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2. Minnesota Junior College Faculty 1969 Conferences. Reports and Papers from Three Conferences on Innovation.
- Author
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Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis., Moen, Norman W., and Shaner, James P.
- Abstract
Three conferences on educational innovation raised basic questions concerning goals and values for junior college students. Speakers addressed each of the conferences on problems encountered in their respective areas of humanities, social sciences, and physical sciences. The addresses are presented, along with recommendations made by the conference participants. Suggestions stemming from the humanities conference include expansion of subject matter to include non-Western cultures, interdepartmental courses, team teaching, and field trips. Participants in the conference on social sciences discussed (1) possibilities for eliminating punitive aspects of grading systems, such as flunking courses; (2) alternatives to traditional course requirements such as writing papers; (3) supplements to traditional classroom materials such as outside presentations and seminars; and (4) possibilities for independent studies. Recommendations resulting from the conference on physical sciences stressed use of video-tapes and closed-circuit television, flexibility in laboratory use, and the creation of a new grading system. (RC)
- Published
- 1969
3. Results of Questionnaire on Current Awareness Methods used by Physicists Prior to Publication of 'Current Papers in Physics.'
- Author
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Institution of Electrical Engineers, London (England)., American Inst. of Physics, New York, NY., Slater, Margaret, and Keenan, Stella
- Abstract
The Institution of Electrical Engineers conducted a study in the United Kingdom and the United States to determine the need for their new publication "Current Papers in Physics (CPP)," and its usefulness to the physics community. Questionnaires were used to (1) recruit panel members to test reader reaction to the publication over a period of one year, (2) collect necessary background on panelists, (3) determine methods used by physicists to obtain current information prior to CPP, and (4) discover what physicists felt a good awareness journal in physics should be like. Prior to CPP, the three most widely used methods of current awareness were (1) scanning current issues of journals (2) contacts with colleagues, and (3) listening to presentations at meetings. The use of abstract journals was a major method of both retrospective search and current awareness. A major concern for an awareness journal was that it be current. Physicists were concerned with specialized aspects of physics and not general information. Appendixes contain (1) questionnaires, (2) additional panel data, (3) data on overseas panels, and (4) comments on published abstract journals as current awareness tools. (DH)
- Published
- 1967
4. New Approaches to Science Education Research, Abstracts of Presented Papers at the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, 42nd Annual Meeting, Pasadena, California, February 1969.
- Author
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ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
Provided are abstracts of 44 papers presented at the annual conference of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching at Pasadena, California, February 6-9, 1969. Abstracts were provided by the authors and were edited by the ERIC Center for Science Education. Major topic headings include instruction in elementary science, the teaching of biology, teacher education programs in science, the teaching of chemistry, new instruments for research, the structure of knowledge, surveys of research, the teaching of physical sciences, new approaches and materials, the development of teaching competencies, the ways children learn, and the teaching of earth science. (GR)
- Published
- 1969
5. Science in the Sixth Form, Working Paper No. 4.
- Author
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Schools Council, London (England).
- Abstract
These proceedings of a 1965 conference on the teaching of science in the sixth form of English schools contain summaries of each speaker's introduction to his paper, the full text of his circulated paper, and a summary of the discussion that followed. The papers were titled the sixth form; "Structure and Properties of Matter" as a sixth form course; biology in the sixth form; engineering studies; general and special studies in science; science for the arts specialist; and sixth form curriculum and examinations. During the conference the "Structure and Properities of Matter" course was renamed "Physical Sciences." Post-scripts on the physical sciences course, on engineering studies, and on the proposal for a major/minor/general studies pattern of sixth form work have been added to provide information on subsequent thought and action in these three fields which were the most controversial topics discussed at the conference. (AL)
- Published
- 1966
6. Marine Science Teaching at the University Level. Report of the Unesco Workshop on University Curricula. Unesco Technical Papers in Marine Science No. 19.
- Author
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United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France). Div. of Marine Sciences.
- Abstract
A group of marine science education educators from several countries were requested to provide guidelines for the education and training of marine scientists and formulate recommended curricula in the following disciplines: marine biology (including fisheries biology), physical oceanography, and marine geology. Included in the report are: (1) Introduction, (2) Objectives of Marine Science Education, (3) Organization, (4) Curriculum, (5) Teaching Facilities, (6) Recommendations, (7) Textbooks and Reference Materials, (8) Journals and Reviews, and (9) Selected Publishers. (Author/RH)
- Published
- 1974
7. The Paper Rocket
- Author
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Hoehn, Robert G.
- Published
- 1973
8. Science on the Wing: Paper Kites for the Classroom
- Author
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Kesler, Ronald
- Abstract
Provides directions for the construction of two different kites in the junior high school science classroom. (JR)
- Published
- 1974
9. The Great Paper Boat Contest
- Author
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Kesler, Ronald L.
- Published
- 1972
10. Inspection of transparent surfaces using photosensitive paper
- Author
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Minton, F. R and Graham, U. O
- Subjects
Physical Sciences - Abstract
Window surface is laid flat on top of photosensitive paper. Opposite side of glass is covered by black cloth. Window edges are then illuminated by light flash through fiber optics. Exposed paper is processed and inspected. Paper shows scratches, bubbles, dust particles, and fingerprints on glass surface.
- Published
- 1974
11. Coded photographic proof paper could serve as convenient densitometer
- Author
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Winslow, D. J
- Subjects
Physical Sciences - Abstract
Standard print-out proofing paper, preprinted with an identifying code, serves as convenient densitometer. Exposure to light darkens the paper and gives a measure of the density of the resultant photographic image or the total amount of exposure sustained by the paper.
- Published
- 1967
12. Instructional Uses of Computers in Higher Education: A Survey of Higher Education in Massachusetts.
- Author
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Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA. and Demb, Ada Barbara
- Abstract
A survey of computer use was conducted in 1974 in a small, nonrandom sample of Massachusetts colleges and universities. Allowing for inflation, but adjusting for the increase in computer power per dollar, it is clear that significantly more computer power is being devoted to instruction--both "with" and "about" the computer. The percentage of computer-using courses teaching "with" the computer is estimated to be about 70 to 75 percent of the total number of courses using computers. In particular, physical sciences, social sciences, business, and mathematics have increased their computer use. The bulk of the application is in drill and practice, problem-solving, games, and simulations. Each of these applications is found in most of the departments reporting use of the computer. By contrast, there are very few instances of tutorial or inquiry and retrieval uses. (Author/WCM)
- Published
- 1974
13. High School Oceanography.
- Author
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Falmouth Public Schools, MA.
- Abstract
This book is a compilation of a series of papers designed to aid high school teachers in organizing a course in oceanography for high school students. It consists of twelve papers, with references, covering each of the following: (1) Introduction to Oceanography, (2) Geology of the Ocean, (3) The Continental Shelves, (4) Physical Properties of Sea Water, (5) Waves and Tides, (6) Oceanic Circulation, (7) Air-Sea Interaction, (8) Sea Ice, (9) Chemical Oceanography, (10) Marine Biology, (11) The Origin and Development of Life in the Sea, and (12) Aquaculture, Its Status and Potential. The topics suggested are intended to give a balanced coverage to the subject matter of oceanography and provide for a one semester course. It is suggested that the topics be presented with as much laboratory and field work as possible. This work was prepared under an ESEA Title III contract. (HB)
- Published
- 1970
14. THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CONCEPTS OF FORCE ATTAINED AND MATURITY AS INDICATED BY GRADE LEVELS.
- Author
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Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Research and Development Center for Cognitive Learning. and HELGESON, STANLEY L.
- Abstract
REPORTED IS A STUDY CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE THE RELATIVE LEVELS OF UNDERSTANDING OF CERTAIN FORCE CONCEPTS ACHIEVED BY PUPILS IN GRADES 2-6. EVALUATIONS WERE MADE BY MEANS OF PENCIL-AND-PAPER MULTIPLE-CHOICE TYPE TESTS, ONE FOR EACH LEVEL OF UNDERSTANDING--(1) KNOWLEDGE, (2) COMPREHENSION, AND (3) APPLICATION. SUB-PROBLEMS OF THE STUDY WERE (1) TO DETERMINE IF THERE WERE SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN LEVELS OF ACHIEVEMENT OF PUPILS IN GRADES 2-6, AND (2) TO DETERMINE IF THERE WERE SIGNIFICANT CORRELATIONS BETWEEN I.Q. AND TEST SCORES. UNIFORM INSTRUCTION WAS ACHIEVED AMONG CLASSES BY UTILIZATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL UNITS WHICH WERE DESIGNED FOR THE STUDY. THE REPORT IS DIVIDED INTO FIVE PARTS--(1) THE PROBLEM, (2) REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE, (3) PROCEDURE, (4) RESULTS, AND (5) CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS. THE CONCLUSION SECTION TABULATES AT WHICH LEVEL OF UNDERSTANDING AND AT WHICH GRADE LEVEL EACH CONCEPT WAS UNDERSTOOD. A BIBLIOGRAPHY IS INCLUDED. LESSON PLANS AND TESTS UTILIZED IN THE PROJECT ARE IN PRACTICAL PAPER NO. 4 OF THE CENTER FOR COGNITIVE LEARNING, "LESSON PLANS AND TESTS OF KNOWLEDGE, COMPREHENSION, AND APPLICATION FOR INSTRUCTION." (DH)
- Published
- 1968
15. Approach to Physical Sciences, 1974.
- Author
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New South Wales Univ., Kensington (Australia). and Schwartz, A.
- Abstract
Methods of teaching physics and chemistry, which revolve around the inclusion of high school courses within the overall science curriculum and whose emphasis is on the latest developments in scientific research and technology, were the subject of the thirteenth annual Summer School for Senior Science Teachers. Paper themes are concerned with teaching approach and course content for the various physical and chemical sciences. (NTIS)
- Published
- 1974
16. Titles and Abstracts of Papers Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1937.
- Subjects
GEOGRAPHY ,EARTH sciences ,PHYSICAL sciences ,EROSION ,CLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
Presents abstracts of research papers and speeches on geographic study. Erosion cycle in a rugged mountain region and changes in settlement patterns at the eastern Canadian Arctic; Contributions of U.S. scientists to the geographic knowledge of the Central Pacific; Establishment of a unique climatic study.
- Published
- 1938
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. On-Line; Special Summer Issue on ICM 74.
- Author
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Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Center for Research on Learning and Teaching. and Zinn, Karl L.
- Abstract
The proceedings of the 1974 Conference on Instructional Computing in Michigan comprise this special issue of the newsletter on educational use of computers among Michigan colleges and universities. Individual papers were presented on conceptual, technical, and practical aspects of instructional computing in (1) mathematics, (2) the physical and environmental sciences, (3) the behavioral and social sciences, and (4) the arts and music. The last section of the document includes materials and papers on the administration and operation of instructional computing systems. Demonstrations of existing systems and capabilities in the state of Michigan are described. Appendixes include listings of contributors, displays from institutions, and program committees and supporting institutions. (DGC)
- Published
- 1974
18. Air Quality Instrumentation. Volume 2.
- Author
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Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh, PA., Scales, John W., Scales, John W., and Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh, PA.
- Abstract
To insure a wide dissemination of information describing advances in measurement and control techniques, the Instrument Society of America (ISA) has published this monograph of selected papers, the second in a series, from recent ISA symposia dealing with air pollution. Papers range from a discussion of individual pollutant measurements to discussions of sample conditioners, calibration methods and devices, and data acquisition systems. Titles include: Energy Dispersive X-Ray Emission Spectrometry for Multielement Analysis of Air Particulates; Applications of a Precision Ozone Generator in Calibration of Ozone/Oxidant Analyzers and Inlet-Sample Air; Use of an Automated Gas Chromatograph in Smog Chamber Studies; The Wickedness of Air Pollution Measurements; A Motor Vehicle Emissions-Monitoring and Inspection System; Qualification Testing of an Infrared Analyzer System for SO2 and NO in Power Plant Stack Gas; Ringelmann Numbers and the Law; Experience with Industrial Hygiene and Air Monitoring Equipment; Variable Dilution Interface System for Source Pollutant Gases; Continuous Monitoring of Stack Gases; Pollution Abatement - More Than Meets the Eye; Calibrating Trace Gas Analyzers Using Permeation Tubes; A High Specificity Carbon Monoxide Analyzer; Fluidic Sensors to Measure Velocities Under Adverse Conditions; and A Continuous Ultraviolet Absorption Ozone Photometer. (BT)
- Published
- 1974
19. Adenosine metabolism in human erythrocytes
- Author
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Meyskens, Frank L and Williams, Hibbard E
- Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biological Sciences ,Adenine ,Adenine Nucleotides ,Adenosine Triphosphate ,Aminohydrolases ,Carbon Isotopes ,Chlorides ,Deamination ,Electrophoresis ,Erythrocytes ,Guanine Nucleotides ,Humans ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Hypoxanthines ,Kinetics ,Magnesium ,Nucleosides ,Nucleotides ,Paper ,Phosphates ,Phosphoglycerate Kinase ,Phosphotransferases ,Physical Sciences ,Biological sciences ,Physical sciences - Abstract
1. 1. The metabolism of [8-14C]adenosine was examined in human erythrocytes and erythrocyte lysates. 2. 2. The metabolism of [8-14C]adenosine in erythrocytes is largely dependent upon its concentration. 3. 3. Adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase activities were assayed in crude erythrocyte lysates. No adenosine phosphorylase activity was detected. 4. 4. Adenosine deaminase exhibited a Km for adenosine of 4 · 10-5 M. Substrate inhibition of the enzyme was exhibited at concentrations of adenosine greater than 2 · 10-4 M. No inhibition of deaminase activity by equimolar or greater concentration of AMP, ADP, ATP, GDP, GTP, Pi, guanylic acid or 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was noted, but 20 % inhibition by high concentrations of adenine and inosine was observed. 5. 5. Adenosine kinase required ATP (Km = 4 · 10-4 M), adenosine (Km = 1.9 · 10-6 M), and Mg2+ for activity. No substrate inhibition by adenosine occurred at concentrations 20 times its Km. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate and Mg2+ were inhibitory at concentrations greater than 1.25 mM and 0.50 mM, respectively. The reaction of ATP with adenosine kinase was competitively inhibited by AMP, ADP, guanylic acid, GDP, IMP, and adenine. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate was variably replaceable as the phosphate donor by a wide range of triphosphates. © 1971.
- Published
- 1971
20. Water--1970. Chemical Engineering Progress Symposium Series No. 107, Volume 67, 1971.
- Author
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American Inst. of Chemical Engineers, New York, NY. and Cecil, Lawrence K.
- Abstract
Due to the tremendous interest in all phases of environmental control, particularly with reference to water pollution control, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) is attempting to provide the lay public with accurate information about water resources so they may react with proper knowledge and constructive activity. This anthology of papers presented at AIChE meetings during 1970 reports on the rapid progress made in the control of the aqueous environment. Primarily of value to chemical engineers, the papers deal with a variety of topics from thermal conditions in water and phosphorus removal to desalting potentials and waste treatment. Ninety-one papers have been selected for inclusion in this resource. (BL)
- Published
- 1971
21. Air Quality Instrumentation. Volume 1.
- Author
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Instrument Society of America, Pittsburgh, PA. and Scales, John W.
- Abstract
To insure a wide dissemination of information describing advances in measurement and control techniques, the Instrument Society of America (ISA) has published this monograph of selected papers from recent ISA symposia dealing with air pollution. Papers range from a discussion of some relatively new applications of proven techniques to discussions of stack monitoring, calibration sources, and meteorological effects. Titles include: The Key Role of Instrumentation in Pollution Control, Pollution Control--A Corporate Dilemma, Where Air Pollution Control Stands as an Industry, Current Trends in Continuous Air Pollution Monitoring Systems, Ambient Air Programs--An Inaccurate Measurement, Air Pollution Testing in the Metals Industry, Air Conservation Van, Measurement of Air Pollutant Penetration into Building Interiors, Automated Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Sulfur Pollutants, A Gas Chromatographic Method for Automatic Monitoring of Pollutants in Ambient Air, Multi-Parameter Air Quality Analyzer, Hydrocarbon Analysis in Auto Exhaust by Various Instrumental Methods, A Stable Ozone Source Applicable as a Secondary Standard for Calibration of Atmospheric Monitors, A Calibration System for Trace Analysis, Monitoring Stationary Source Emissions for Air Pollutants with Photometric Analyzer Systems, and Analysis of Selected Elements in Atmospheric Particulate Matter by Atomic Absorption. (BL)
- Published
- 1972
22. Predictors of Achievement in an Audio-Tutorial Physical Science Course.
- Author
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Butzow, John W. and Pare, Roland R.
- Abstract
Reported is a study designed to determine the relative influence of selected variables on student attitude and success in a course in physical science for elementary education majors. Success measures were the number of units a student completed during the semester and the student's end of course attitude toward both the course and the method of instruction. Nine variables were selected for use in the study and included factors related to academic achievement, critical thinking ability, previous science and mathematics courses completed in high school and college. An equation was formulated to predict the number of units a student will complete in a semester (.05 level of confidence). Five variables were found to contribute significantly to the prediction equation for units completed: cumulative grade point average, number of science and/or mathematics courses completed, score on pretest achievement assessment, class membership (freshman, sophomore, etc.), and grade contracted for. The three variables most influential in predicting student attitude were the pretest form of the Laboratory Attitude Inventory score, number of science and/or mathematics courses completed, and grade point average. The student's attitude at the start of the semester contributed 18.67 percent of the observed variance, indicating that attitudes are developed early, persist, and have a strong influence. (Authors/PEB)
- Published
- 1974
23. Elementary School Children's Level of Attainment of Selected Classificatory Science Concepts.
- Author
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Voelker, Alan M.
- Abstract
Reported is a study on the measurement of concept attainment for the purpose of developing a measuring system and a model of attainment abilities and establishing relationships between learned concepts and cognitive abilities. Thirty concepts, ten for each of the biological, earth, and physical science areas, were selected from six fourth grade texts and analyzed in terms of the level to which concepts, attributes, and examples were identified. A 12-item test was constructed for each concept. Statistical results from concept and task attainments for boys and girls indicated the highest attainment level on biological concepts, the lowest level in physical science, and subtle differences in the performance of girls and boys. Results from a further simplex analysis of the task attainment scores supported the postulation of a concept attainment hierarchy. Children responded well on tasks dealing with gross perceptions rather than fine distinctions among examples and non-examples of a concept with the gross perception level preferred to the fine perception level. The attainment of a concept was a function of its association with the concrete world. Reexamination of science curriculum, instructional procedures, and children's cognitive abilities in terms of concept learning was recommended. (CC)
- Published
- 1972
24. The Level of Mastery of Selected Classificatory Science Concepts.
- Author
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Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Research and Development Center for Cognitive Learning. and Voelker, Alan M.
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the potential use of A Schema for Testing the Level of Concept Mastery in measuring attainment of classificatory concepts in science. Classificatory concepts from the biological, earth, and physical sciences were included. For each of the 30 concepts included in the study a 12-item test was constructed to measure children's attainment of each of twelve schema tasks. The schema is useful in identifying and analyzing classificatory concepts and preparing related concept attainment tests. The tests have been administered to sixth-grade children to determine the level of concept attainment by concept and among science areas. [Not available in hardcopy due to marginal legibility of original document.] (Author/AL)
- Published
- 1971
25. Applying Skinner's Contingencies of Reinforcement in Auto-Paced Learning Laboratories.
- Author
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Siemankowski, Francis T.
- Abstract
Although educational research has produced an abundance of useful findings, the quality of education has improved but very little. In spite of an ever-increasing financial outlay at all governmental levels, schools are falling short of expectations of those who must use the products of public education. The answer to, "Why can't the schools improve the product?" will not be found through use of industrial concepts, but by a better understanding of the learning process. The effectiveness of Skinner's learning psychology as applied in the Auto-Paced Teaching Process (APT) as compared to conventional instruction is tested. The sample included 132 college science students: 44 in APT group; 88 in the conventionally taught control group. Subjects were randomly assigned to groups. Treatment variable tested was the effect of Skinner's contingencies of reinforcement employed in instruction of the APT group. Criterion tests included achievement tests, Purdue Attitude, STEP-Listening, Welch Science Process Inventory, and Science Unit Rating Scale. ANOVA of achievement test scores show APT significantly higher at .025 level in 2 of the 3 science topics studied. Covariate analysis of attitude scores significantly favor APT students at .001 level. APT students took 28% less time to complete assigned tasks. Results indicate that application of clinically tested learning theories to classroom instruction will produce greater teaching efficiency. (Author/PR)
- Published
- 1971
26. An Evaluation of a Museum Science Education Project with Social Integration and Urban Environmental Problems as a Focus.
- Author
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Philadelphia School District, PA. and Allen, David W.
- Abstract
The Paired School Science Project (PSSP) conducted between public and parochial schools was evaluated over a period from 1968-71. A pilot program was carried out among fifth and sixth grade students of 30 schools in the 1967-68 school year. During the study period, these classes of the paired schools were bused to the Franklin Institute for integrated physical-biological science instruction one day a week for seven weeks. Students ate lunch together and then left for their respective schools. The program was extended to a whole day experience beginning in 1970, and a workshop for teachers and principals was added during the last school year. Museum resources and examination of urban environmental problems were emphasized. The student interaction category system, cultural awareness questionnaires, achievement tests, semantic differentials, sociometric studies, and interview techniques were used in evaluation. A parent questionnaire was used in the 1970-71 school year. Analyses showed that significant gain differences existed between the PSSP and the control groups. Parent participation was fairly successful. Sensitivity to environmental problems was enhanced, and student interactions occurred mostly between paired schools from similar geographic locations. Six days of social interaction had little effect on student attitude changes. (CC)
- Published
- 1973
27. Development of Test Items Related to Selected Concepts Within the Scheme the Particle Nature of Matter.
- Author
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State Univ. of New York, Buffalo. Dept. of Instruction., Wisconsin Univ., Madison. School of Education., Doran, Rodney L., and Pella, Milton O.
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop tests items with a minimum reading demand for use with pupils at grade levels two through six. An item was judged to be acceptable if the item satisfied at least four of six criteria. Approximately 250 students in grades 2-6 participated in the study. Half of the students were given instruction to develop the ability to use concepts from the particle nature of matter. The test items developed were designed to assess this ability. Test items pertaining to concepts within a unit were administered to each of the instructed classes on the day following completion of instruction on the last concept. The same test items were administered to each of the noninstructed classes a day or so later. Although only two items met all six criteria, 104 items met at least four of the six. Items related to each of the 25 concepts that met the established requirements were developed. (BR)
- Published
- 1970
28. Scientific Literacy and the Socially Disadvantaged Youth; A Laboratory-Demonstration Project.
- Author
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Vitrogan, David
- Abstract
Reported is a demonstration project which involved 20 disadvantaged eighth grade students in a series of specially designed physical sciences experiments. It was hypothesized that these students, classified as nonliterate, would respond favorably to an approach which tended to break up their patterns of failure. Moreover, successful science experiences might stimulate in these students a desire to read in order to continue their progress. The science activities involved concepts essential to an understanding of electricity and magnetism, and mechanics and light. The experiments were stimulated by such phrases as "to see the light,""that rings a bell," and "to blow your own horn." The group responded favorably and showed capacity for abstract reasoning. The self-motivated desire for better reading skills was tied in with reading instruction by the classroom teacher. (NH)
- Published
- 1968
29. Science Education Information Report, General Bibliography Series 21, Instructional Procedures.
- Author
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ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
Listed are 212 citations of documents related to instructional procedures in science and mathematics education. The documents included represent research reports, research reviews, conference reports, position papers, textbooks, manuals, speeches, and other types. Citations are categorized in alphabetical order by author, and indicate source, availability, and major ideas of the document. The bibliography updates, but does not replace, bibliography 11 (ED 026 277) and bibliography 1 (ED 015 877). (RH)
- Published
- 1969
30. Intrinsic Schooling: A New Yellow Brick Road.
- Author
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American Geological Inst., Washington, DC. and Samples, Robert E.
- Abstract
This paper describes one pioneer effort to develop materials for teachers who operate on the premise that the student can learn from his environment. Three environments are considered: 1) the inner environment of the child; 2) the immediate environment in which he finds himself; and, 3) the global environment which is of so much concern to mankind. Instead of asking a student to respond to a textbook abstraction of his environment, the student is allowed to choose the investigations which in turn will serve to structure the course content. Further, the student's self-image is enhanced by allowing the emotional self to be as apparent as the logical and rational self. It is hoped that the materials "Investigating the Earth" reflect the notion that in true self-directed inquiry situations students have access to the entire process of research. Finally, an early pilot effort with inner-city ninth graders is documented. The students were asked to "go out and photograph evidence of change"; they then had to decide on the operational definition of change, what the evidence for that change was, and photograph that evidence. (SBE)
- Published
- 1970
31. The Effect of the Laboratory on the College Students' Understanding and Knowledge of Physical Science, Final Report.
- Author
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Kansas State Teachers Coll., Emporia., Crawford, Eugene, and Backhus, DeWayne
- Abstract
This paper presents the procedures, results and conclusions of a study designed to determine whether three different methodological approaches to the laboratory for a general education physical science course would lead to the same behavioral outcomes. Students enrolled in the physical science course were randomized into one of three laboratory treatment groups; a highly structured scheduled lab, an audio-tutorial type free lab, and a loosely structured home lab. Behavioral changes were assessed through instructor-written unit tests and the Test On Understanding Science (TOUS). Data were obtained for 140 students during the first experimental period, and for 195 students during the second experimental period. The results indicated that (1) no significant differences existed among the lab groups in terms of their cognitive knowledge of science, (2) for the first experimental period, no significant differences existed among the groups with respect to their understanding of science as measured by TOUS, (3) for the second experimental period, significant differences existed among the groups on TOUS scores, and (4) the free lab and home lab groups scored significantly higher on TOUS than the scheduled lab groups. (LC)
- Published
- 1970
32. The Graduate Preparation of Scientists for Undergraduate Teaching in Liberal Arts Colleges and Universities. A Conference Report (1st, Washington D.C., May 2-3, 1969).
- Author
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Council of Graduate Schools in the U.S., Washington, DC. and Association of American Colleges, Washington, DC.
- Abstract
This report on the conference on the graduate preparation of scientists for undergraduate teaching in liberal arts institutions presents: (1) the highlights and recommendations of the conference; (2) the conference and background papers which include: "Alternatives to the Ph.D.," by R. D. Anderson; "Teaching Versus Research," by Horace W. Davenport; "The Liberal Arts College and Scholarly Activity in the Sciences," by C. A. Vander Werf; "The Preparation of College Physics Teachers," by John M. Fowler, Richard W. West, and Kathryn E. Mervine; and "Putting Our Own House in Order," by Neill Megaw; and (3) summaries of the discussion groups which included: "Undergraduate Preparation in the Sciences,""The Graduate School and the Developing Scholar,""The Graduate School and the Developing Teacher," and "Postdoctoral Development of College Teachers." A bibliography and a list of the participants conclude the report. (AF)
- Published
- 1970
33. An Experimental Study of the Use of Programmed Instruction in a University Physical Science Laboratory.
- Author
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Barnes, Marjorie R.
- Abstract
Presented are the procedures, results, and conclusions of a study designed to compare the effectiveness of programed instructional materials with that of conventional materials in university physical science laboratory classes. The subjects were students enrolled in two similar freshmen-level physical science general education courses who were non-randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The control group students used the conventional manual for the laboratory experiments while the experimental group students used the programed instructional materials for four out of seven investigations. The subjects were pretested on the Scholastic Aptitude Test and an investigator-constructed physical science test. Final measures included scores on the physical science test, scores on a lab-test, laboratory grades and course grades. Attitudinal measures were also administered to the experimental group students. Major findings were: (1) students can achieve equally well on physical science subject matter written evaluative measures whether they use programed laboratory materials on conventional materials, (2) students can achieve equally well in laboratory performance with either one of the materials, and (3) both students and instructors preferred programed to conventional material. (LC)
- Published
- 1970
34. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEVELS OF MATURITY AND LEVELS OF UNDERSTANDING OF SELECTED CONCEPTS OF THE PARTICLE NATURE OF MATTER. TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 36.
- Author
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Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Research and Development Center for Cognitive Learning. and CAREY, RUSSELL L.
- Abstract
INVESTIGATED WERE THE LEVELS OF UNDERSTANDING OF SELECTED CONCEPTS CONCERNING THE PARTICLE NATURE OF MATTER AND THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE STUDENTS' MATURITY AND CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING. THE STUDENTS SAMPLED WERE OF HIGH AND AVERAGE IQ, AND IN GRADES 2-5. ALL GROUPS RECEIVED COMPARABLE INSTRUCTION. USED WERE ALTERNATE RESPONSE TAXONOMY-TYPE OBJECTIVE TESTS CONSISTING OF EQUAL NUMBERS OF QUESTIONS OF THREE TYPES--(1) KNOWLEDGE, (2) COMPREHENSION, AND (3) APPLICATION. CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING LEVELS OF UNDERSTANDING WERE (1) THE EARNED MEAN SCORE IS SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM GUESSING, AND (2) MORE THAN HALF OF THE MEMBERS EARN A SCORE OF 65 PER CENT OR HIGHER. BOTH GRADE LEVEL AND IQ WERE POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH THE LEVEL OF ACHIEVEMENT IN (1) KNOWLEDGE, (2) COMPREHENSION, AND (3) APPLICATION. THE APPENDIX INCLUDES A LIST OF TEXTBOOKS THAT WERE ANALYZED FOR BASIC CONCEPTS IN THE STUDY, AND A BIBLIOGRAPHY. THE LESSONS AND TESTS WHICH WERE DEVELOPED ARE PUBLISHED IN A COMPANION VOLUME, "PRACTICAL PAPER NO. 1 OF THE CENTER FOR COGNITIVE LEARNING." (DH)
- Published
- 1968
35. Science Education Information Report, General Bibliography Series 20, Teacher Characteristics, Student Characteristics.
- Author
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ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
This is the tenth in the second series of general bibliographies developed to disseminate information on documents analyzed at the ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education. Reported are some 67 citations of selected documents in the areas of (1) teacher characteristics, and (2) student characteristics. The documents include research reports, research reviews, and position papers. Citations are listed under the major areas in alphabetical order by author and indicate source, availability, and major ideas of the document. This bibliography is available at no cost, while the supply lasts, from the ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, 1460 West Lane Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43221. It updates, but does not replace, the earlier bibliography produced in this area by the Center. (GR)
- Published
- 1969
36. Science Education Information Report, General Bibliography Series 16, Teacher Resource Materials.
- Author
-
ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
This is the sixth in the second series of general bibliographies developed to disseminate information on documents analyzed at the ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education. Reported are some 332 citations of selected documents involving teacher resource materials for science education. The documents included are divided into major subject areas and levels in the field for quick teacher reference, and represent papers, teacher tips, conference reports, manuals, speeches, textbooks, and other types. Citations are listed in alphabetical order by author and indicate source, availability, and major ideas of the document. This bibliography is available at no cost, while the supply lasts, from the ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, 1460 West Lane Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43221. It updates, but does not replace, the earlier bibliography produced in this area by the Center. (GR)
- Published
- 1968
37. Science Education Information Report, General Bibliography Series 11, Instructional Procedures.
- Author
-
ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
This is the first in the second series of general bibliographies developed to disseminate information on documents analyzed at the ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education. Reported are some 217 citations of selected documents related to instructional procedures in science education. The documents included represent research reports, research reviews, conference reports, position papers, textbooks, manuals, speeches, and other types. Citations are categorized in alphabetical order by author, and indicate source, availability, and major ideas of the document. This bibliography is available at no cost, while the supply lasts, from the ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, 1460 West Lane Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43221. It updates, but does not replace, the earlier bibliography produced in this area by the Center. (GR)
- Published
- 1968
38. Science Education Information Report, General Bibliography Series 10, Teacher Characteristics, Student Characteristics.
- Author
-
ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
This is the tenth in a series of general bibliographies which are being developed to disseminate information concerning documents analyzed at the ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education. Reported are over 40 citations to selected documents in the areas of (1) teacher characteristics, and (2) student characteristics. The documents include research reports, research reviews, and position papers. The citations are categorized under the major areas in alphabetical order by author and indicate the availability and major ideas of the document. General bibliographies have been or are being prepared for other selected areas in science education. All bibliographies will be supplemented periodically as more documents are processed by the ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education. (DS)
- Published
- 1968
39. Science Education Information Report, General Bibliography Series 6, Teacher Resource Materials.
- Author
-
ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
This is the sixth in a series of general bibliographies which are being developed to disseminate information concerning documents analyzed at the ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education. Reported are over 400 citations to selected documents involving teacher resource materials for science education. The documents include conference reports, project reports, position papers, textbooks, manuals, and speeches. The citations are categorized under grade level and content areas in alphabetical order by author and indicate the availability and major ideas of the document. General bibliographies have been or are being prepared for other selected areas in science education. All bibliographies will be supplemented periodically as more documents are processed by the ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education. (DS)
- Published
- 1968
40. Science Education Information Report, General Bibliography Series 7, Science and Society, History of Science Education, Science History, General Studies and Surveys.
- Author
-
ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
This is the seventh in a series of general bibliographies which are being developed to disseminate information concerning documents analyzed at the ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education. Reported are over 85 citations to selected documents in the areas of (1) science and society, (2) the history of science education, (3) science history, and (4) general studies and surveys. The documents include research reports, research reviews, conference reports, project reports, position papers, textbooks, manuals, and speeches. The citations are categorized under the major areas in alphabetical order by author and indicate the availability and major ideas of the document. General bibliographies have been or are being prepared for other selected areas in science education. All bibliographies will be supplemented periodically as more documents are processed by the ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education. (DS)
- Published
- 1968
41. SCIENCE EDUCATION INFORMATION REPORT, BIBLIOGRAPHY 4, CURRICULUM.
- Author
-
ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
THIS IS THE FOURTH IN A SERIES OF GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WHICH ARE BEING DEVELOPED TO DISSEMINATE INFORMATION CONCERNING DOCUMENTS ANALYZED AT THE ERIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. REPORTED ARE OVER 350 CITATIONS TO SELECTED DOCUMENTS ON CURRICULUM AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN SCIENCE EDUCATION. THE DOCUMENTS INCLUDED REPRESENT RESEARCH REPORTS, RESEARCH REVIEWS, CONFERENCE REPORTS, POSITION PAPERS, TEXTBOOKS, PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS, SPEECHES, AND NUMEROUS OTHER TYPES. THE CITATIONS ARE CATEGORIZED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY AUTHOR AND INDICATE THE AVAILABILITY AND THE MAJOR IDEAS OF THE DOCUMENT. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES HAVE BEEN OR ARE BEING PREPARED FOR OTHER SELECTED AREAS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION. ALL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WILL BE SUPPLEMENTED PERIODICALLY AS MORE DOCUMENTS ARE ADDED TO THE SYSTEM. THE GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WILL BE ANNOUNCED IN "RESEARCH IN EDUCATION" AND THE "SEIAC NEWSLETTER" AS THEY BECOME AVAILABLE. (DS)
- Published
- 1967
42. SCIENCE EDUCATION INFORMATION REPORT, BIBLIOGRAPHY 1, INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY SERIES.
- Author
-
ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
THIS IS THE FIRST IN A SERIES OF GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WHICH ARE BEING DEVELOPED TO DISSEMINATE INFORMATION CONCERNING DOCUMENTS ANALYZED AT THE ERIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. REPORTED ARE OVER 180 CITATIONS TO SELECTED DOCUMENTS RELATED TO INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES IN SCIENCE EDUCATION. THE DOCUMENTS INCLUDED REPRESENT RESEARCH REPORTS, RESEARCH REVIEWS, CONFERENCE REPORTS, POSITION PAPERS, TEXTBOOKS, MANUALS, SPEECHES, AND NUMEROUS OTHER TYPES. THE CITATIONS ARE CATEGORIZED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY AUTHOR AND INDICATE THE AVAILABILITY AND THE MAJOR IDEAS OF THE DOCUMENT. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES HAVE BEEN OR ARE BEING PREPARED FOR OTHER SELECTED AREAS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION. ALL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WILL BE SUPPLEMENTED PERIODICALLY AS MORE DOCUMENTS ARE PROCESSED BY THE ERIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. (DS)
- Published
- 1967
43. SCIENCE EDUCATION INFORMATION REPORT, BIBLIOGRAPHY 3, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY SERIES.
- Author
-
ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
THIS IS THE THIRD IN A SERIES OF GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WHICH ARE BEING DEVELOPED TO DISSEMINATE INFORMATION CONCERNING DOCUMENTS ANALYZED AT THE ERIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. REPORTED ARE OVER 200 CITATIONS TO SELECTED DOCUMENTS RELATED TO EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING SCIENCE. THE DOCUMENTS INCLUDED REPRESENT RESEARCH REPORTS, RESEARCH REVIEWS, CONFERENCE REPORTS, POSITION PAPERS, TEXTBOOKS, MANUALS, SPEECHES, AND NUMEROUS OTHER TYPES. THE CITATIONS ARE CATEGORIZED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY AUTHOR AND INDICATE THE AVAILABILITY AND THE MAJOR IDEAS OF THE DOCUMENT. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES HAVE BEEN OR ARE BEING PREPARED FOR OTHER SELECTED AREAS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION. ALL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WILL BE SUPPLEMENTED PERIODICALLY AS MORE DOCUMENTS ARE PROCESSED BY THE ERIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. (DS)
- Published
- 1967
44. SCIENCE EDUCATION INFORMATION REPORT, BIBLIOGRAPHY 5, ACHIEVEMENT. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY SERIES.
- Author
-
ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
THIS IS THE FIFTH IN A SERIES OF GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WHICH ARE BEING DEVELOPED TO DISSEMINATE INFORMATION CONCERNING DOCUMENTS ANALYZED AT THE ERIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. REPORTED ARE OVER 85 CITATIONS TO SELECTED DOCUMENTS ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN SCIENCE. THE DOCUMENTS INCLUDED REPRESENT RESEARCH REPORTS, RESEARCH REVIEWS, CONFERENCE REPORTS, POSITION PAPERS, TEXTBOOKS, MANUALS, SPEECHES, AND NUMEROUS OTHER TYPES. THE CITATIONS ARE CATEGORIZED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY AUTHOR AND INDICATE THE AVAILABILITY AND THE MAJOR IDEAS OF THE DOCUMENT. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES HAVE BEEN OR ARE BEING PREPARED FOR OTHER SELECTED AREAS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION. ALL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WILL BE SUPPLEMENTED PERIODICALLY AS MORE DOCUMENTS ARE PROCESSED BY THE ERIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. (DS)
- Published
- 1967
45. SCIENCE EDUCATION INFORMATION REPORT, BIBLIOGRAPHY 2, TEACHER EDUCATION. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY SERIES.
- Author
-
ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
THIS IS THE SECOND IN A SERIES OF GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WHICH ARE BEING DEVELOPED TO DISSEMINATE INFORMATION CONCERNING DOCUMENTS ANALYZED AT THE ERIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. REPORTED ARE OVER 120 CITATIONS TO SELECTED DOCUMENTS RELATED TO TEACHER EDUCATION IN SCIENCE EDUCATION. THE DOCUMENTS INCLUDED REPRESENT RESEARCH REPORTS, RESEARCH REVIEWS, CONFERENCE REPORTS, POSITION PAPERS, TEXTBOOKS, MANUALS, SPEECHES, AND NUMEROUS OTHER TYPES. THE CITATIONS ARE CATEGORIZED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY AUTHOR AND INDICATE THE AVAILABILITY AND THE MAJOR IDEAS OF THE DOCUMENT. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES HAVE BEEN OR ARE BEING PREPARED FOR OTHER SELECTED AREAS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION. ALL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WILL BE SUPPLEMENTED PERIODICALLY AS MORE DOCUMENTS ARE PROCESSED BY THE ERIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. (DS)
- Published
- 1967
46. LESSONS PLANS AND TESTS OF KNOWLEDGE, COMPREHENSION, AND APPLICATION FOR INSTRUCTION IN CONCEPTS OF FORCE, GRADES 2-6.
- Author
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Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Research and Development Center for Cognitive Learning. and HELGESON, STANLEY L.
- Abstract
THESE LESSON PLANS WERE DEVELOPED, ALONG WITH OTHER MATERIALS SUCH AS (1) DEMONSTRATIONS, (2) FILMS, (3) FILM CLIPS, (4) KEY QUESTIONS, AND (5) POSTERS, FOR USE IN A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE RELATIVE LEVELS OF UNDERSTANDING OF CERTAIN CONCEPTS OF FORCES ACHIEVED BY PUPILS IN GRADES 2-6. EVALUATION WAS MADE BY MEANS OF PAPER-AND-PENCIL MULTIPLE-RESPONSE TYPE TESTS. EIGHT FORCE CONCEPTS WERE CHOSEN. TABULATED BY GRADE LEVEL ARE THE PARTICULAR CONCEPTS JUDGED AS HAVING MET THE ACHIEVEMENT CRITERIA AT EACH OF THE THREE LEVELS OF UNDERSTANDING--(1) KNOWLEDGE, (2) COMPREHENSION, AND (3) APPLICATION. THERE IS A LESSON PLAN FOR EACH OF THE EIGHT CONCEPTS ORGANIZED ACCORDING TO (1) CONCEPT STATEMENT, (2) EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS, AND (3) MAJOR IDEAS PAIRED WITH DEMONSTRATION ACTIVITIES AND KEY QUESTIONS. TEST INSTRUMENTS DEVELOPED FOR THE PROJECT ARE INCLUDED. (DH)
- Published
- 1968
47. The Quest for Relevance: Effective College Teaching. Volume II. The Sciences.
- Author
-
American Association for Higher Education, Washington, DC.
- Abstract
Responding to a widely expressed discontent about college teaching shared by students, faculty and administrators, representatives of national professional and higher educational associations formed a committee to study means of revitalizing and reorienting instruction. Each contributor in Volume II, selected for his outstanding teaching skills in the sciences, examines current trends in teaching in his discipline, offers a critical review of the principal methods used, and provides pertinent bibliographical references. In his Introduction, Russell M. Cooper notes the impossibility of prescribing any single method of improving teaching and calls for reflection and self-criticism by the teacher. All of the papers discuss specific aspects of college teaching: graduate assistants, students who are science and nonscience majors, laboratory procedures, use of new technology, innovative practices, and do's and don'ts of teaching. Contributions cover: "The Art of Teaching Science" by Morris H. Shamos; "A Path to Relevant Teaching" by Garrett Hardin (dealing mainly with biology); "The Earth Sciences" by Sheldon Johnson; "The Teaching of College Chemistry" by W. T. Lippincott; and "The Beginning Teacher of College Mathematics" by R. L. Wilder. An extensive bibliography is included. (JS)
- Published
- 1969
48. A Note on Accounting Theory Construction and Verification.
- Author
-
Schrader, William J. and Malcolm, Robert E.
- Subjects
ACCOUNTING ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,PHYSICAL sciences ,SOCIAL sciences ,BUSINESS - Abstract
This article evaluates studies on accounting theory, conducted by a committee of the American Accounting Association in 1973. The most striking feature of the papers is their similarity. They are essentially two versions of the same work. Both preliminary papers consist of two principal sections: the nature of theories in the physical and social sciences; and the classes of accounting theories, as the authors are able to distinguish them. All of the papers survey pertinent works by mathematicians, philosophers and scientists, and conclude that accounting qualifies as an empirical discipline.
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Accuracy and/or Teachability of Texts.
- Author
-
Iona, Mario
- Abstract
In a speech given at the National Science Teachers Association meeting in 1972, certain errors found in Junior High School Physics textbooks were identified. The reasons which had been given for these errors included the belief that the explanations given were more readily understood by the students. The need to identify these apparently obvious and intentional misstatements of physics concepts is given as a challenge to teachers of this material. (TS)
- Published
- 1972
50. Unit: Model for Matter, Inspection Pack, National Trial Print.
- Author
-
Australian Science Education Project, Toorak, Victoria.
- Abstract
Mental and physical models are treated in the Australian Science Education Project trial unit prepared for students in a transitional stage between concrete and abstract reasoning. Students are introduced to the particle model of matter through a series of core activities, including a combination game using nuts and bolts, culminating in a "test" of the model. The optional activities from which students are expected to choose are designed as self-paced activities. The options are "A Chemical Reaction" (lead nitrate/potassium iodide); "Chemical Shorthand"; "Paper Clips and Particles" (displacement of copper from solutions of three copper compounds); "Carbon Compounds" (the relation of empirical and structural formulae of organic compounds using model building kits); and "Inside the Atom" (a reading unit outlining the history of the development of models of the atom). The student manual contains instructions for all activities in the core and options, poses questions to be answered in the separate data book where results of laboratory activities are also to be recorded, and contains diagnostic tests after each option. Annotated answers to the test appear at the end of the booklet. The teacher's guide, an "overprinted" version of the student manual, gives objectives for the unit; lists apparatus, supplies and audiovisual aids; suggests references; and indicates possible teaching techniques, including links with other units in the series. (AL)
- Published
- 1972
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