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Today hardly anyone doubts the need for sociological theory to ensure success and effectiveness in sociological research. The main characteristic of sociological research in Russia is that it is based upon historical materialism which is the universal sociological theory. The subject of scientific sociology, is the perception of social life in its entirety, in its internal integrity and the reciprocity of its phases, relations and processes. Marxist sociology, being a synthesized science, bases itself upon the aggregate of findings of other social sciences, studies universal laws of social development as well as the concrete forms of the way they manifest themselves under varying conditions. Marxist sociology employs the theory and method of scientific sociology, i.e., historical materialism, in specific sociological research in order to understand the inner mechanism of social events and the laws of their development, and to analyze specific social situations that arise in the process of social life.