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Comments on articles about diffusion of technology. Information on the economic transformation of Manchuria, China; Economic and non-economic factors in technology diffusion.

The iron and steel manufacturing apparatus in mainland China has been developed through several major stages, each of which manifests a distinctive pattern underlined by certain overriding factors. From the embryonic period at the turn of this century to World War II, transportation, capital availability, and market condition were alternately the chief determinant in the location of this industry. Since the Communist take-over and through the various construction and expansion programs, particularly as a result of the development of new resources, a new pattern has taken shape which tends to guide the future growth of this industry. This paper offers a locational analysis of the major nuclei in the emerging pattern and their effect upon the development of the secondary centers in the various regions of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of official and Western estimates of China's national income for the period since 1949 are at present available. The official estimates are based on the Marxian production concept while the Western estimates are, in the main, based on the comprehensive production concept. The periods covered by the estimates vary; and even in cases where the periods covered are the same, the estimates vary in magnitude and, in most cases, in the implied rate of economic growth. Apart from differences arising from the different national income concepts and definitions employed in individual estimates, sources of discrepancies between series of estimates can be traced to the particular sets of primary data employed and also to the particular procedures followed in estimating the national income components. The present paper brings together the various estimates available to date and indicates for each, as far as possible, the basic production concept adopted, the particular national income aggregates estimated, the basic estimation approach employed, and the special procedures used for estimating some of the components of national income. Comparisons of the major series of estimates for the period 1952-1959 are made and the sources of disrepancies between the series are discussed. Finally, some problems are described which a researcher in the West has to contend with in working on China's national income accounting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on the impact of Cultural Revolution on the economy of China. He assessed that the Revolution could be considered as a temporary interruption to the development programs of the country. High labor-to-land ratio led to the adoption of labor-intensive production methods causing high yields per unit of land but low yields per man. He argued that it disrupted the transportation of inputs and controlled the agricultural sector though no intervention has been done within the sector.

This article presents a list of papers related to mining, manufacturing and construction. Some of the papers are "Postwar status of the aircraft industry," by W.A.M.Burden; "Mineral resources of China, with special reference to the nonferrous metals," by K-P Wang and "Wartime development of the aircraft industry."

Examines the economic development of Manchuria, China between 1860 and 1960. Types of development patterns; Economic benefits of industrialization.

The article presents a reference guide for China. Names of publishers of books and the addresses of periodicals are provided to aid readers. Listings include only basic material, not news items or reports of transitory significance. "The Experiment That is Shaking Communist China" is analysis of China's commune system. In "Red China Beckons Its Neighbors," by Albert Ravenholt, Filippino visitors to China report on industry, agriculture, economics and politics there. In "A Note on Statistical Techniques in Communist China," by Sidney Klein, the weaknesses and strengths of statistical methods used and data published by Communist China are analyzed. In "Production and Organization in China," Douglas Sun types of factory administration and organization of the manufacturing processes are discussed. "Car-Hungry Russians Yield to Export Push" is a report on Russian entry into exporting cars and on the auto industry and market at home. "An Index of Soviet Construction, 1927/28 to 1955," by Raymond P. Powell, is a statistical analysis of cost changes in an important sector of the Soviet economy.

The article discusses problems of economic growth in the poorer nations that became a major foreign policy concern of the wealthy and powerful nations of the world. The relative progress in the development of the two countries, India and China, is of great significance. There were strong parallels in their preplan structure and strong contrasts between China's totalitarian and India's democratic programs. Their performance relative to one another may influence the programs adopted by other, now less advanced, countries. It will certainly bear upon the United States and Soviet foreign policies. Furthermore, the record of the course of development in these two lands provides a unique opportunity for examining the process of development as such. Structural unemployment, underutilized resources, overurbanization, nonmonetized savings and investment flows-these are illustrative of the types of problems that must be understood and treated if there are to be steady output gains in most of today's underdeveloped areas.

Focuses on the industrial development during the pre-Communist period in Mainland China. Characteristics of the economy in Communist China; Industrialization in the country; Economic significance of industrial development.

The article focuses on communist China's economic growth. The purpose of this article is to throw light on communist China's asserted economic growth by comparing it with that of the Republic of China, Hong Kong, and Japan. This is not to minimize in any way the Indian development, which has been rapid during the Nineteen Fifties and which has given very encouraging evidence to Asia of what can be accomplished with free institutions. It is merely an attempt to put Communist China's claimed economic progress back into focus. It should be emphasized that this article does not intend to analyze how effective the Chinese communists have been in improving their military potential even though this appears to be a primary aim of their economic policy. Instead this report intends to outline an approach for analyzing the relative effectiveness of the Chinese communist system in promoting economic growth; it is this latter question that appears to be most hotly debated. It appears that many analysts are convinced that just because a regime can hold down consumption, theoretically it should, therefore, be promoting a large volume of sound investment and a huge growth potential.