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This article presents information regarding manuscripts relating to the history of America which are preserved in the British Museum. The list of manuscripts includes extract from a letter respecting the discoveries by the Russians on the northwest coast of America, a general description of the American coasts and seas, with bearings and distance of capes and headlands, observations on currents, etc., translated from a Spanish manuscript and memoirs, etc., relating to the English and French possessions in America and the West Indies.

The article discusses the English wool trading family the Celys in the late fifteenth century, drawing on the family's papers and correspondence. It particularly comments on Richard Cely and his wife Agnes and their sons Robert, Richard, and George. The author reflects on the life of George while running family business activities in Calais, France, noting that he took music and dancing classes and was interested in hawks and horses. The author also addresses the sons' courtship activities and marriages.

The article presents excerpts from two British governmental documents from 1852, the first called House of Commons (H.C.) Paper 499, which presented evidence from an inquiry into education in Salford and Manchester, England, and H.C. Paper 265, which documented epidemic eye disease in Ireland's Kanturk Union workhouses.

An essay is presented on country gentlemen in the British Parliament from 1750 to 1783. It comments on the independence of the country gentlemen from the government administration and factions. The author considers the Whigs and Tories and the identification of Tories with the independent country gentlemen over time. The views of the country gentlemen on the crisis leading up to the American Revolutionary War are addressed. Gentlemen discussed include Sir Roger Newdigate and John Phillips.

A biography of French spy, diplomat, and soldier Chevalier Charles Geneviève Louis Auguste André Timothée D'Eon de Beaumont, born in 1728, is presented. It comments on his service in the French secret diplomacy system Le Secret du Roi, noting that he dressed as a woman for espionage purposes. The author considers D'Eon's postings in Russia and in England and examines his rivalry with Comte Claude Louis François Régnier de Guerchy. The controversy of D'Eon's anatomical sex is also explored.

The article discusses "The History of the Times," vol. 4, "The 150th Anniversary and Beyond, 1912-1948." "The Times," published continuously at Printing House Square, London since 1785, is more than a newspaper. It is a national institution that has long played a role, sometimes a highly creditable one, sometimes reverse, in the shaping of British policy and even in its implementation. Consequently the history of the Times provides the student of modern Great Britain and indeed of the modern world, with an indispensable supplement to the history of its times.

Excerpts from the 1854 government report entitled "Northcote-Trevelyan Report on the Organization of the Permanent Civil Service" by Sir Stafford Northcote and Sir Charles Trevelyan, detailing the scope of civil service duties in the administration of Great Britain's government, are presented.

The article presents excerpts of several British Parliamentary papers from 1851, including "Report on the Present State of Certain Parts of the Metropolis," printed by Order of the House of Commons as H.C. 388 on intermittent fever, also called ague or malaria, in London, England, letters between the British Secretary of the Admiralty and the P. & O. Steam Navigation Company, and a return of head money paid out for pirates killed in Borneo.

The article presents quotes about British politics, government, and foreign affairs from British politicians, including Sir William Harcourt, Sir Robert Inglis, and Sir M. Hicks Beach.

The article, number VIII in the journal's Historical Sources series, discusses the Borthwick Institute of Historical Research in York, England, noting that it provides access to the archives of the Province and Archdiocese of York from 1217 to 1850. The author comments that it also contains records pertinent to students of administrative, social, and economic history.

The article features Prince Charles Philip Arthur George, King of Great Britain. It details some of his life's experiences, interests, careers and the women he dated. It also states his royal positions such as being the Prince of Wales, Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Earl of Carrick, Lord of the Isles and Great Steward of Scotland.

The current political condition of Great Britain has been analyzed in the article. It has been viewed that the Labour party can be relied upon to clean whatever mess the English Tories may choose to make. Party leader Harold Wilson has just done it with the devaluation of the pound, and the American press is even more jubilant than the Tories. The irony in the present episode is that Harold Wilson is a far better economist than are most politicians. However, a question has been raised that why didn't he devalue shortly after taking office and blame the necessity, fairly enough, on his predecessor. It has been assessed that the Labour party had a very small margin in the British House of Commons and to govern at all probably had to make commitments which tied Wilson's hands.

The article discusses the Rye House Plot, a conspiracy to murder English King Charles II in 1683. It particularly highlights the involvement of politician and republican political theorist Algernon Sidney, examining his trial for High Treason before Lord Chief Justice Sir George Jeffreys. The author considers the involvement of other plotters, including Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, William Russell, Lord Russell, and Richard Rumbold, called "Hannibal." The possibility of the government inventing the conspiracy is addressed.

The article discusses eighteenth century English political cartoons and caricatures. It examines how prints were used by the political opposition and reflected anti-ministerial positions. The author considers cartoons targeting measures including the imposition of an excise tax in 1733, Jewish naturalization in 1753, and a proposed cider tax in 1762, and people including statesman Charles James Fox and Prime Ministers Frederick North, Lord North and Sir Robert Walpole. Cartoonists discussed include William Hogarth and James Gillray.

The article discusses the visit of Queen Victoria of Great Britain to Ireland in 1853, during which she visited the Irish cities of Cork, Dublin, and Belfast. It comments that the occasion of her visit was the Industrial Exhibition held in Dublin that year, and examines her relations with the Exhibition's chief promoter, William Dargan. Other topics explored by the author include relations between Great Britain and Ireland, relations between Catholics and Protestants in Ireland, and the Irish education system.

A literary criticism of the book "North Country Life in the Eighteenth Century: The North East, 1700-1750," by Edward Hughes is presented. It examines the history of North-Eastern England during the eighteenth century, focusing on social and economic aspects of mining and the coal trade. The author comments on family manuscripts used as sources, including those of businessman William Cotesworth. Politics in the region are also described, particularly Whig and Tory political candidates.

The article discusses British politics at the time of the accession of Queen Victoria, who succeeded King William IV in 1837. It comments on the dynamics of royal support for political parties and addresses the fortunes of several parties, including the Conservatives, Tories, Whigs, and Radicals. Various British politicians are examined, including Prime Ministers Sir Robert Peel, Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, and William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. The British Reform Act of 1832 is also considered.

The article discusses the accession of Elizabeth I, Queen of England, in 1558. It examines her relations with the previous English Queen, Mary Tudor, or Mary I, and also comments on her relations with Mary Queen of Scots. The author considers relations between Protestants and Catholics in England at this time and reflects on Elizabeth's religious policy. Other topics include Elizabeth's coronation, her first meeting with Parliament, her political independence, and her visibility to residents of London, England.

The article discusses the relationship between politicians William Gerard Hamilton and Edmund Burke, noting their patron-client relationship from 1759 to 1765. It comments on their time together in Ireland while Hamilton served as the Secretary to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and reflects on the end of their friendship following a disagreement about Hamilton retaining Burke's services. The author examines the two men's correspondence and explores Burke's characterizations of Hamilton as a "villain" and "scoundrel."

The article discusses the British capture and later loss of Buenos Aires, Argentina, in hostilities with Spain in 1806-1807, during the Anglo-Spanish War. It comments on high expectations in Great Britain following the capture and addresses trade conducted by British merchants on Argentina's River Plate. The author notes that the British were forced to withdraw from Buenos Aires and from Montevideo, Uruguay following the Spanish reconquest. British military figures considered include Commodore Sir Home Popham.

The article discusses the careers of German-British chemist and industrialist Ludwig Mond and his son, industrialist and politician Alfred Mond. It comments on their involvement in several companies, including Brunner, Mond and Co., and their involvement in several industries, including gas, ammonia, and nickel. The author also reflects on Alfred Mond's views on free trade and economic regulation, noting his shift from the Liberal Party to the Conservative Party. Alfred Mond's Zionism is also noted.

The article discusses the political career of British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, who succeeded Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin in 1937. It particularly focuses on his foreign policy in the years leading up to World War II, commenting on his views concerning British rearmament. The author also considers Chamberlain's policy of appeasement toward Nazi Germany and German leader Adolf Hitler, reflecting on the German invasions of Poland and Czechoslovakia. Baldwin's background as a businessman is also noted.

The article discusses the alliance between Great Britain and Japan, focusing on the period 1902 to 1952. It examines European interests in Asia and reflects on how the relationship between Great Britain and Japan was impacted by relations with other countries, particularly China, Russia, France, and the United States. Topics explored by the author include the Russian occupation of Manchuria, China, Great Britain's "open door" trade policy in China, and international relations in the post-World War II period.

The article discusses the subject matter and purpose of history. It comments on popular history, pseudo-history, biographies, and textbooks. The author compares the fields of history and psycho-analysis. He also considers the questions of whether history repeats itself and whether humans can learn from history. Other topics include Great Britain's historical attitudes toward Spain and France, the French Revolution, and the History of Parliament project, featuring biographies of British Members of Parliament in the House of Commons.

The article discusses the commercial history of rubber, or caoutchouc, plantations in the British Empire. It examines British governmental policy concerning rubber and comments on the introduction of seedlings of rubber plants into Malaya and Ceylon. The author comments on the influence of several individuals on the rubber trade, including Sir Clements Markham, a lexicographer, historian and colonial administrator, Sir Henry Wickham, a bio-pirate and explorer, and James Collins, a pharmaceutical museum curator.

The article presents the second part of a reprint of an account by British Prime Minister Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, concerning the resignation of British Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone and Rosebery's ascendancy to the premiership. It examines Rosebery's correspondence with Queen Victoria and comments on his interactions with other British political figures, including statesman John Morley, 1st Viscount Morley of Blackburn.

The article presents a reprint of a narrative by British Prime Minister Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, on the formation of the British Government of 1894 and the resignation of Liberal Prime Minister William Ewart Gladstone. It examines the possibility of Sir William Harcourt, Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons, becoming Prime Minister.

The article discusses a group of tall soldiers called the Potsdam Lifeguards who served Frederick William I of Prussia, in modern-day Germany. It particularly comments on Frederick William I's relations with Great Britain, noting that British King George I sent him tall soldiers as a gift. The author also comments on British men who were kidnapped and held in Prussia, including William Willis and John Evans. The views and actions of British diplomat in Prussia Melchior Guy Dickens are also considered.

The article presents a reprint of a report of a conversation between British representative Henry Ellis and French leader Napoleon Bonaparte that took place at Longwood, St. Helena on July 1, 1817, which was printed in the book "Journal of the Proceedings of the Late Embassy to China," by Henry Ellis and can be found in the British Foreign Office (FO) 27/85 records. Topics include Russia's military power, England's involvement in the affairs of Europe, and Bonaparte's oratory skills.

The article discusses the political career of British Prime Minister Sir Robert Walpole. It examines his attitude toward politics, his influence on England's taxation and financial administration, and charges of corruption against him. The author also considers Great Britain's Parliament and particularly the House of Commons. Other topics explored by the author include Walpole's exploitation of the political patronage system, his views on foreign affairs, and his rivalry with statesman Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend.

The article discusses the history of York, England. It examines Roman and Saxon times and comments on the resistance of York to the Norman conquest. Buildings in the city considered include York Station, the Lord Mayor's Mansion House, and the Guildhall, formerly known as the Common-hall. The author reflects on poverty, depression, and decline in York in the age of England's Tudor monarchs. Other topics include building destruction and construction in the nineteenth century and the city's population growth.

The article, part two of an article series on the social structure of England, discusses the history of the middle classes in England. It comments on the so-called "new rich" and their relations with the landed gentry and nobility, examining education at Grammar Schools and Public Schools. The author considers the status of several professions, including dissenting ministers, teachers, intellectuals, shopkeepers, and farmers. Other topics include salary-earners and profit-makers in the lower middle class, women's clerical work, and the relative shrinkage of the upper class.

The article discusses the history of the beef industry in Argentina. It addresses the history of Argentina's Pampas region, commenting on cowboys and herders known as gauchos and Argentine military and political leader Juan Manuel de Rosas. The article examines the growth of the industry with the advent of refrigeration and the growth of alfalfa. The author particularly considers the trade relationship between Great Britain and Argentina, noting the reluctance of Argentina to import British manufactured goods. The policies of Argentine president Juan Peron are also explored.

The article discusses the development of the world rubber market and the crude rubber situation in 1924. The article presents the early history of rubber, from its first use as an eraser to its vulcanization by Charles Goodyear in 1839. The article illustrates its growth in use and demand from 1836 through 1922. The evolution of wild rubber sources to the development of plantations is detailed. The article explains how the rubber trade is conducted, from its source to its import. Rubber consumption since the end of the first World War has increased and the article addresses the effect of the British Stevenson Plan on the stabilization of prices. The author advocates for the securing of adequate supplies by investing in countries able to compete in rubber production.