10 publishers of UNED were interviewed to analyze the author's knowledge university and its application in scientific writing of printed materials at the UNED. It concludes that the success of student learning in distance education, throughout teaching units printed, is thanks to the author's knowledge of their own discipline and their ability to share it using different teaching strategies (learning activities, inserted questions, illustrations, organizers, semantic network and concept maps, etc.), in order to ensure the scope of learning objectives for each course.
- Published
- 1970
19. La prueba de aptitud académica de la Universidad de Costa Rica para aplicantes con necesidades especiales: nuevos desarrollos / The academic aptitude test university of Costa Rica for applicants with special needs: new developments
- Author
-
Mainieri Hidalgo Aida María
- Subjects
adecuaciones de acceso ,APPROPRIATE ACCESS ,PRUEBA DE APTITUD ACADÉMICA ,equidad ,EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR ,COSTA RICA ,ESTUDIANTES CON NECESIDADES EDUCATIVAS ESPECIALES (ENEE) ,educación superior ,costa rica ,ADECUACIONES DE ACCESO ,lcsh:Education (General) ,SCHOLASTIC APTITUDE TEST ,EQUIDAD ,prueba de aptitud académica ,ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE ,EQUITY ,lcsh:L ,lcsh:L7-991 ,STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS (ENEE) ,HIGHER EDUCATION ,lcsh:Education ,estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales (enee) - Abstract
Resumen:Este artículo científico se desarrolla en el marco de la Investigación “Reconstrucción teórica e histórica de los fundamentos de la Prueba de Aptitud Académica (PAA) de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR)”, desarrollada por el Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIP). Se enfoca en aspectos teóricos, metodológicos, técnicos y prácticos que han sustentado su diseño, aplicación, utilización y evaluación, desde sus inicios a la actualidad. Se refiere, específicamente, el accionar de la UCR en torno a la adecuación de la PAA, en atención a Solicitantes con Necesidades Especiales. Se realizó un análisis bibliográfico y documental, recurriendo luego a entrevistas abiertas a personas constructoras, diseñadoras y expertas, esto sobre principios teórico metodológicos básicamente interpretativos y hermenéuticos. La trayectoria seguida se basa en diferentes normativas que se han dado a nivel mundial, regional, nacional e institucional; asimismo, en atención a las demandas de condiciones de accesibilidad y equiparación de oportunidades que se fundamentan en el principio de equidad; este junto al de excelencia académica, rigen la Prueba desde sus inicios. Se definen cuatro momentos clave en el proceso que incorpora la atención de Necesidades Especiales y la implementación de adecuaciones de acceso en la PAA: Inicios de la integración de la Población con Discapacidad, 1970-80; Primeros esfuerzos por brindar atención a ENEE, 1980-90; Reestructuración en una Universidad accesible a ENEE, 1990-2000; y Accesibilidad en la PAA e Integración del Sistema Unificado de Admisión a la Educación Superior Pública, del 2000 a la fecha. Al mismo tiempo, se asevera la inclusión progresiva de ENEE y sus alcances, con el aporte de datos significativos.Abstract: This scientific paper is developed in the framework of the Research "Reconstruction of historical and theoretical foundations of the Scholastic Aptitude Test of the UCR," developed by the IIP, the CP-PAA. It focuses on theoretical, methodological, technical and practical that have underpinned their design, implementation, use and evaluation, from its beginnings to the present. It refers, specifically, the actions of the UCR about the adequacy of the PAA in response to applicants with special needs. We performed a literature review and documentary, using open interviews after their builders, designers and experts, this basically theoretical and methodological principles of interpretation and hermeneutics. The trajectory is based on different regulations that have global, regional, national and institutional levels also in response to the demands of accessibility conditions and equal opportunities which are based on the principle of equity, this together with that of academic excellence, governing the test since its inception. It identifies four key moments in the process of incorporating the care of special needs and implementing appropriate access in the PAA: Early Integration of Disabled People, 1970-80; first efforts to provide care for ENEE, 1980 - 90; Restructuring in an accessible ENEE University, 1990-2000; and Accessibility in the PAA and Integration Unified Admission to public higher education from 2000 to date. It also asserts the progressive inclusion of ENEE and its scope, with the support of meaningful data.
- Published
- 1970
20. El papel de la autoría en la mediación del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en las unidades didácticas de la educación a distancia / The role of the author in the mediation process in teaching-learning teaching units of distance education
- Author
-
Gómez Figueroa, Patricia
- Subjects
author ,educación a distancia ,distance learning ,autor ,unidad didáctica ,estrategia didáctica ,costa rica ,instructional unit ,teaching strategy - Abstract
En este artículo se analiza el papel de la autoría en los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje en la escritura de las unidades didácticas a distancia. Se presentan las definiciones de educación a distancia, sus fundamentos y cómo es la elaboración de unidades didácticas realizadas en la Dirección de Producción de Materiales Didácticos de la UNED. Para esta investigación, se entrevistó a 27 personas autoras internas y externas de la UNED y a 10 personas productoras académicas con el fin de analizar el conocimiento del autor universitario y su aplicación en la escritura científica de los materiales impresos de la UNED. Se concluye que el éxito de los aprendizajes del estudiantado de educación a distancia, mediante las unidades didácticas impresas, es gracias al conocimiento del autor y autora de su propia disciplina y a su habilidad para transmitirlo por medio de diferentes estrategias didácticas (actividades de aprendizaje, preguntas insertadas, ilustraciones, organizadores, redes semántica y, mapas conceptuales, entre otros) que garanticen el alcance de los objetivos de aprendizaje propuestos para cada curso. This paper analyzes the role of authorship in the teaching-learning process in the writing of distance learning units. It presents distance education bases, how to do distance education and how is the development of teaching units made in the Department of Instructional Materials Production of UNED. To perform this research, 27 authors (internal and external) and 10 publishers of UNED were interviewed to analyze the author's knowledge university and its application in scientific writing of printed materials at the UNED. It concludes that the success of student learning in distance education, throughout teaching units printed, is thanks to the author's knowledge of their own discipline and their ability to share it using different teaching strategies (learning activities, inserted questions, illustrations, organizers, semantic network and concept maps, etc.), in order to ensure the scope of learning objectives for each course.
- Published
- 1970
21. Child-feeding practices and the influence of educational level and mass media in Costa Rica
- Author
-
G, Zaltman, J, Altwood, and G, Carrillo
- Subjects
Costa Rica ,Infant ,Newspapers as Topic ,Rural Health ,Articles ,Nutrition Surveys ,Radio ,Child, Preschool ,Educational Status ,Humans ,Female ,Television ,Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Health Education - Abstract
This paper reports the results of a survey of child-feeding practices and related social phenomena in Costa Rica, a country representative of many maturing, less developed nations. The data were collected for use in developing a remedial nutrition programme and to provide a basis for a later evaluation of that programme.The results show that child-feeding practices are in need of improvement, particularly among mothers with relatively little formal education and especially during the first year of life and during periods of sickness. More mothers, regardless of their educational level, should be encouraged to breast-feed and to do so for longer periods. The data also showed a need to improve the general health environment in large families as a means of reducing infant mortality, especially when the mother is relatively uneducated. Radio is a particularly promising channel of health communication, especially for the relatively uneducated. Ways in which mass communications media could be used for health education should be explored.
- Published
- 1971
22. BOLETIN NUMERO CATORCE MINISTERIO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES.
- Subjects
PRESS releases ,NICARAGUAN diplomatic & consular service ,COSTA Rican diplomatic & consular service - Published
- 1955
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