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This paper reports the findings of a study that related a series of background and treatment variables to the likelihood of success or failure on probation for 791 California adult offenders. Thirteen variables on which the 415 probation successes and the 376 failures differed significantly were divided into three categories: social background, antisocial behavior, and conditions of probation. The greatest differences between the two groups were in the antisocial behavior category. Probationers with a past history of disciplinary problems in the military, a juvenile record, or an adult record were much more likely to fail on probation. The type of crime the failures commit (property: auto theft, check offenses, forgery) suggests elements of career offenders. In terms of social background, the failures were more likely to come from disadvantaged circumstances: lower educational level and lower socio-economic status. They are also more unstable, as reflected in a high incidence of marital instability and a greater tendency to move from job to job. Finally, certain conditions of probation, especially the ordering of restitution, were more prevalent in the case histories of the failures than of the successes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the cost-effectiveness of a specialized geriatric program in a California mental hospital by analyzing the movement of patients into, through, and out of the program. The procedure for modelling the patients' movements between states with a Markov chain is detailed and the results analyzed. First passage times, long-term trends, and stay times until death are derived as well as the associated costs the hospital must endure. Lastly, ways to simulate the effect of possible program modifications are illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on studies related to labor and industrial relations by research staff of the Institute of Industrial Relations at the University of California in Los Angeles, California in 1966. The research staff continues work in industrial relations and related areas such as socioeconomic problems of minority groups, unemployment and poverty. Benjamin Aaron is conducting a study that will focus on labor-court systems in England, France, Germany, Italy and Sweden and private labor arbitration in the U.S. Irving Bernstein continues his work on the second volume of "A History of the American Workers As a Successor to the Lean Years." Paul Prasow and Fred Massarik are involved in a research project on automated and non-automated job patterns of skilled workers in the aircraft industry in Los Angeles, California.

The article cites a study which examines the frequency of error obtain in a test. The purpose of the study was to find out how often errors exist in various combinations and how the combinations organized. The study was based on the data collected by the researchers in the grammar schools in San Jose California regarding the reliability of the standard score as a measure of additional ability. The errors of the 238 papers coming from the students in the investigation was studied and analyzed. Tabulation method was used in the listing of error. The result indicates that there was an erratic distribution in one or two distributions and that the number of errors increases as the number of combination increases.

The effects of occupational situs and socio-economic level (measured by income and education) on subjective class identification and political party affiliation are examined. The data represent a secondary analysis of interview materials collected in four San Francisco census tracts in 1953. The findings indicate a positive relationship between socio-economic level and identification with middle class. Similarly, those in higher positions tend to affiliate with the Republican party. Individuals in the Finance and Records and Commerce situses tend to see themselves as middle class and favor the Republican party, while those in Manufacturing and Building and Maintenance identify typically with the working class and prefer the Democratic party. These situs differences remain statistically significant when socio-economic level is controlled, suggesting the independent influence of type of work on these aspects of behavior. We suggest that the findings may be explained in terms of historical definitions of work in American society. The results indicate the utility of considering the situs dimension in the analysis of occupational structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on speech education in California high schools. Sampling of public senior high schools; Results of the survey on speech education.

This article focuses on the counselor education program at Stanford. It is noteworthy that most of the paraprofessionals apparently are sufficiently motivated so as to offer their services for no remuneration either in terms of money or academic credit. These programs apparently have an intrinsic appeal to a significant segment of students. The appropriate use of undergraduate paraprofessionals may make it possible to provide a range of counseling services in spite of budgetary cutbacks. If counseling competence is judged in terms of client change, it follows that a counselor education program should produce measurable effects on trainee behavior. The program is therefore in a constant state of evolution as data is gathered on the effectiveness of its training procedures. Practicum experience is a major part of the Stanford program. The practicum teams are also used as teaching units. A counselor should have a broad knowledge of the field and a familiarity with contemporary problems in the social environment.

The article identifies three pure types of employed professional relationships specifically relevant to education. These are the general employed professional model, the ideal academic professional model and the profession union model. The models are applied to the situation in California public education and the developing pattern under the California collective negotiations law, the Winton Act. The key element in professionalism is the concept of the self-governing community of practitioners. The most relevant aspect of the ideal academic model is the assumption of the existence of a community of interest among the various elements of the institution. The classic role of the union is to defend labor's interest in the conflict between labor and capital.

The article reports on the needs of enrollees at the University of the Seven Seas, Whittier, California. Tables are presented to show the self-reported needs of male college students, self-reported needs of female college students and self-reported needs of both sexes. It also provides a table for the thirty categories of self-reported needs of male college students, thirty categories of self-reported needs of female college students, and thirty categories of self-reported needs of college students of both sexes. Tables for the comparison of need and press scores for male and female enrollees as well as a comparison of need and press scores are also presented.

The article examines the use of scientific thinking as basis of organization for physical science laboratory programs in college general education in San Francisco, California. The study emphasizes historical and contemporary problem-solving treatment of the physical science laboratory period for college general education. Science laboratory period for general education purposes lie in the opportunities it provides for first hand material, first hand evidence and first hand experience. Laboratory period is devoted to conscious scientific problem-solving aims, procedures and materials in order to achieve scientific problem-solving approaches, attitudes and outcomes.

The article describes an experiment by making use of the procedures used in teaching high school chemistry. Students need to know the fundamental scientific principles in addressing related problems; this is considered as the desirable outcome of courses in science. The subjects of the experiment constitutes of eight classes from two high schools in Oakland and San Francisco. The eight groups were presented with a list of all chemistry principles to be drawn upon in the later testing materials.

The article focuses on some of the ways used by San Diego State College to meet its moral responsibility in the area of education for international understanding. From an environmental standpoint, the school is fortunate in its efforts to promote international understanding. The basic factors that appear to underlie any education for international understanding were discussed. The teacher education at the state colleges is undergoing a complete reorganization. Some of the more vital areas to consider in working toward more-fruitful teacher growth in international understanding.

The article presents a case study on Audio-Tutorial instruction conducted in the Life Science Department of Southwestern College in Chula Vista, California from 1968 to 1969. The program's course structure included a General Assembly Session (GAS), a Small Group Session (SGS) and an independent study session. It suggests that the advantages of the Audio-Tutorial system of instruction include handling higher enrollments more economically, better teaching and more student-teacher contact.

The article focuses on the program for the education of the severely retarded children in the elementary and secondary schools in California. The program aims to train and educate the severely mentally retarded child to further his individual acceptance, social adjustment, and economic usefulness in his home and within a sheltered environment. There is an estimated 60,000 children in the state who are in need of the special training class programs for the educable mentally retarded, where only an approximate number of 15,000 children are presently availing of in the elementary and secondary levels.

This article focuses on the class project "Asian Are..." by fifth and sixth grade children from Franklin School, Berkeley, California, aimed at developing children's perceptions and awareness of Asian-Americans. Under the guidance of two teachers, Carole Aoyagi and Alexander Yamato, discussions supplemented by field trips explored the history and current status of Asians in America. They are one of four classes at Franklin School that teaches a course in Asian Studies instead of the regular social studies, California history. The other class subjects studied consisted of the regular class material for the fourth through sixth grades. Approximately one-third of the students were Asians, one-third blacks and one-third whites. They are part of the Experimental studies Program in the Berkeley Public Schools, which is financed federally. This article also presents writings and poems by children in these classes that show remarkable understanding of and sensitivity to racial and social issues.

This article examines the teaching of science in the elementary school program in California. Workshop teams have been developed to provide practical demonstration workshops in response to requests from administrators and teacher organizations. Local districts are also planning well-articulated twelve-year science programs with the help of science and education faculties of regional teacher-education institutions. Furthermore, committees on science in general education are developing science library standards, standard lists of equipment, workshops, extension courses, and Saturday field trips.

The article focuses of the rationale and procedures in the selection of teacher candidates in the School of Education at the University of California, Los Angeles. Three distinct groups constitute the Committee on Professional Fitness, the staff of the School of Education Selection and Counseling Service, and the other faculty members who provide information, advice, and support. A student finishing the teacher training program needs to complete the selection procedure.

The article presents updates related to education in California. The State Board of Education had adopted a reform on the general secondary credential for teachers. Another law was enacted that requires applicants for teaching credential and the renewal of such credentials to submit duplicate copies of personal identification cards. A committee was created by the State Department of Education responsible for the revision of special secondary credential in physical education. The state Council on Teacher Education has focused on the problems related to student teaching.

Reports that interested parties can order for the seven sub-reports prepared by the W.P.A. Speech Research Project Number 1448 for the California State Department of Education in 1938.

The article shares the author's insights on the anti-evolutionary ruling of the State Board of Education in California. According to him, evolution has long been badly taught in which students and even professional biologist have acquired theories of evolution without any deep understanding of what problem these theories attempt to resolve. He cites that the California ruling has suggested that students be told of other attempts to resolve the ancient dilemma. Moreover, he noted that by fighting the fundamentalists, they led into an empty-headedness analogous to theirs.