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To what extent, if any, will workers in families receiving Government cash benefits reduce their hours of work? The papers by Irwin Garfinkel and by Glen Cain and Harold Watts review large numbers of studies on this question. These authors caution us against having great confidence in the detailed estimates of how workers will respond because limitations exist in all the studies. On the other hand, the reviews do give reliable guidance about the direction and order of magnitude of likely effects. According to most of the studies, one would expect prime age married men not to alter significantly their pattern of work in response to the availability of an expanded income supplement program. There is also general agreement that increasing income guarantees or benefit-loss rates would cause a moderate reduction in hours of work (in market jobs, not necessarily in the home) among married women, female family heads, and older men. In his paper, Samuel Rea, Jr. compares more than 20 negative income tax, wage subsidy, and earnings subsidy proposals. Rea uses one set of estimated relationships that specify how a beneficiary's hours of work depend on his wage rate, unearned income (pensions, rents, dividends), and those feature of income maintenance programs that influence his net wage rate and unearned income. Given predictions of worker response and data representative of the national population in 1966, Rea is able to examine how specific program changes affect budget costs, hours of work, and the share of benefits going to the lowest income groups. (Author/JM)

The shortrun (1962-1966) economic impact of a tissue paper mill in Pickens, Mississippi, a town of under 1,000 in a depressed rural area with a predominance of poor Negroes, was analyzed. The tissue mill began in a building formerly occupied by a North Carolina furniture manufacturer. Initial financing came from the Area Redevelopment Administration, local and State organizations, and private industry. Failure of the operation was attributed to lack of skilled employees, frequent breakdowns of secondhand machinery, variability in the quality of wet pulp, and an inadequately developed market. After foreclosure by the Small Business Administration, the plant was leased to another company to produce carbonizing paper. Finding solutions to Picken's problems and those of other depressed areas will require continuing systematic efforts at Federal, State, and local levels. (Author/PS)

Sponsored jointly by the Canadian Department of Labour and the U.S. Department of Labor, the Conference was held to examine the impact of automation on employment and unemployment, the nature of jobs being created and eliminated, and steps to be taken to ease the effect of technological change on workers. The participants were government, management, labor, and university representatives from North American U.S. and other Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development countries. The U.S. Department of Labor papers are: (1) "Technological Change, Productivity, and Employment in the United States," by L. Greenberg, (2) "The Pace of Technological Change and the Factors Affecting It" by S.L. Wolfbein, (3) "Effects of Technological Change on Occupational Employment Patterns in the United States" by E. Clague, (4) "Effects of Technological Change on the Nature of Jobs" by L. Levine, (5) "The Labor Force Adjustment of Workers Affected by Technological Change" by R.C. Goodwin, and (6) "Implications for Government-Sponsored Training Programs in the U.S.A." by J.P. Walsh. The appendixes contain a bibliography of selected references and a list of all 16 technical papers presented at the Conference. (HC)

The initial discussion focuses on the dilemma posed by the fact that inflation and unemployment cannot simultaneously be eliminated with the macro-economic policies alone. To opt for controlling inflation means a delay in dealing with an already serious poverty problem. Suggestions for dealing with the inflation-unemployment dilemma are classified into 2 groups: (1) those which seek to remove the causes; and (2) those which focus on the symptoms. This paper specifically addresses itself to the question of whether, in dealing with the symptoms via public employment programs, the dilemma is worsened. A simple derivation of the inflation-unemployment trade-off (known as the Phillips Curve) is presented. It is then used to analyze the potential effects of public employment on the trade-off. It is concluded that income guarantees do have inflationary costs; however, the authors do feel that, whenever possible, job vacancies should be filled via public employment programs. (TL)

This monograph is concerned with the uses to which an individualized student information system could be put for obtaining valuable insights into the progress of a variety of students through the educational system. In chapter 1, the concepts and terminology required for an understanding of transition matrixes are introduced, and a mathematical derivation of the basic flow equations and their matrix formulations is provided. Chapter 2 contains a numerical example of the applications of empirical transition matrix methods to the flows within two Ontario colleges of applied arts and technology, and chapter 3 discusses the benefits, limitations, and possible extensions of the method. (Author/RA)

The basic aim of this report is to suggest a strategic framework for the transformation of manpower placement services (MPS) from a reactive, precarious organization into an active and vital service delivery system. The main characteristics of MPS are analyzed from a systems perspective and organizational resources and structure of services for the hard to employ are surveyed. It is pointed out that, following the systems perspective, changes in the supportive subsystem will not produce immediate results in the service patterns but that new operative goals and service technology are needed for both clients and employers. The basic change strategy should be to expand the operative goals of the agency with the twofold aim of improving its services and increasing its importance in the community. An intelligence system is proposed which would fulfill three related functions: to monitor the external relevant environment of the agency, to provide an internal audit of staff and client activities, and to evaluate the agency's outputs. The effectiveness of MPS is dependent upon its ability to develop a multilevel service delivery system that breaks away from the narrow conception of matching persons with jobs. (Author/SA)

An introduction which explains the value of information centers in aiding the flow of knowledge in person to person communication of information is followed by references to print sources and information centers. Print sources, listed to show continuity in the "people-print-people" cycle, are offered on the subjects of education, public health and safety, business, labor, employment, economics, and government. In addition, the directories of the National Referral Center for Science and Technology which lead the search to other sources of information, are described. Information centers are listed according to the same subject areas as the above print sources, each reference containing a brief descriptive passage. (SP)

The primary objective of this project was to produce a suggested plan for promoting and guiding the development and expansion of occupational education in Oregon high schools and community colleges. To achieve the major objective, special task force groups were assembled to work on specific aspects of the total project: labor market data, curriculum articulation, curriculum coordination, and open enrollment relations. Task force reports on labor market data and on curriculum articulation are included in this document. The task force groups included representatives from high schools, community colleges, the Oregon Board of Education, Oregon State University, and the State Employment Service. The plan must ultimately provide for articulation of occupational preparatory curriculums from the senior high school to specialized vocational-technical preparation in the community colleges; for coordination and distribution of occupational preparatory curriculums among community colleges; and for operation of student services that promote effective development of human resources and efficient utilization of physical resources. (CH)

Occasioned by the 1969 Galaxy Conference on Adult Education, this position paper denounces what is seen as the failure of national organizations, colleges and universities, and Federal, state, and local agencies to provide for and actively encourage the involvement of members of ethnic minorities in adult education programs at decision making levels. Corrective measures in professional hiring, training, program planning, and curriculum development are recommended. (ly)

The annual conference of the British Association for Commercial and Industrial Education (BACIE), held at Trinity College, Cambridge, England, in September 1968, was devoted to educational objectives for England for the 1980's. The three speeches presented were, "The Objectives of Society" (Sir Herbert Butterfield), "Industry in the 1980's (G.A.H. Cadbury), and "Setting Educational Objectives for the 1980's" (J. Vaizey). Butterfield dealt with democracy and education. Cadbury discussed various economic and population trends and related them to needs for training and education. Vaizey examined certain trends which influence educational policy and practice: school leaving age, the teacher shortage, the growth in size of the sixth form, student ferment, the mechanization of training, and the probable impact of the Industrial Training Act. (MF)