Search

Studies micro-meteorological measurements that were made during March, May, July, August and October in a seven-year-old hedgerow-type apple orchard. Measurements of Energy balance; Empirical relationship between net and short-wave radiations; Influence of temperature and vapor pressure profiles in the orchards.

Yields of apple fruits over 55 mm or 2¼ in. in diameter of cv. Cox's Orange Pippin in orchards studied in Kent were significantly decreased in only two out of five years between 1965 and 1971 by infestations of fruit tree red spider mite. In both these years, early peak populations of the mite occurred before mid-July. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares the soils of two atypical apple orchards with typical soils from five grassed and two arable orchards on other holdings, all within five miles of Wisbech. The soil of these plots was later sampled to find whether the treatments had affected the earthworm population, but the results were inconclusive as very few worms were found in treated or untreated plots. The soils of two apple orchards also had an atypical peaty surface mat and poor crumb structure. Exceptional amounts of Bordeaux mixture had been used in both orchards since 1926 and in one 300 pounds per acre of copper had been applied since grassing down in 1945.

This article discusses a study on the incidence of scab infections in apple orchards in England and Wales for the period 1956-1960. Study of the charts for the five years of the investigation leaves no doubt that the scab weather conditions are of general and widespread distribution throughout the regions. It would appear that the nation-wide times of scab weather can be detected equally well either by surface-wetness recorders working in a limited number of orchards in each district or by hourly records of the duration of high humidity following rain at a small network of standard weather stations in the same districts.

The article offers information on Cerrado, the principal vegetation of most of Central Brazil. It is said that the stands of the said vegetation vary in size and density of the trees, from small and scattered to large and dense. The gradient has been codified in terms of basal area of trunks per hectare and divided into four intergrading categories. It is cited that the physiognomic gradient of cerrado vegetation from stands of small, scattered trees through orchard, to well-developed woodland, has been found parallel to soil fertility gradient.

Cites the key findings of a survey of apple orchard and tree structure together with measurements of light penetration and its effect on fruit quality. Two distinct types of apple orchard types that predominate the sector; Light penetration levels into the heterogeneous structure of apple orchards arising from the distance between apple trees and tree structure; Implications on ecological studies.

Examines the effects of sprays of insecticides DDT, benzene hexachloride, lead arsenate and nicotine on insects living on apple trees. Impact of application of non-selective pesticides to vegetation on animal community; Reason for success of integrated control of chemicals in apple orchards of eastern Canada; Effect of the insecticide DDT on apple orchards; Influence of sprays on the population of phytophagous species in orchards.

Studies the influence of sprays on populations of Panonychus ulmi and its predators, Blepharidopterus angulatus in a apple orchard. Life history of Panonychus ulmi and its predators; Effects of sprays on populations of Panonychus ulmi and its predators.

This article presents a study on two types of orchard infection by Gloeosporium species. Etiological work on bitter rot disease of stored apples has shown that the main causal organisms, Gloeosporium perennans Zeller and Childs and Gloeosporium album Osterw., overwinter in the orchard as tree infections. Both species live as saprophytes on dead stubs, snags and fruiting spurs, while G. perennans also invades pruning wounds and other branch injuries to form extensive cankers and dieback lesions. Saprophytic infections of both Gloeosporium perennans and Gloeosporium album on old mummified Cox fruitlets have been found to constitute an economically important orchard source of bitter rot disease. The experimental establishment of leaf scar infections of Gloeosporium perennans is reported.