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There is mounting evidence that the programs and services essential to provide adequately for the educational needs of the nation will necessitate a broader and more demanding education structure than ever before. Specialists in many educational areas were asked to identify the characteristics of educational structure in relation to the achievement of established goals that would be essential to provide necessary and desirable programs. After having assessed the available research, reviewed the literature, and secured the empirical judgment of knowledgeable leaders and administrators in their respective fields of specialization, these specialists submitted 54 position papers to the Great Plains School District Organization Project. Fifteen of these papers have been reproduced in this publication. It is hoped that these contributions will be used as starting points for further study, analysis, and utilization by those who seek to develop a system of school organization that will make possible comprehensive and equitable educational opportunities for all children, particularly those in the State of Nebraska. A related document is EA 022 608. (Author)

Demographic surveys and data could be used to assess programs and policies directly and indirectly concerned with the reduction of poverty, and, through the use of such survey data, to point to a number of population subgroupings which are or are not moving out of poverty. Annually collected Census Bureau facts, the basis of much of the analysis presented in this paper, can be used to make more intelligent program-decision progress in the war against poverty. These facts, organized in terms of age, family status and size, race, sex, region, work experience and occupations, etc., must have several of these variables combined in order to be practicable. Tables reporting age differences only, or white-nonwhite differences only, for example, tend to contribute spurious information for operating purposes. Furthermore such data must be studied in the form of time trends in order to detect degrees of progress for specific population categories. Topics covered in this paper include Special Hard-Core Poverty Groups, The Social Geography of Poverty, Family Size, and The Search for Causes and Solutions. (CH)

Each of the eight papers in this volume deals with a major problem affecting American children today. The papers are: "Background Paper on Minority Children and Youth"; "Background Paper on Special Programs for Handicapped Children and Youth"; "Background Paper on Juvenile Delinquency"; "Jobs for Youth"; "Day Care and Preschool Services: Trends in the 1960's and Issues for the 1970's"; "Background Paper on Health"; "Population Change in the United States and the Development of Family Planning Services"; and "Background Paper on Food and Nutrition." (DB)

Staff Issue Papers for the Secretary of State's Advisory Committee on the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm, Sweden, are summarized in this compendium. Papers developed by the various sub-committees are included for: (1) institutional arrangements; (2) development and the environment; (3) human settlements; (4) educational, social, and cultural aspects of environmental problems; (5) control of pollutants and muisances of broad international significance; and (6) environmental aspects of natural resources management. The reports represent an effort to suggest the scope and depth of discussions anticipated at the Conference. Topical areas and major issues are reviewed to provide insight for developing and implementing action recommendations. (BL)

In this paper, trends in the occupational mobility of black and white men are compared. Emphasis was placed upon the effects of occupational origins on the changing occupation distributions of blacks and whites and with the possibility of convergence between the occupational mobility of blacks and whites. It was found that there has been some degree of convergence from 1962 to 1970 in the occupational distribution, due mainly to racial differences in changing effects of first occupation on current occupations. (DM)

This working paper is an overview of the status of population education in early 1972. It is defined as a program which provides for a study of the population situation of the family, community, nation and world, with the purpose of developing in the students rational and responsible attitudes and behavior toward that situation. It is independent of sex education, family life education, and environmental education; related in the sense that each developed as a result of social change and social needs. The approach and attitudes to population education has a recent history, but the real concern in some nations has provided the impetus to develop various programs. An examination of programs in several countries shows difficulties encountered and reveals varied approaches. National attitudes and support, non-flexible and established educational programs, out-of-school influences (as from religious groups), medical programs, and educators all have had effects on a given nation's efforts, both negative and positive. Integration into existing curriculum is a common approach, with educators being charged with the responsibility. An international approach through an agency such as UNESCO could provide unifying aspects among countries and eliminate duplication of effort. Proper population education should enable each student to make an individual and responsible decision regarding family planning. (Author/JMB)

Acquisitions of the Carolina Population Center Library, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, are indexed in this bibliographic source. Topics deal with birth control and contraception, demography, family planning, health, population factors, social welfare, and related subjects. Section 1 is a list of books, monographs, general research reports, and conference proceedings, arranged by author. Section 2 is an author listing of articles, papers, and reprints recently added to the Library's reprint files. Section 3 is a "scanning sheet" or monthly index of selected articles appearing in 17 periodicals received by the Library. Section 4 is a catalog of area files, inventorying a variety of materials specific to foreign countries. A subject index is appended to each of the last three sections. (BL)

Acquisitions of the Carolina Population Center Library, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, are indexed in this bibliographic source. Topics deal with birth control and contraception, demography, family planning, health, population factors, social welfare, and related subjects. Section 1 is a list of books, monographs, general research reports, and conference proceedings, arranged by subject. Section 2 is an author listing of articles, papers, and reprints recently added to the Library's reprint files. Section 3 is a catalog of area files, inventorying a variety of materials specific to foreign countries. Section 4 is a "scanning sheet" or monthly index of selected articles appearing in 14 periodicals received by the Library. A subject index is appended to each of the last three sections. (BL)

Acquisitions of the Carolina Population Center Library, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, are indexed in this bibliographic source. Topics deal with birth control and contraception, demography, family planning, health, population factors, social welfare, and related subjects. Section 1 is a list of books, monographs, general research reports, and conference proceedings, arranged by subject. Section 2 is an author listing of articles, papers, and reprints recently added to the Library's reprint files. Section 3 is a catalog of area files, inventorying a variety of materials specific to foreign countries. Section 4 is a "scanning sheet" or monthly index of selected articles appearing in 22 periodicals received by the Library. A subject index is appended to each of the last three sections. (BL)

Acquisitions of the Carolina Population Center Library, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, are indexed in this bibliographic source. Topics deal with birth control and contraception, demography, family planning, health, population factors, social welfare, and related subjects. Section 1 is a list of books, monographs, general research reports, and conference proceedings, arranged by subject. Section 2 is an author listing of articles, papers, and reprints recently added to the Library's reprint files. Section 3 is a catalog of area files, inventorying a variety of materials specific to foreign countries. Section 4 is a "scanning sheet" or monthly index of selected articles appearing in 23 periodicals received by the Library. A subject index is appended to each of the last three sections. (BL)

Thirty-nine individuals from 20 countries in the Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) took part in a twelve-day seminar. Ten papers dealing with the ways in which demography factors relate to manpower were presented. The seminar's three objectives were to provide an opportunity for exchange of information, knowledge, and experience among personnel whose activities involve them in the interrelations between population and manpower problems; to examine the impact of population growth on manpower, labor force, and employment needs, with special reference to countries in the region; and to give expert consideration to techniques of assessing, analyzing, and interpreting data on the interrelations between population and manpower problems in the context of development planning. It was condluded that population and manpower policies whould be comprehensive and encompass specific aspects of the region. Allowances should be made for flexibility and possible inconsistencies; and programs should be the subject of continuing analysis, assessment, and evaluation. (AG)

This is one of a series of 13 United Nations reports concerning population and its effects in East Asian, Middle and Southeast Asian, and Oceanic countries. Three seminars had been conducted to assist these countries in formulating development plans, taking into account demographic, social, and economic factors. Part I of this report is a summary of a seminar that dealt with the relation of population change to other factors such as family, housing, food, health, social mobility, education, labor force, social security, and transportation and communication. Part II contains 19 selected papers presented at the seminar on the above topics. (LS)

This paper represents part of a comprehensive study of the existing New York State school support formulae. The report consists of (1) analysis of the 1969 State revenue increases -- wage increases and inflation, expansion of State and local government services, property tax relief, and increased annual revenue needs; (2) explication of factors affecting property tax rate disparities -- population migration trends, increasing length of schooling for individuals, changing composition of the work force, and differences among suburban communities; and (3) discussion of taxation alternatives -- growth in property tax base, growth in income and sales tax bases, and an integrated income property sales tax proposal. A 28-item bibliography is appended. (DE)

In spite of increasingly effective anti-discrimination laws and a reduction in the educational differential between blacks and whites, the rapid economic progress made by Negroes in the 1940's and early 1950's has not continued. This study finds evidence that labor market adjustments and population changes are major factors. The labor market distortions of World War II induced the northward migration of many unskilled blacks, who were later displaced by white farm workers when technological change forced many workers out of agriculture. Decentralization of manufacturing and migration to the suburbs further isolated urban blacks from employment opportunities. Compounded by a Negro population explosion, the employment problems of young blacks are expected to continue or even worsen. A review of existing poverty and employment programs points out the need for a comprehensive policy of manpower development without reliance on any single policy. (BH)

The document has 3 goals (1) to examine the distribution of economic benefits of industrial development as reflected by the concept of competition in human ecology; (2) to provide an empirical test of the ecological model, and (3) to relate the findings to public policy. Two Illinois study areas were identified. First, as an experimental region, Putnam County and bordering sections of the 3 contiguous counties were selected. Second, a comparable region across the state--Iroquois County--was selected as a control region. Both regions: (1) are about equidistant from Chicago, (2) had similar highway and railway systems in 1966, and (3) were rural agricultural counties similar in demographic composition. In 1966, 1,171 household heads were interviewed in the experimental region, and 411 in the control region. Five years later, after the industrial plant had beenin operation, 1,166 persons in the experimental region were interviewed and 399 in the control region. Findings are presented in 5 tables and are summarized--e.g., Table 1 presents gross and net effects on income of each category of competitive capacity. (FF)

The primary objective of this project was to produce a suggested plan for promoting and guiding the development and expansion of occupational education in Oregon high schools and community colleges. To achieve the major objective, special task force groups were assembled to work on specific aspects of the total project: labor market data, curriculum articulation, curriculum coordination, and open enrollment relations. Task force reports on labor market data and on curriculum articulation are included in this document. The task force groups included representatives from high schools, community colleges, the Oregon Board of Education, Oregon State University, and the State Employment Service. The plan must ultimately provide for articulation of occupational preparatory curriculums from the senior high school to specialized vocational-technical preparation in the community colleges; for coordination and distribution of occupational preparatory curriculums among community colleges; and for operation of student services that promote effective development of human resources and efficient utilization of physical resources. (CH)

The results of an effort to develop a body of internally consistent economic data which facilitate comparison of the population, housing, employment, and income characteristics of 56 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas with a population of over 500,000 are reported in this publication. Part of a continuing research program on local government finances, the report was designed to fill some important gaps and provide the basis for future research efforts in this area. Development of a consistent data system required selection of a manageable number of the most relevant areas from among the current total of 231 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas, and adaptation of an extensive system of basic data for each of these by means of classification and coverage which permit internal comparison and, at the same time, provide historic continuity. The data include information, sometimes as current as 1967, covering the general topics: (1) location and types of major metropolitan areas, (2) population, (3) land, (4) population densities and housing, (5) employment size, composition, and trends, and (6) income and wages. Detailed information by area is given in 13 statistical tables, permitting easy comparison on any factor between the various urbanized areas. (ET)

Educational, medical, and other services in rural areas have been undergoing a consolidation and centralization process to bring about more efficient operation. A research project sponsored by the United Methodist Church was designed to assess the position of the church as a decentralized unit in a small community relative to its leadership responsibility and its assumption of that responsibility within its community. This two-volume document contains 14 research studies designed to measure the economic and social structure of 3 small Indiana communities. Demographic data are presented and methods of inquiry and measurement are explained. Appendices provide census data and examples of the instruments used in the study. (DK)

Acquisitions of the Carolina Population Center Library, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, are indexed in this bibliographic source covering the period September, 1971 to January, 1972. Topics deal with birth control and contraception, demography, family planning, health population factors, social welfare, and related subjects. Section 1 is a list of books, monographs, general research reports, and conference proceedings arranged by subject. Section 2 is an author listing of articles, papers, and reprints recently added to the Library's reprint files. Section 3 is a catalog of area files, inventorying a variety of materials specific to foreign countries. Section 4 is a "scanning sheet" or monthly index of selected articles appearing in periodicals received by the Library. Subject terms, used in indexing all library acquisitions, are noted for each entry. [Not available in hardcopy due to marginal legibility of original document.] (BL)

Growing action for population programs has directed attention to the question of whether there is sufficient manpower trained to direct and operate such programs. This study was undertaken to provide estimates of training and manpower requirements for population-related activities. Emphasis is placed primarily on the operation and development of training programs and institutions for population and family planning. The field is broad and multidisciplinary, and investments in training programs and institutions require careful phasing and long-term commitments. The problem of population and family planning implies a series of value judgments which lead to estimates of need rather than demand. This report focuses on the training requirements needed to augment the supply of professionals and paraprofessionals to meet anticipated needs in population studies and family planning administration, research, and training programs in the United States. Two major groups of individuals involved in population programs are demographers and population specialists. These programs also require persons from various medical and social science areas. Estimated manpower needs and training programs and requirements are detailed in this report. (MF)

This paper summarizes a Great Plains School District Organization Project publication, People, Places, Perspectives: the Great Plains States, which was concerned with the demographic characteristics of the Midwest and their implications for educational planners. The author suggests that the challenges facing educational planners in the Midwest, as well as in most sections of the country, are multitudinous. With sizable increases in urban populations, declining rural and small city populations, great variances in the density distribution, substantial out-migration, and a rapidly changing age composition, the task of describing an organizational structure to provide for optimum educational opportunities becomes difficult and complex. Only through a comprehensive Statewide assessment and the resulting readjustment of all structural components in concourse will the type of organizational structure emerge that is so direly needed in the Midwest today. (Author/JH)