68 results
Search Results
2. 10. Foreign Marketing.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL trade ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,MARKETING ,GLOBALIZATION - Abstract
The article presents abstracts relating to foreign marketing. They include "A decade of change," "Should an international firm centralize marketing control?" and "Trade negotiations for a better free world economy."
- Published
- 1965
3. When Should A Company Manufacture Abroad?
- Author
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Buffa, Elwood S. and Bogardy, Alexander E.
- Subjects
WAGES ,INDUSTRIAL costs ,LABOR productivity ,LABOR costs ,AMERICAN business enterprises ,PRODUCTION (Economic theory) ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,CONTRACTING out ,GLOBALIZATION - Abstract
The article presents a comparison of the United States and European wages, costs and productivity and explains how and when it can be profitable for a U.S.-based business to manufacture abroad, and often it may be more profitable to manufacture at home. Several newspaper articles referencing the low wages paid to European workers and their rapidly rising productive efficiency are cited as examples indicating that the United States may be pricing itself out of competitive markets. Comparisons of industrial costs for United States and foreign businesses are made, including comparisons of wage levels, labor costs, and productivity.
- Published
- 1960
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A 'Model T.'.
- Author
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Olson, Robert L.
- Subjects
LETTERS to the editor ,GLOBALIZATION - Abstract
A letter to the editor is presented in response to the comments made on the publications "The Limits to Growth" and "Toward Global Equilibrium: Collected Papers," that was published in a previous issue of "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists."
- Published
- 1974
5. Acquisition Activity of Webb-Pomerene Member Firms, 1951-1968: A Policy Suggestion.
- Author
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Leary, Thomas J. and W. L.
- Subjects
SMALL business laws ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,GLOBALIZATION ,INDUSTRIAL concentration ,BIG business - Abstract
The legislative intent of the Webb-Pomerene Law of 1918 was to induce and encourage small firms to enter the international market. To accomplish this end, Congress granted to firm's immunity from the Sherman Act, the Federal Trade Commission Act and the Clayton Act at that time the three statutes concerned with anticompetitive business behavior. It was thought that small or medium-size firms acting independently would find the costs of entering foreign trade prohibitive but that acting in concert through cooperative arrangements such costs might be lowered. Also the firms were permitted to form Associations for export purposes whether or not they were confronted with buying or selling cartels in international markets. Left unstated by Congress were the techniques these Associations could employ in implementing the cooperative arrangements. These cooperative arrangements were intended to permit collusive action in export markets only.
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The Global Challenge to Advertising.
- Subjects
ADVERTISING ,GOVERNMENT policy on advertising ,GLOBALIZATION ,CUSTOMER satisfaction ,PRODUCT quality ,INDUSTRIAL publicity ,MARKETING of new products ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprise management ,COMPETITIVE advantage in business ,MARKETING strategy ,CONSUMERISM - Abstract
Written by several executives of the International Advertising Association, "The Global Challenge to Advertising" was first made public at the 23rd IAA World Congress in Dublin in early June of 1973. The study, with detailed examples from many areas, brings into focus the two main currents of world-wide opposition to advertising: mounting consumer dissatisfaction with product quality and claims, and increasing government regulation and control of advertising. It is reprinted here by permission of the International Advertising Association, 475 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10017. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. An Application of Econometric Models to International Marketing.
- Author
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Armstrong, J. Scott
- Subjects
EXPORT marketing ,ECONOMETRIC models ,SALES ,GLOBALIZATION ,INTERNATIONAL markets ,MARKETING research ,INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory) ,CAMERAS ,SALES forecasting ,MARKETING strategy - Abstract
Currently available econometric techniques provide useful information for measuring international markets. A key aspect of these techniques is the use of an extensive a priori analysis, which is demonstrated in a study of the international market for still cameras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Administrative Objectives for Development Administration.
- Author
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Thompson, Victor A.
- Subjects
SOCIAL sciences ,PLANNING ,DECENTRALIZATION in management ,SOCIAL change ,SOCIAL development ,SOCIAL control ,PROFESSIONAL practice ,DEVELOPING countries ,INDUSTRIALIZATION ,GLOBALIZATION - Abstract
Administrative practices and principles of the West have derived from preoccupation with control and therefore have little value for development administration in underdeveloped countries where the need is for an adaptive administration, one that can incorporate constant change. However, adaptive administrative principles can be derived from the researches and theories of the behavioral sciences, and these should become the administrative objectives of development administrators. Illustrative of such objectives are the following: an innovative atmosphere; the operationalizing and sharing of goals; the combining of planning (thinking) and acting (doing); the minimization of parochialism; the diffusion of influence; the increasing of toleration of interdependence; and the avoidance of bureaupathology. These propositions are illustrated by the analysis of some concrete administrative problems, such as the centralization-decentralization issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1964
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. 10. Foreign Marketing.
- Author
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Penn Jr., William S., Arnay, Oscar P., Worcester, Robert M., Fox, Harold W., Wright, John S., Goldstucker, Jac L., Peters, William S., and Fisk, George
- Subjects
MARKETING ,EXPORT marketing ,MARKETING management ,INTERNATIONAL markets ,MARKETING planning ,GLOBALIZATION - Abstract
The article presents abstracts of marketing focusing on foreign marketing. They include "Participation: Key to Profits Abroad" "Illinois Mission a Year Later," and "Background of Progress and Planning."
- Published
- 1965
10. Trading Stamps in Japan-Boom in the Making?
- Author
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Alton, A. L. and Totten, George O.
- Subjects
TRADING stamps (Coupons) ,RETAIL industry ,MARKETING research ,SALES promotion ,MARKETING management ,REBATES ,GLOBALIZATION ,NEW product development ,INTERNATIONAL trade - Abstract
As excitement concerning trading stamps diminishes in the United States, and controversy abounds in Great Britain's venture, a stamp boom is taking place in Japan. The rapid development of trading stamps in Japan is analyzed in this article by a marketing specialist who has been a student of the trading-stamp industry in the United States for a number of years, and by a specialist in Japanese political and economic life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. How International Can European Advertising Be?
- Author
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Elinder, Erik
- Subjects
ADVERTISING ,GLOBALIZATION ,ADVERTISING campaigns ,MARKETING management ,SALES promotion ,ADVERTISING media planning ,PRODUCT management ,MASS media research ,NATIONAL advertising ,COMMERCIAL product marketing ,SELLING ,MANAGEMENT ,MASS media - Abstract
Is it true that the various markets in Europe are so different that the same message for the same product cannot appeal as successfully to two or three or more markets as a campaign tailormade for a single nation? Here is how an internationally-recognized advertising man answers this question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Marketing in the Industrialization of Underdeveloped Countries.
- Author
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Sherbini, A. A.
- Subjects
INDUSTRIALIZATION ,MARKETING strategy ,DEVELOPING countries ,ECONOMIC development ,PRODUCTION (Economic theory) ,BUSINESS planning ,ECONOMIC policy ,GLOBALIZATION ,STRATEGIC planning ,MARKETING research ,ECONOMIC expansion ,PRODUCTION management (Manufacturing) - Abstract
Industrialization has lured many underdeveloped countries as the fastest and surest method of economic development. But marketing problems are causing unexpected difficulties in many of these countries--difficulties that were not anticipated because production has been seen as almost the only problem. This article demonstrates the pivotal role of marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Country Typologies for the Multinational Corporation: A New Basic Approach.
- Author
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Sethi, S. Prakash and Holton, Richard H.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,BUSINESS planning ,STRATEGIC planning ,INDUSTRIAL management ,DECISION making ,INDUSTRIAL relations ,COMPARATIVE studies ,REGIONAL differences ,GLOBALIZATION ,STANDARDIZATION ,CLASSIFICATION ,RESEARCH methodology - Abstract
To group countries for purposes of designing alternative approaches to marketing, organization of subsidiaries, executive compensation and so on, by what criteria should the classification be determined? This article shows that intuitive pairing is often misleading and therefore may lead a firm to employ inappropriate strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The Speed of Change.
- Author
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Calder, Ritchie
- Subjects
SCIENTIFIC discoveries ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,ENERGY development ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation ,INTELLECTUAL cooperation ,GLOBALIZATION ,PROGRESS ,SOCIAL change ,GENERATION gap - Abstract
The article discusses rapid innovations in the field of science and technology, health, and energy. These include the discovery of vitamins and vaccines, the development of telecommunications, and other changes in the modern ages. Such progressive developments were claimed to be a manifestation of international relations. Moreover, it believes that everything is possible if all people cooperate in a world scale. This relation is considered a possibility for international cooperation to reconcile aspirations of the older generations to the new ones.
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. II. Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Management Principles.
- Author
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Oberg, Winston
- Subjects
MANAGEMENT ,BUSINESSMEN ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,CROSS-cultural studies ,GLOBALIZATION ,INTERNATIONAL competition ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,CROSS-cultural differences - Abstract
The article presents information on a survey of management problems among groups of businessmen from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil and Michigan. The author presents a comparison of the problems perceived by the two sets of managers and offers solutions to each set based on cultural aspects particular to each group. A discussion is presented about the differences in the business climate and situations that exist between Brazil and Michigan. An overview of cultural differences affecting international business is presented.
- Published
- 1963
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Standardized Global Advertising, a Call As Yet Unanswered.
- Author
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Ryans Jr., John K. and Donnelly Jr., James H.
- Subjects
ADVERTISING campaigns ,ADVERTISING ,GLOBALIZATION ,ADVERTISING executives ,ADVERTISING media planning ,INTERNATIONAL markets ,GLOBAL advertising ,INTERNATIONAL advertising ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,MARKETING strategy ,BUSINESS planning ,MANAGEMENT - Abstract
A number of advertising spokesmen have strongly recommended a truly "international" approach to advertising for firms operating outside the United States. This article describes how U.S. international advertising managers value this approach and how extensively they have employed it in their companies' advertising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Globalization and National Identity in Textbooks of Social Sciences Courses
- Author
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Ahmad Mohammad Poor, Hamzeh Mohammadi, and Mosleh Kohne Pooshi
- Subjects
globalization ,national identity ,social sciences ,textbooks. ,Islam ,BP1-253 - Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between globalization and national identity in textbooks of social science courses in elementary, junior, secondary and pre-university. Nowadays, although the dominant idea demonstrates a certain kind of cultural orientation; general cultural orientation is also reproducing a continuous process with emphasis on the cultural adaptability and understanding in a parallel way. Multi-ethnic communities in order to achieve a systematic balance of national identity with the emphasis on general cultural orientation at home and production of multiple identities should increase their competitiveness and modernization. However, the nationalist discourse in Iran which has also been included in the curriculum is based on a radical "Ethnocentrism" that does not allow diversity and cultural fusion to exist, on the contrary attempts to destroy the cultural and ethnic differences. In this paper, the author challenges this issue and presents cultural and educational strategies on quality of national identity tailored to the information age and globalization. In the first part of the paper, theories of globalization and national identity and their contrast are discussed through theoretical approaches. In the second part of the study, using document and content analysis, he evaluates and approves concepts such as xenophobia, one-side oriented positive self-inductance approach and the absolute position of Iran in the international system in primary to pre-university textbooks of the social sciences. The third section is devoted to providing solutions. Due to its relation with globalization, civil nationalism in the field of national identity is discussed herein which can pave the way for textbooks to remain ethnocentric.
- Published
- 1391
18. Canada's New Budget.
- Subjects
EXPORT & import trade of commercial products ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,GLOBALIZATION ,EXPORT duty laws ,FOREIGN trade regulation ,BALANCE of trade - Abstract
The article offers two updates related to businesses across the globe. It mentions that Canada has proposed new trade concessions on British imports which exempt a surtax on incomes above 14,000 dollars. It also mentions that Russia has imported more British products and lesser from Germany for 1934, but its balance of trade has remained favorable.
- Published
- 1935
19. Analyzing Foreign Opportunities.
- Author
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Hodgson, Raphael W. and Uyterhoeven, Hugo E. R.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL business enterprise management ,INTERNATIONAL competition ,FOREIGN subsidiaries ,STRATEGIC planning ,INTERNATIONAL markets ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,FOREIGN corporations ,GLOBALIZATION ,HOST countries (Business) ,INDUSTRIAL management ,BUSINESS planning - Abstract
We will first describe why the magnitude and rapidity of economic change in industrialized areas enhance the danger of creating ill-conceived ventures, a danger compounded by the inadequacy of conventional methods of analysis. We will then proceed to describe a new approach, which we call opportunity analysis. Analysis of the operating margin and its major components, involuntary costs and discretionary expenses, will shed light on conditions in a particular industry abroad and on the competing participants. With this information, management can reach useful conclusions regarding its operating flexibility and the looseness or tightness of competition, which is important because these factors affect the ease and profitability of entry. If entry appears both feasible and desirable, it is necessary to design the future scope and strategy of a venture to assure survival and success. Here the principal criterion is the position that the company would have relative to the industry leaders. Often, as we shall see, the role of challenger will enable a foreign venture to select its own battleground, thus enhancing both its operating flexibility and chances for success. In any case, a foreign venture will have to anticipate future changes and contingencies, the magnitude and timing of which can be predicted. Next we will discuss the critical industry conditions that must be taken into account. Five elements are especially important: 1. Differences in financial charges can cause wide variations in profitability, even within the same industry. 2. Capacity-building requirements have to be watched carefully. 3. The importance of specialization and concentration are particularly crucial elements. 4. Product policy requires a great deal of flexibility. 5. Distribution obstacles or opportunities have to be analyzed in detail and on a country-by-country basis. The importance of international comparisons of operating margins needs to be stressed. Operating margin analysis helps in avoiding the inherent dangers of making false analogies by transferring industry reasoning from one country to another. Most significantly, it also allows construction of an analytical grid comparing the various foreign opportunities with those at home. By way of conclusion we shall focus on the need for consistency in planning in foreign ventures, both in terms of immediate and ultimate goals and of the parent company's capabilities and willingness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1962
20. Let's "Internationalize" Our Marketing Students.
- Author
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Gordon, Guy G.
- Subjects
CURRICULUM ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,GRADUATES ,BUSINESS education ,EMPLOYEE training ,HIGHER education ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,MARKETING ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,GLOBALIZATION - Abstract
Every year hundreds of thousands of graduates of American colleges and universities enter business, with almost no knowledge of international business relationships. How can marketing educators help to correct this deficiency? The author of this article has a very practical suggestion, based on the development of a different type of course in bask marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1964
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The Future of the Movies.
- Author
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Bakshy, Alexander
- Subjects
MOTION pictures ,STANDARDS ,FILMMAKERS ,MASS media ,MOTION picture industry ,GLOBALIZATION ,QUALITY - Abstract
According to the author, present motion picture are a vast industry supplying the nations of the world with a standardized, machine-made entertainment. Standards are those demanded by the world market which the industry serves. Consequently they are inevitably determined by the lowest common denominator of the movie-consuming intelligence of the moment. It is one of the gratifying signs of the present situation that leadership in the art of the movies seems to be definitely passing into hands of the smaller producers who meet with ever-growing and already ample support of cultured people all the world over, because standards of quality, and not those demanded by the world "boobery," are standards governing their work.
- Published
- 1928
22. Some Problems Choosing a Global Organizational Structure.
- Author
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Stopford, John M.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,ORGANIZATIONAL structure ,EXECUTIVES ,DECISION making ,DIVISIONS (Organizational structure) ,CORPORATE reorganizations ,GLOBALIZATION ,QUANTITATIVE research ,MANAGEMENT ,BUSINESS planning - Abstract
Dealing effectively with these four sets of problems can have a pronounced influence on the success or failure of any reorganization. Indeed, even when the economic case for reorganization is irresistibly strong, poor judgment in terms of timing or of dealing with the people involved can cause Failure. There is nothing particularly new or surprising about this conclusion. Yet proponents of change all too often omit these problems and others like them from their analyses. Because judgment is needed to resolve the problems, the decision processes evade quantitative definition. Furthermore, criteria for making the necessary decisions are notoriously elusive. Many analysts behave as though it were better to ignore these problems and avoid the difficult issues. Nevertheless, when asked for general rules, they cannot respond: 'it all depends' is the standard disclaimer. But until the dependencies are spelled out explicitly the disclaimer remains vague, meaningless, and probably a cover for poor and incomplete analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1971
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. International contacts of university staff members: some problems in the internationality of science.
- Author
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von Alemann, Heine
- Subjects
SCIENCE & society ,GLOBALIZATION ,PHILOSOPHICAL analysis ,PHILOSOPHY of science ,CULTURE - Abstract
This article discusses one of the metaphysical assumptions in science which seems to be its internationality. It is implicit in the discussions of the philosophy or sociology of science. In fact, the inherently international character of the scientific enterprise seems to be so much taken for granted that there is little research on it. Here, the author will briefly review the literature, and continue with a systematic analysis of four ways in which the internationality could be maintained. In this section, some new data from a recent survey of staff members at the University of Cologne will be presented. Historians of science normally do not mention the problem of the internationality of science explicitly. They stress the point, however, that science developed in medieval Europe cross-nationally within the boundaries of the common European culture. The institutionalization of the scientific role and the adoption of a scientific outlook was the result of an elaborate organization of science and the establishment of scientific journals and was of primary importance in the development of a culture of science.
- Published
- 1974
24. A Model of the Trade and Government Sectors in Colonial Economics.
- Author
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Birnberg, Thomas and Resnick, Stephen
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL trade ,COMMERCIAL policy ,INTERNATIONAL finance ,GLOBALIZATION ,EXPORT marketing ,STRUCTURAL frame models ,COUNTERTRADE ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
This article examines historically and quantitatively the process of colonial development of selected economies of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. A simultaneous equations model was applied by the author to each country to identify those forces which made these economies dependent on international trade. The author explores to construct and apply a structural model of aggregate behavior which explains the development pattern of several countries in different geographical areas. An evaluation of the results using dynamic simulations was presented by the author.
- Published
- 1973
25. STRATEGIES OF EXPANSION AND ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS IN EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN FIRMS.
- Author
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KAUFMANN, OTHMAR
- Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL change ,STRATEGIC planning ,BUSINESS enterprises ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,MARKETING strategy ,MARKET segmentation ,GLOBALIZATION ,ORGANIZATIONAL structure ,AFFILIATED corporations ,CORPORATE growth - Abstract
The article focuses on expansion strategies and organizational development in companies in the U.S. and Europe. It mentions that prior to World War II, U.S. direct investments were treated as an outflow of funds that were managed similarly to portfolio investments, and that in most instances overseas affiliates behaved as if independent entities that produced differentiated products, applied different production techniques, and determined their own marketing strategies. It states that multinational concerns coordinate strategic, administrative, and operational decisions on a wide geographic scale. It suggests that the strategic expansion of European firms will grow from national to regional and finally multinational scales.
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS AND CORPORATE PLANNING.
- Author
-
HOVELL, P. J.
- Subjects
BUSINESS planning ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,ATTITUDES of businessmen ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprises ,FOREIGN investments ,EXPORTS ,MANAGEMENT ,INDUSTRIES ,ORGANIZATIONAL goals ,GLOBALIZATION ,DEVELOPED countries ,STRATEGIC planning - Abstract
The article discusses international operations and corporate planning. The author looks at the attitudes of businessmen towards import substitution, exporting, and direct foreign investment. The article establishes the need for a wider perspective on the subjects by referring to the international business environment. The author suggests a conceptual corporate planning framework for international operations. The article examines this in light of research made into the management of selected firms in the agricultural, mechanical handling and textile machinery industries. The author suggests that a firm should consider its international operations as an integral part of its overall strategy, which should be cast in a corporate planning mould.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Comparison of influentials in contemporary American and British sociology: a study in the internationalization of sociology.
- Author
-
Oromaner, Mark Jay
- Subjects
SOCIOLOGY ,SOCIOLOGISTS ,COMPARISON (Philosophy) ,GLOBALIZATION - Abstract
The article compares influentials in contemporary American and British sociology for a time span for 11 years, between 1958-68. Authors of the article have compared names of the men most cited in journals "American Sociological Review" and "British Journal of Sociology" for two time periods and have found that lists for the second time period contained a larger number of names in common than the list for the first period. This finding was interpreted as support for the thesis that sociology is becoming more international. A comparison of the two American lists revealed no essential differences in the national origin of the most important influentials for the two periods. A similar examination of the two British lists revealed that contemporary sociologists from the U.S. are becoming increasingly influential in British sociology. It was therefore suggested that the internationalization of sociology may, for the immediate future, be equivalent or almost equivalent to the Americanization of sociology.
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. THE NON-ADMITTED MARKET ABROAD.
- Author
-
Daenzer, Bernard John
- Subjects
INSURANCE exchanges ,RISK management in business ,INSURANCE law ,GLOBALIZATION ,DOMESTIC markets ,RISK exposure - Abstract
The article discusses several aspects of the non-admitted insurance market abroad as of 1966. There has been a growing recognition of the importance of the non-admitted market abroad, not only for reinsurance purposes but also for direct placements under the excess and surplus lines laws of the various states. In stressing risk management and the principles of risk analysis, consideration must be given to world markets available to take care of gaps in coverage and high limits of exposure. Over the years large corporate insurance buyers have found in Lloyd's and other world markets a method of handling their most intricate insurance problems. They treasure the extremely broad coverage they have been granted and the inexpensive method of administration of insurance. Substantial deductibles and aggregates for accumulation of losses are used to effect savings for the buyer. Producers should understand that the non-admitted market offers valuable help to them for certain problems which cannot be solved in the domestic market. Such help in no way detracts from the quality and importance of the domestic market.
- Published
- 1966
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. A NOTE ON EMERGENT FOLK CULTURES AND WORLD CULTURE CHANGE.
- Author
-
King, Arden R.
- Subjects
CULTURE ,WORLD culture ,GLOBALIZATION ,URBAN life ,CULTURAL universals - Abstract
The nature of so-called folk cultures and their distribution throughout the world has long been argued, and their reaction upon contact with western European culture has been studied in some detail. It is well recognized that the process of culture change initiated by these contacts has a drastic effect upon the lives of many people. Despite these studies and the attempts at the definition of the nature of folk cultures and the delineation of the processes of acculturation, little has been done in a systematic way with the present condition of these cultures. There appears to be a fundamental unity of these cultures which has been loosely characterized by the term "folk." The difficulty with this scheme, however, is that the poles of urban and folk cultures are easily recognized and described, but the vast number of cultures which partake of both qualities are not readily amenable to classification or systematic description. This condition then demands a reconsideration of the nature of folk cultures and an attempt to define "urbanness." Instead of a descriptive definition of folk cultures it would perhaps be better to utilize one which attempts to delineate the over-all nature of a folk culture.
- Published
- 1953
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. THE STUDY OF CULTURES.
- Author
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Useem, John
- Subjects
CULTURE ,THEORY of knowledge ,SOCIAL values ,CONDUCT of life ,GLOBALIZATION ,NATIONALISM - Abstract
The article discusses the questions on the sociological uses of culture. These questions initially became evident in the studies of the newer social patterns which accompanied the continuing modernization of American life and its latter-day partial transformation into a post-modern society. In some cases, culture has become an open-ended and residual category, to which are assigned all those behaviors and values which cannot be accounted for by other factors. Reduced to this elementary level, it offers little power of explanation. There are other cases in which the concept has been practically abandoned in study designs. One of the standard indicators of what culture denotes is a social heritage (some sociological writers define culture as the social heritage). The heritage of a society commonly is defined as all that which is regularly transmitted from generation to generation in a relatively unchanged form. Its principal attributes are elucidated by indicating that it generally includes the customs and normal solutions to life's recurring problems which have been gradually worked out in the historical development of a society. A cultural theme is neocolonialism and its practical alternatives. Given the fact that every new country must have continuing access to scientific knowledge and technology to maintain its growth and development and to compete in the world markets, questions are raised about what kinds of scientists are required, what should be their national identity, and what resources in an economy of scarcity can be afforded for the use of scientific work in the national interest.
- Published
- 1971
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Conflict Formations in Contemporary International Society
- Author
-
Dieter Senghaas
- Subjects
International relations ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Sociology and Political Science ,Operations research ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Assertion ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Poison control ,02 engineering and technology ,Capitalism ,Structural violence ,0506 political science ,Globalization ,Political economy ,Scale (social sciences) ,Political Science and International Relations ,050602 political science & public administration ,Psychology ,Safety Research - Abstract
The paper analyzes conflict formations now prevailing in contemporary international society. The study begins with the assertion that the development of capitalism and anticapitalist move ments in international politics has led to the globalization of international politics and to the emergence of an international society. This society is here conceived as an antagonistic totality made up particularly of the following conflict formations: intercapitalist, West-East, North-South, inter-socialist, inner-Third World, and formations of structural violence where in ternational and national conflict formations intersect.The paper includes a short discussion on some fundamental principles of peace and social justice in international society. It concludes with some preliminary remarks on the foundation of a structural theory of international society. The author stresses that a further analysis of inter national society will have to look closely into the production relations and the exchange relations emerging from them on a world scale. The theorem of unequal and combined development is given particular importance. The author con tends that on this basis, causes and regularities of conflict formation dynamics can be better understood than by the highly abstract approaches of the last ten to fifteen years, particularly those of the conventional systems analysis.
- Published
- 1973
32. Business Innovation, Ethics, and Prosperity: The Primacy of Microeconomics
- Author
-
Rock-Antoine Mehanna and Youssef Yazbeck
- Subjects
Macroeconomics ,Globalization ,New business development ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Global Leadership ,Economics ,Philosophy of business ,Prosperity ,Classical economics ,Business ethics ,Human capital ,Competitive advantage ,media_common - Abstract
This paper examines the role of "business innovation" and "business ethics" --two seemingly unrelated principles--in underpinning the disparities in economic prosperity across 107 countries over the period from 2003 to 2006. Unlike Porter, Ketels, and Delgado's (2007) statistical approach, which relies on partial correlations, this paper uses a multiple regression analysis within a general macro/microeconomic framework to examine business innovation strategies and ethics, while controlling for human capital, geography, and socio-cultural demographics. Additionally, this paper borrows from Wu (2005) to assess the interaction between business innovation strategies and business ethics. Econometric results indicate that business innovation and business ethics are both positively correlated with and needed to sustain economic prosperity. Additional results show that microeconomic variables have the primacy over macroeconomic ones. Relevant policy implications are discussed. Introduction The problem of creation of wealth has always been the in-focus of economic research. While the bulk of the literature emphasized the role of macroeconomic factors, the microeconomic foundations of economic prosperity escaped theoretical and empirical scrutiny. Building on Porter's (1990, 2007) approach to economic prosperity, the purpose of this paper is to empirically test the following: (1) The significant relationship of each of "business innovation" and "business ethics" (or corruption)--two seemingly unrelated principles--in underpinning the disparities in economic prosperity across a sample of 107 countries over the average period from 2003 to 2006; (2) the interaction between business innovation strategies and business ethics; and (3) the size and significant roles of macro- and microeconomic foundations in affecting economic prosperity. The microeconomic approach to economic prosperity gained much importance with the growing pace of globalization. Globalization increases the uncertainties of macroeconomic policies and makes countries more vulnerable to the fluctuation of variables, such as exchange rates and commodity prices among others. In fact, Argentina failed to experience a sustainable path of growth because the improvement of the microeconomic environment was not in-line with the macroeconomic reforms that the government has undertaken (Ketels, 2006). While the potential to create a competitive advantage at the corporate level lies in the development of innovative products and processes, including conducting innovation-driven business strategies, this paper suggests that corporate ethics, specifically corporate corruption should not be underestimated. Borrowing from Wu (2005), the tough enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act may have forced U.S. companies to focus their attention on developing their long-term competitive advantage through implementing business innovation strategies leading them to be recognized as global leaders in their fields. Unlike Porter's et al. (2007) statistical approach which relies on partial correlations, this paper employs a general micro/macroeconomic framework and uses a multiple regression to examine the effects of business innovation and business ethics (corruption) on economic prosperity as measured by the level of per capita gross domestic product (GDP). It controls for salient features of economic prosperity, including human capital (education), geography (latitude), and socio-cultural demographics (religious fractionalization). Using the standardized estimation of the independent variables, this paper assesses the magnitudes between microeconomic and macroeconomic environments and their impact on economic prosperity. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. The second section reviews succinctly the related literature, while suggesting a synthetic theoretical diagram (Figure 1). The third section offers the specification of the model and the fourth section analyzes the econometric results. …
- Published
- 1970
33. PENGEMBANGAN KREATIVITAS PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DI INDONESIA (TELAAH URGENSI PROSES)
- Author
-
Mahmudah Mahmudah
- Subjects
Globalization ,Work ethic ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Political science ,Self-consciousness ,Passion ,Environmental ethics ,Quality (business) ,Social science ,Space (commercial competition) ,Creativity ,Human capital ,media_common - Abstract
Nowadays, the change and the development of society run faster and more dispersely than before. In this era of globalization, Islamic education, as a means to bring out a competent human capital that can compete in the era of 21st century, needs to pay closer attention to the "process" than to the "outcome", and this way can be regarded as an alternative to the development of creativity. This paper shows some significant ideas to explore how to emphazise the "process". The ideas include motivation, learning strategies, self consciousness, work ethic, participatory approach to fostering creativity, musing space, and change in attitudes. With the spirit of change and the passion of work, this paper offers some ideas to foster a good quality of Muslim generation as a solution to the educational crisis of this nation.
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The Impact of Globalization on the African Culture in Helon Habila’s Measuring Time
- Author
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E. N. Abiodun-Eniayekan, Ocholi Victor Idakwo, and Edith Abisola Awogu-Maduagwu
- Subjects
Divergence (linguistics) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,0507 social and economic geography ,Subject (philosophy) ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,General Medicine ,Globalisation, African, Culture, Hybridity, Post-Colonialism ,Postmodernism ,050701 cultural studies ,Human capital ,Globalization ,Hybridity ,Political economy ,Sociology ,Ideology ,Social science ,media_common - Abstract
Globalization is a phenomenon of the postmodern era which accommodates the shrinking of the world into a small functional community. As a result of this, geographical distance and socio-cultural divergence are no longer constraints to aggregating the entire human race into one global family. The term is used to describe transnational relationships, engagements, cooperation and the sharing of human, material and ideological resources across regions. Discourse on the subject has become so relevant across previously unrelated fields that their definitions have now converged on a consensus theoretical concept understood as “universal homogeneity.” The primary material, Helon Habila’s novel, Measuring Time is studied in the context of globalization and hybridity of cultures. The paper asserts that no human community should be isolated from the dynamic engagements of the wider society. This paper avers that globalization should not be advanced as an imposition of foreign cultural values; rather it should be seen as a practice that reflects mutually beneficial contact amongst people of divergent cultures. In the current dispensation, the cultural consumption and uncritical assimilation of Western values by African colonized people do not reflect the underlying objective of Globalization. This paper projected the need for a revision of the concept and to promote a symbiosis of unions where ideological, material and human capital flow across cultures in such a manner that all the actors in the ‘shrinking’ borderless world are mutual beneficiaries.Key words: Globalisation, African, Culture, Hybridity, Post-Colonialism
- Published
- 1970
35. Special Issue On Migration, Remittances, and Trade Agreements: An Introduction
- Author
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Hiranya K. Nath
- Subjects
Globalization ,business.industry ,Human migration ,Economics ,Trade creation ,Remittance ,International trade ,business ,Trade barrier ,Trade diversion ,Free trade ,Multilateralism - Abstract
The Journal of Business Strategies published a special issue on migration and remittances in Spring 2009 with six articles selected from the papers presented at the Conference on Regional Trade Agreements, Migration, and Remittances with Special Focus on CAFTA and Latin America held at the College of Business Administration, Sam Houston State University, in April 2008. The current special issue is a continuation of that effort and includes five more articles selected from the pool of papers presented at the conference. In addition to topics related to migration and remittances, this issue also includes articles on regional trade agreements (RTAs). While migration of people across natural and man-made borders has remained a powerful force that contributes to the progress of human civilization, remittances--the transfers of money by migrants to family and friends left behind in their respective home countries--have been recognized as "the most tangible and ... the least controversial link between migration and development, having the potential to contribute significantly to poverty reduction and achievement of other UN Millennium Development Goals" (Irving et al, 2010). Although new migration flows fell during 2008-09 due to the global economic crisis, existing migrants were not returning even though the employment prospects have been bleak in many destination countries. In 2008, officially recorded remittances to developing countries reached a higher-than-expected level of $338 billion and it represented a growth of about 17 percent from $289 billion in 2007. (1) While South and East Asia witnessed a stronger-than-expected growth in remittance flows during 2008-09, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East, and North Africa experienced larger-than-expected declines. (2) In addition to migration and remittances, greater trade liberalization, particularly in developing countries, has become another hallmark of the current wave of globalization. However, the development of a multilateral trading system based on global free trade under the aegis of the General Agreements on Trade and Tariff (GATT)/World Trade Organization (WTO) has been extremely slow mainly due to the complexity of multilateral negotiations. This has given way to an unprecedented proliferation of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs), which have become a prominent feature of the Multilateral Trading System (MTS). (3) Almost every country is a part of one or more RTAs. Some 462 such agreements have been notified to the GATT/WTO up to February 2010 and 271 of them were in force. This trend is likely to continue as many more RTAs are currently under negotiations. Of these RTAs, Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and partial scope agreements account for 90 percent, while customs unions (CUs) account for 10 percent. (4) The rise of RTAs raises the time-honored question of whether these agreements help or hinder global trade liberalization. The classic analysis of the "trade diversion effect" (diversion of trade from a more efficient exporter towards a less efficient one by the formation of an FTA) by Jacob Viner (Viner 1950) was later extended to a full range of theoretically plausible effects of RTAs. The expositions on the implications of RTAs for global free trade are collectively known as the "stumbling bloc" or "building bloc" debate. (5) In this debate, RTAs are "stumbling blocs" if they prevent or slow multilateral trade liberalization, while they are "building blocs" if they accelerate or at least do not hinder multilateralism. Numerous mechanisms have been presented in the literature to suggest that one or the other position is likely. The classic "trade diversion effect" as described above and the "trade creation effect" (more trade with the members of the RTA) are two such mechanisms extensively discussed in the literature. Migration and Remittances The first two articles in this special issue deal with topics related to international migration and remittances. …
- Published
- 1970
36. The Management of Multi-Industry Corporations: Discussion.
- Author
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Silver, John and Loomba, N. Paul
- Subjects
CONGLOMERATE corporations ,COMPLEX organizations ,ACADEMIC discourse ,DEBATE ,INDUSTRIAL management ,BUSINESS school curriculum ,MERGERS & acquisitions ,GLOBALIZATION ,MANAGEMENT - Abstract
The article presents two responses from John Silver and N. Paul Loomba in response to the article "The Management of Multi-Industry Corporations," by Stanley C. Vance in this same issue of "Academy of Management Proceedings." Silver discusses the shortcomings of business education programs that do not prepare students for managing complex organizations with an acquisition bend. Loomba agrees that conglomeration is here to stay and notes that these new conglomerates make decisions based on shareholder returns.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The Federation of the World.
- Author
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Seldes, Gilbert
- Subjects
INDUSTRIES ,GLOBALIZATION ,COOKING ,NIGHTCLUBS ,MUSIC ,CULTURAL industries - Abstract
Focuses on two successful international industry, namely, the French cuisine and the American night club. View that French cuisine has grown in variety and deteriorated in quality; Internationalization of the French cuisine has made it extensive and vulgar; Opinion that the night club was never a purely American creation and it only has its type of music; Statement that night clubs has sent slinking into side streets and to outlying districts the native entertainments of Europe; View that the international unit in cooking and entertainment has destroyed something that was valuable in native products and has, in fact, given a technical knowledge to other nations which they now promise to utilize.
- Published
- 1926
38. Globalisation and the Labour Market
- Author
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Brian Easton
- Subjects
Globalization ,Labour economics ,Trade theory ,General Engineering ,Economics ,Differential (mechanical device) ,Context (language use) - Abstract
This paper explores the consequences of globalisation for the labour markets. By defining globalisation as 'the consequence of the diminishing costs of distance the analysis is able to use the economist's standard trade theory to show explore the impact of globalisation on labour mobility in the impact of trade of labour conditions, and of differential mobility (the favouring of skilled migrants over unskilled migrants). Some consideration is given to the particular circumstances of the New Zealand labour market. One conclusion of this - all to brief- paper is to insist that migration must be seen in the context of a particular sort of globalisation of the labour market.
- Published
- 1970
39. Internationalisation Trends, Investment and Labour; Issues and Policy Options
- Author
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Richard Le Heron
- Subjects
Globalization ,Internationalization ,Work (electrical) ,Scope (project management) ,Process (engineering) ,Political economy ,General Engineering ,Economics ,Position (finance) ,Economic system ,Investment (macroeconomics) - Abstract
This paper takes the position that changes and trends in labour, employment and work (LEW) in New Zealand are unavoidably entangled in developments whose origins lie, in the main, outside New Zealand. It is further argued that debate about these changes and trends remains largely grounded in conceptual and theoretical frameworks which give insufficient regard to global structural realities and what these realities might mean in particular countries. Rather than rehearse the scope and content of existing LEW frameworks, this paper conceptualises a general process of globalisation centred on developments in the world capitalist accumulation process.
- Published
- 1970
40. University of Pittsburgh Management Research Center.
- Author
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Perloff, Robert
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL relations research ,CAPITAL investments ,GLOBALIZATION ,UNIVERSITY faculty - Abstract
This article reports on research programs conducted by the University of Pittsburgh's Management Research Center. David H. Blake is researching unions' responses to globalization, their strategy to counteract multinationalism, and their potential for organizing in different states. His study also focuses on union and management policies. Donald D. Bowen and Jacob P. Siegel finished their project, "Process and Performance: A Longitudinal Study of the Reactions of Small Task Groups to Periodic Performance Feedback." Edward Sussna and Harry N. Heinemann used capital investment analysis to compare investment costs and expected lifetime earnings in "Program Analysis of Community College Education of Health Manpower." They also completed "The Development of Program Analyses of Investments in Nursing Education."
- Published
- 1972
41. The 'gains' from international trade
- Author
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A. D. Brownlie
- Subjects
Economic integration ,Commercial policy ,business.industry ,International trade ,International economics ,Globalization ,Gains from trade ,International free trade agreement ,Economics ,business ,Trade barrier ,General Economics, Econometrics and Finance ,Free trade ,International finance - Abstract
(1970). The “gains” from international trade. New Zealand Economic Papers: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 53-54.
- Published
- 1970
42. Prospects for Ukraine in Regionalization and Globalization Processes
- Author
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S. Sardak and S. Radziyevska
- Subjects
regionalization ,globalization ,free trade area ,export ,EU ,Ukraine ,a full member state of the EU ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
The paper focuses on the state of Ukraine's participation in regionalization and globalization processes. The main goal of Ukraine's participation in regionalization and globalization processes is to obtain status of a full member of the EU, which becomes topical in connection with the signing of the association agreement with the EU and the adoption of the export strategy to increase Ukrainian exports of goods while improving its commodity structure. The system approach, the comparative analysis are used, the international statistical data and the materials of the Ukrainian state statistics services are processed. Directions for expanding integration ties are suggested. Priority markets are determined for the export of goods of Ukraine to countries of the EU, Asia, America and Africa.
- Published
- 1899
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Kurikulum Komunikasi dan Jurnalistik Dakwah Perbandingan dan Rekomendasi Pembaruan
- Author
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Masduki Masduki
- Subjects
PTAI ,Technological revolution ,business.industry ,BP1-253 ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Islamic Communications ,Islam ,Public relations ,Backwardness ,Dakwah Journalism ,Education ,Management ,Globalization ,State (polity) ,Phenomenon ,Journalism ,Curriculum ,Sociology ,business ,media_common - Abstract
This paper attempts to elaborate current existence of Islamic Communication curriculum, particularly Dakwah Jurnalism as one of the Islamic communication education pillars, either on state or private Islamic universities in Indonesia. Departing from an explanation of empirical phenomenon of the technological revolution and globalization of communication that broughtsignificant impacts on the communicationindustry and social-global behavior, this paper wants to criticize backwardness content of DakwahJournalism curriculum that failed to adopt both dynamics as genial formulation to form new scholar competency of Islamic Communications in modern world. The curriculum focus for journalism ethical values only shows another fact that there is a weakness on scientific exploration of the journalism science in Islamic tradition. This paper will be concluded with myanalysis for the differences of vision and mission addressed by Islamic Communication Departments (KPI) in PTAI that aggravate above conditions. This problem represents only one example of the complexity of the problems in the PTAI teaching system amidst of migration policy from IAIN into State Islamic University(UIN). To establish competitive graduates with holistic competency, it is necessary for PTAI managers to develop new framework, vision, mission and curriculum content at large. The initiatives can be started by changing Dakwah Journalism curriculum.
- Published
- 1970
44. A Basic Guide to International Advertising.
- Author
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Pollard, Braxton
- Subjects
ADVERTISING ,GLOBALIZATION ,INTERNATIONAL advertising ,INTERNATIONAL markets ,BANK marketing ,ADVERTISING campaigns ,INDUSTRIAL surveys ,CONSUMER behavior - Abstract
This article presents a basic guide to international advertising. People should not be misled by the often repeated credo that advertising to overseas markets is a complicated and totally different endeavor employing a high degree of hocus focus. If people will study the wants, needs and the ability to buy in each country and apply this knowledge to proved American advertising principles, they will have a vital mass communication force for mass production and mass consumption in the overseas markets. The need for increased market research becomes more apparent at this point. Whether the advertiser has only one product or several hundred, start by doing some plain elementary examining. Despite the promising start that has been made by international advertising agencies, and market surveys from the airlines, steamship lines, the banks and the government, the real job of gathering the specific information necessary to each business rests with the individual company. The size of the advertising budget should be governed by the task the advertising is expected to perform.
- Published
- 1960
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Localizations of HNP Rings
- Author
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Kuzmanovich, James
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Measuring the Gains from Trade—A Case Study of Pakistan's Trade with India
- Author
-
Stephen E. Guisinger and M. Afzal
- Subjects
Commercial policy ,Economic integration ,business.industry ,Geography, Planning and Development ,International economics ,International trade ,Development ,Globalization ,Gains from trade ,International free trade agreement ,Economics ,Trade barrier ,business ,Free trade ,Comparative advantage - Abstract
The recent literature on the theory of tariffs and trade restrictions has emphasized the optimality of free trade policies for both developed and develop¬ing countries. There are exceptional cases in which trade restrictions can be justified—when, for example, a country has monopoly power in trade or when certain "second-best" conditions are met.1 In general, however, it is believed that a country which imposes restrictions on its trade suffers a decline in real income. A number of studies for both developed and developing countries have estimated the economic benefits that would accrue to these countries from the elimination of all trade restrictions.* The purpose of this paper is to provide a method for measuring the economic benefits that a country would receive as the result of the elimination of a country-specific restriction while maintaining all restrictions applying to commodities. Methods of measuring the static gains to a country removing commodity restrictions are already well known and need no further elaboration. The elimination of a country-specific restriction on trade, however, presents a slightly different problem of measurement since the liberalization may affect only one portion of the country's trade and give rise to foreign exchange savings as well as the familiar gains from reduced producers' inefficiency and increased consumers' surplus.
- Published
- 1974
47. Manitoba’s Post-Secondary System Since 1967: Stability, Change and Consistency
- Author
-
Dan J. Smith
- Subjects
Government ,Globalization ,Consistency (negotiation) ,Gauge (instrument) ,Political economy ,Political science ,Big Bang (financial markets) ,Sustainability ,Ethnology ,Legislature ,Education ,System model - Abstract
This study examines the transformation of Manitoba’s post-secondary education system between 1967 and 2009 using legislative change to gauge structural change. The paper establishes the beginning of the contemporary post-secondary system with the 1967 decision of the Manitoba government to abandon the “one university” system model, a move akin to a “big bang,” redefining system norms and expectations, and setting direction which continues to be relevant today. The study revealed extensive structural change in Manitoba’s post-secondary system after 1997, the nature of which reflected the trends associated with globalization, but also reflecting the important influence that local forces have had in shaping the province’s post-secondary system.
- Published
- 1969
48. Total Productive Maintenance in RMG Sector A Case: Burlingtons Limited, Bangladesh
- Author
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Akm Sajedul Arefin Khan, Seratun Jannat, Abdullah Al-Khaled, Kingshuk Jubaer Islam, and A.K.M. Masud
- Subjects
Globalization ,Quality management ,Commerce ,Product design ,business.industry ,Economics ,Dynamism ,Total productive maintenance ,Clothing ,business ,Industrial organization ,Profit (economics) ,Skills management - Abstract
Until now the Ready Made Garments industry is considered as “The Engine of Growth” for the economy in Bangladesh in so many ways including development of women and society as a whole. The journey of export oriented Ready Made Garments industry started in the 80s with some favorable policy support from the Government of Bangladesh and preferential treatment of major apparel importing countries of the world through guaranteed share of their market. The entrepreneurs of apparel export of Bangladesh exposed mainly with “low value, low price, low quality products” with the objective of using expensive labor force of the country. But in course of time the structure and direction of world trade in RMG has changed fast. Again the scenario in trade and business is about to change due to globalization and trade liberalities under the world trade organization. It is anticipated that Bangladesh is going to face stiff competition from large number of apparel producing countries notably China, India and Pakistan. It has now become a severe challenge to the economy of Bangladesh as maximum number of garment factories go out of business throwing 10 million direct and indirect workers out of jobs which certainly brings about a socio-economic havoc. It is now essential to bring dynamism in this sector by taking some realistic steps. Such steps can be categorized as improving productivity and standard of workers, development of product design capability, quality improvement, strengthening marketing and promotion ability, improving management skills and techniques, fabric developments, increasing overall equipment efficiency etc. Burlingtons Limited, a Ready Made Garments industry in Bangladesh, was experiencing low productivity and less profit. The reasons of low productivity and possible means of improvement were then investigated by applying Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is a maintenance program, which involves a newly defined concept for maintaining plants and equipment. All sections of the factory have been studied to identify and reduce equipment losses to maximize overall equipment efficiency (OEE) by using the techniques of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). Finally, the most significant losses were indicated and eliminated and the overall equipment efficiency (OEE) was improved. The detail of the study is reported in this paper.
- Published
- 1970
49. Impact of globalization on Spatial Price Linkages in chillies: Empirical analysis using Cointegration Test
- Author
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R. V. Sujatha, K. Suhasini, and Y. Eswara Prasad
- Subjects
Poverty ,Earnings ,Cointegration ,business.industry ,Commodity ,Context (language use) ,Monetary economics ,International trade ,Domestic market ,Globalization ,jel:F1 ,Economics ,Indian Economy,External debt, Economic reforms ,business ,Productivity ,jel:Q17 - Abstract
Till recently, international trade in chillies was dominated by India. However, the exports from the country has come down considerably as China has emerged as a principal exporter of chillies. Chilli exports from India are mostly to Sri Lanka, USA, Nepal, Mexico and Bangladesh. India has immense potential to grow and export different types of chillies required by various markets around the world. India today faces stiff competition from China and Pakistan who offer their produce in international market at very competitive price. The reason may be that the prices of our chillies are too high for international markets on account of strong domestic demand. Sannam variety of chillies is in demand in importing countries. Buyers expect a high degree of hygiene and sanitation in processing and preparing chillies for export. Aflatoxin and pesticide residues are the two important problems which act as constraints in increasing chilli exports to importing countries. The recent rejection of the consignment of chillies by certain European Union countries and Australia on the grounds of Aflatoxin and pesticide residues poses a serious threat to chilli exports. Though spices form an integral part of Indian food, Indian chilies are yet to enhance their share in total spices export. The central focus of the present paper is to address two interrelated issues of chillies – the extent of co-movement of chilli prices in the domestic and world markets and the bearing of WTO measures on the extent of transmission of world prices to the domestic markets.
- Published
- 1970
50. BRITISH AND AMERICAN PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPARATIVE COSTS IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE 1
- Author
-
Robert M. Stern
- Subjects
Economic integration ,Commercial policy ,Economics and Econometrics ,business.industry ,International economics ,International trade ,Globalization ,Internationalization ,Fair trade ,Economics ,Trade barrier ,business ,Free trade ,International finance - Published
- 1962
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