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Commentary is provided for the article "The National Security Dilemma: Challenge to Management Scientists," by Marshall K. Wood, published in the April 1, 1961 issue of the periodical "Management Science." The author disagrees with Wood's assertion that the development of international law be contingent on the development of a United Nations military force. Also discussed are Wood's views concerning potential protocols in the case of a nuclear attack, including the implementation of a population shelter initiative.

The article presents several news briefs from the related to atomic energy with the involvement of the United Nations. The Control Committee completed the first discussion of the six working papers on the detailed functions of an international control agency. The Committee took up the statement in the coordinating paper which said the issue of international ownership of source material remains controversial.

The article focuses on the program prepared by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission for the Geneva Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in Switzerland. Thus, looking toward presentation at Geneva, several thousand organizations associated in some way with atomic energy were invited to submit for review abstracts of papers for submission to the United Nations. Moreover, all papers submitted to and accepted by the United Nations, including the American papers will be published in full in the conference proceedings. According to the author, Geneva will mark the first time that all available technical information on the constructive uses of atomic energy has been assembled in one place and where specialists from eighty countries have been able to convene.

The article presents information on the North American conference on the social implications of industrialization and technological change. The conference, sponsored jointly by UNESCO, the United States and Canadian National Commissions for UNESCO, and the University of Chicago, was held in Chicago, Illinois from September 15 to 22, 1960. Twenty-four technical papers prepared and distributed in advance were discussed during the conference. In addition, a series of some twelve working papers surveying the research results for the major regions of the world on the topic of the conference were assembled and distributed to participants by the Research Office of the International Social Science Council. The various aspects of the social implications of industrialization were dealt with quite fully in the technical papers and at the several sessions of the conference. The discussion of the specific social implications of industrialization started with what some would regard as the fundamentals, the human motivation to make constructive innovations. The papers and discussions seem to warrant certain conclusions with regard to research strategies and procedures, on the one hand, and major gaps in reliable knowledge, on the other.

The article presents parts of the second report of the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC) to the U. N. Security Council. The report presents a review of the proceedings of the UNAEC on the discussion on the points of disagreement expressed by the Soviet Union and the formulation of proposals for an effective system of international control of atomic energy. An overview of the functions and powers of the international agency and amended proposals to Part II of the six "Working Papers."

The article presents a discussion about developmental and operational functions of the international agency. It offers several pages from the six working papers prepared by the Control Committee of the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. It gives the detailed elaboration of a control plan. However, the Russian representatives assumed the role of interested observers rather than partners in the work. The papers are the product of collective thinking in which the Russians have participated unwillingly and without attempting to influence specific conclusions.

The search for a uniform international fisheries regime at the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea will be impeded by the fact that the conditions between different fisheries and different fishery regions are greatly dissimilar. This is one of the conclusions emerging from a series of working papers produced by the Program of International Studies of Fisheries Arrangements undertaken by Resources for the Future, Inc. The working paper on the North Pacific shows that there are only a handful of States with an interest in the fisheries; that most of the States are highly developed; and that there has been a long history of fishery agreements. For the West African region, however, there are about forty. States involved, about half of which are local, developing States and the other half are mostly developed States from distant waters. Here the fisheries have been subjected to considerable recent pressures, with catches by the distant-water States increasing about five-fold in the past decade. In the Indian Ocean, with the exception of tuna, most of the fish stocks are still not fully utilized and have attracted almost no attention from States outside the region. Tuna fisheries, both in the Indian Ocean and elsewhere throughout the world, are approaching the limits of maximum sustainable yields, but the number and size of vessels continues to increase at a rapid rate. The global mobility of tuna vessels creates particularly difficult problems for the UN conferees. The disparity among these situations is likely to provide severe restrictions on the uniformity of general rules and principles that might be acceptable at the Conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the abstracts of several papers on economics published in the November 1965 issue of the "Journal of Farm Economics." Some of the papers are: "The United Nations, Agriculture, and the World Economic Revolution," by Gunnar Myrdal; "Response to Economic Incentive by Abakaliki Rice Farmers in Eastern Nigeria," by Delane E. Welsch; "Fertilizer Supply and Grain Production in Communist China," by Jung-Chao Liu; "A Further Case for Unregulated Truck Transportation," by W. Miklius and D.B. DeLoach; "Development of Inventory Models to Determine Feed Reserves for Beef-Cattle Production Under Unstable Climatic Conditions," by M. Afzal, J.H. McCoy, and F. Orazem; "Adjusting Dynamic Models to Improve Their Predictive Ability," by Richard J. Crom and Wibur R. Maki; "A Method of Comparing Contract Proposals for Broiler Chicken Production," by Ewell Paul Roy; and "Demand for U.S. Soybeans in the European Common Market: A Case for Optimism," by Reynold P. Dahl. The second article of the journal deals with the introduction and subsequent expansion of a new crop, rice, into the Abakaliki are of eastern Nigeria, where yams had for centuries been the chief crop, and with the economic response of the small farmers in the area.

The article reports issues and topics related to the United Nations Conference on Atomic Energy held on August 8 to 20, 1955, in Geneva, Switzerland. According to the event's organizers, the final count of papers accepted for the conference was 1,061, with 460 scheduled to be presented orally at one of the 60 sessions. The range of subjects is shown by the titles of the six volumes which will contain the published papers including "Safety Aspects of Nuclear Reactors," "Power Reactors," "Research Reactors," "Nuclear Fuels," "Atomic Raw Materials," and "Applications of Nuclear Radiation in Food and Agriculture."

The article offers information on various news on atomic energy. On September 11, 1947, the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission adopted its second report to the Security Council. The suggestion to dissuade the development of atomic power was presented before the Senate Atomic Energy Commission by some nuclear scientists. The Acheson-Lilienthal report proposed that the development of fissionable materials should be conducted under international sponsorship.

This is a report on how often the British express opinions in terms of the United Nations. It is drawn from a content analysis of the whole of Britain's daily national press during the period from the end of 1945 to the beginning of 1950. The method used was a form of content analysis, theme analysis. Press opinions about the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics amounted to more than 40,000 spread across the four years, that elaborate pretest of the data made possible a "code" of 72 themes, the only politically meaningful assertions made about the two countries by British newspapers or by Britons in their newspapers in any recurrence whatever. In 1954, when, in preparation for the world organization's tenth anniversary and possible revision of the Charter, the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is attempting to report on what the peoples of more than 20 countries say and feel about the United Nations, it may be useful to record the inescapable conclusion that to one of the world's most literate peoples, the British, United Nations almost never did and most probably almost never does matter.

The article presents updates on teaching and various research about conflict resolution which are under the Program of Graduate Training and Research in International Relations at Northwestern University. Richard C. Snyder has completed two papers on the development of theories about international relations, which include "Some Recent Trends in Theory and Research Focused on International Relations" and "An Inquiry into the Nature of Deterrence and Deterrence Theory." Studies by Chadwick F. Alger focus on conflict management in the United Nations and the functioning of the Organization of American States. Alger's studies are entitled "Non-Resolution Consequences of the United Nations and Their Effect on International Conflict" and "Diplomacy at the United Nations."

This article is concerned with describing and evaluating the approaches and mechanisms used by international organizations in their efforts to facilitate the transfer of technology. The paper classifies the broad scope of multilateral programs designed to transfer technology into four types of activities: (1) training and fellowship programs, (2) information dissemination programs, (3) research programs, and (4) direct transfer programs. The activity of the United Nations system is then described in terms of this framework; the specific activities of international organizations in the transfer of technology is analyzed. In conclusion the paper looks at the implications of the existing international organization efforts for future efforts at international technology transfer of marine science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that newspaper content is one of the factors in the communications matrix which tends to bring about changes in public opinion. It has portrayed the nature of United Nations content in 119 newspapers published in 97 Indiana communities during a 31-day time interval. Three kinds of procedures have been carried out: a topical analysis by way of which 10 main categories of content, or news and policy contexts, were derived; an intensity analysis by way of which magnitudes were assigned to the topics or contexts; a directional analysis, in certain categories, by way of which the "orientation" of the contexts was determined whether positive, negative, or neutral. It is found that there are marked "discontinuities" from one community to another, particularly between rural and urban groupings, in the levels or distributions of U.N. information. The determination of the psychological and sociological factors that bring about differences in both kinds and quantities of communications content among individual communities is a point of departure that follows from this research.

Copyright of Demography (Springer Nature) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A list of articles related to management and economics that were published in several journals is presented. The articles include "Yearbook of the United Nations, 1963," "The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1965," edited by Harry Hansen, and "Population Studies," edited by D. V. Glass.

Japan is more dependent on the seas than any other major nation. Maritime commerce is indispensible to her supply of raw materials, as well as being the principal conduit of foreign trade. Her shipbuilding industry is the world's largest, while fish provide over half the animal protein in the national diet. Because she is an island nation, the sea is crucial to her defense. Thus, Japan has a vested interest in the outcome of the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, scheduled to convene in Caracas, Venezuela in June 1974. It will be the purpose of this paper to examine the importance of current law of the sea issues to various special interest groups in Japan, and relate them to the positions that their government has taken, or is likely to take, as the Conference date approaches. I would like to acknowledge my appreciation to Dr. Ann L. Hollick of the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, and to Dr. Choon-Ho Park of the Harvard University Law School for their interest and guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes an Irrigation Feasibility Study carried out for a Developing Country. The area considered comprised some 1,000,000 acres of land in Burma and the study was undertaken for the Burmese Government under the auspices of the United Nations. The solution technique used was Mixed Integer Programming, there being approximately 750 continuous variables, 50 integer variables and 250 constraints. The study is of particular interest in that the problem was solved both by conventional methods and by Operational Research methods independently. Therefore, a complete comparison of the relative merits of both approaches exists and is discussed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents several reports published by the United Nations related to its different world wide activities. "Preparations for the World Population Conference," is the progress report of the Secretary General of the World Population Conference. It contain plans relating to the programmer and arrangements for the Conference. "Seminar on Status of Women and Family Planning," highlight effects of present trends in population growth on the status of women. "Training and Preparation of Teachers for Schools of Medicine and of Allied Health Sciences," is a report of a WHO study group. It contains world qualitative and quantitative requirements, responsibilities which staff must be trained to assume, training and research work and long-term programmer of WHO. "Inventory of Data Bases of Economic and Social Statistics," is a report prepared by the Secretariat in cooperation with the Specialized Agencies. "World Energy Supplies," is a collection of statistics covering production, trade and energy, consumption for approximately 185 countries. "Social Development. Promotion of the Co-operative movement during the Second United Nations Development Decade," is a progress report of the Secretary-General.

This article presents response of the author on comments made by scholar S. Herbert Frankel on the paper "Report on Measures for the Economic Development of Underdeveloped Countries." These comments were published in the August 1952 issue of the periodical "Quarterly Journal of Economics." The questions, which Frankel has raised, touch upon some of the basic problems confronting economic development of the underdeveloped areas. The difference between his approach and that of the United Nations report is so fundamental as to warrant a re-examination of same of the points at issue. The first issue to which attention should be drawn is the income aggregate as a criticism of development. Frankel said that incomes couldn't be compared in the abstract; they have meaning only in relation to the social context in which they are embedded. It is fallacious, therefore, to assume that aggregate or average incomes are a measure of development, and he added that to say that the object of development is to achieve higher per capita incomes is in itself also meaningless.

This article focuses on the economic development of a nation. Not only does economic development command more discussion in its own name than any other economic subject before the United Nations and other international organizations; it is impossible to debate or pass a resolution on other subjects, for example, full employment, without also again giving consideration to economic development. Despite all the excesses of oratory and polemics which have been uttered in the name of economic development, it would be a great mistake, lightly to dismiss the reality and the intensity of the "drive" for economic development. It is prestige and economic nationalism, political nationalism, and standards of living all mixed together. It is intimately linked with the stirrings toward greater political self-government or independence among the peoples of many of the underdeveloped areas of the world. In this period of ferment, the aspirations toward economic development take on significance for political and security reasons.

Copyright of Review of Income & Wealth is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)