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2. An antimicrobial compound in two Pistacia species.
- Author
-
Malekzadeh F
- Subjects
- Bacillus drug effects, Chromatography, Paper, Iran, Mycobacterium drug effects, Nuts, Staphylococcus drug effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteria drug effects, Phenols pharmacology, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plants pharmacology
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Estimation of free amino acids, protein and amino acid compositions of cumin seed (Cuminum cyminum) of Iran.
- Author
-
Toghrol F and Daneshpejouh H
- Subjects
- Chromatography, Paper, Iran, Nitrogen analysis, Spectrophotometry, Amino Acids analysis, Plants, Edible analysis, Proteins analysis, Seeds analysis
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. MODERN PERSIAN READER. II, INTERMEDIATE.
- Author
-
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor., JAZAYERY, MOHAMMAD ALI, and PAPER, HERBERT H.
- Abstract
THIS IS THE INTERMEDIATE VOLUME OF THREE PERSIAN READERS. IT ASSUMES A COMMAND OF THE CONTENTS OF THE ELEMENTARY VOLUME OR EQUIVALENT STUDY IN WRITTEN PERSIAN. UNLIKE THE ELEMENTARY READER, THE USE OF A PHONEMIC TRANSCRIPTION IS LIMITED TO THE "NOTES AND GLOSSARY" SECTION WHICH ACCOMPANIES EACH READING, AND THE EXERCISES AND DRILLS OF THE FIRST VOLUME ARE OMITTED. EACH OF THE 15 SELECTIONS IS FOLLOWED BY A BRIEF PARAGRAPH IN ENGLISH ABOUT THE AUTHOR AND HIS WORK. THREE OF THE SELECTIONS ARE TAKEN FROM AN IRANIAN JOURNAL OF LITERATURE AND THE ARTS, FOUR ARE FROM AN IRANIAN NEWSPAPER, AND THE REMAINDER ARE EXAMPLES OF CURRENT FICTION AND NON-FICTION. THE TRANSCRIPTION SYSTEM USED IN THE GLOSSARIES IS TAKEN FROM HODGE'S "SPOKEN PERSIAN." THIS READER IS AVAILABLE FOR $4.50 FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS, 615 EAST UNIVERSITY, ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 48106. (JD)
- Published
- 1962
5. Planning and Agriculture Policy in Iran--Program Effects and Indirect Effects.
- Author
-
Gittinger, J. Price
- Subjects
CENTRAL economic planning ,AGRICULTURAL policy ,ECONOMIC policy - Abstract
It is often said that national economic plans are "not worth the paper they are written on," because the plans are not implemented, or else implementation bears little relation to what the plans call for. This way of evaluating the success of planning efforts—comparing the actual with the planned pattern of accomplishment and expenditure—is common. The general failure of planning endeavors to meet this criterion accounts for much of the current disappointment with national economic planning. An alternative view, which is the thesis of this article, is that the activity of planning may generate benefits which do not depend wholly on what becomes of the plan and which may persist even though the plan is drastically modified or even abandoned. An examination of economic development in Iran four years after the current development plan started indicates enough support for this viewpoint to soften the gloomy judgments so often pronounced on the Iranian planning effort. This article discusses evidence for this thesis drawn from the agriculture sector. Its retroactive appraisal hopefully will serve to improve understanding of national planning as a development tool in open societies and of the criteria for judging the effectiveness of technical assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1967
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Persia: Rugs Over the Garbage.
- Author
-
Roth, Andrew
- Subjects
QUALITY of life ,MANNERS & customs ,GOVERNMENT agencies ,TRIBAL government - Abstract
The article focuses on Tehran, Iran, which is one of a half-dozen Asian cities, which describe themselves as the "Paris of the East." Women of fashion dress in the latest Paris style. Social life is highly polished, even decadent. The government seems to have more control and a better sense of direction than it had four years ago. There is no autonomous, pro-Soviet regime in the north to cause concern. Tribal leaders who were formerly independent rulers now join in central government politics. The army, which used to be disrupted by conflicts between rightist, pro-British senior commanders and leftist, pro-Soviet junior officers, has been unified and somewhat modernized by the Chief of Staff.
- Published
- 1950
7. Editorials.
- Author
-
Kirchwey, Freda
- Subjects
NEGOTIATION ,FOREIGN offices (Government agencies) - Abstract
This article focuses on several political developments in world. A journal of Manchester "Guardian" charged on October 8, 1951 that a new Persian effort to start negotiations on a basis more favorable to Britain was needlessly rebuffed. Publishing the full text of the proposals, the journal "Guardian" suggested they were rejected largely because the Foreign Office and its embassy in Teheran had decided not to negotiate with Mohammed Mossadegh, ex-prime minister of Iran, under any conditions. British officials had also pointed out that the document was undated, unsigned, and not on official paper.
- Published
- 1951
8. Persia's Answer to Lord Curzon.
- Subjects
BRITISH politics & government ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL trade - Abstract
This article presents a speech by British foreign minister George Nathaniel Curzon's speech in the House of Lords in Great Britain on July 26, 1921 in which the he attempted to explain Great Britain's forced withdrawal from Persia as a result of the Persian Government's refusal to ratify the Anglo-Persian Agreement of 1919. Parts of Lord Curzon's speech were printed in the International Relations Section for September 7, 1921 of London, England periodical Times. Lord Curzon once described himself as a friend of Persia, which he was not at present.
- Published
- 1921
9. Toward a Definition of International and Comparative Library Science.
- Author
-
Harvey, John F.
- Abstract
The newness of a field which librarians are trying to identify and relate to their own concerns and activities is reflected in this paper. It explains the field's research methods and gives examples, as well as discussing its identification and proposing a series of new definitions. In so doing, it is much indebted to the Bereday, Simsova, and Sharify contributions mentioned therein. This is intended to be a pivotal introductory paper. In concluding, the paper proposes that library schools become truly international and teach the best elements from library science world-wide. (LI 004244 through 004256 and LI 004258 through 004267 are related.) (Author)
- Published
- 1972
10. Political Extremists in Iran: A Secondary Analysis of Communications Data.
- Author
-
Ringer, Benjamin B. and Sills, David L.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL communication ,COMMUNICATIONS research ,RADICALS ,MASS markets ,BEHAVIOR ,SAMPLING (Process) ,GOAL (Psychology) - Abstract
This secondary analysis is a by-product of a large-scale inquiry into communications behavior in the Near and Middle East. An important feature of that research was its method of coping with a problem which confronts all international communications researchers who apply the survey method to the study of preindustrialized societies, namely, how to design a sample when adequate census data are not available and when nation-wide sampling would turn up too few individuals exposed to the mass media. During the analysis of the Iran interviews, important differences were found between attitudes, goal-values, identifications, and expectations of the politically left and the politically right. Extreme Leftists were found to desire a classless society, extreme Rightists desired a stronger and more unified Iran. Leftists identified with the proletariat, Rightists thought of themselves as members of Iran's true elite. Leftists expected their values to be realized through revolution, Rightists pinned their hopes on the expulsion of foreigners and the achievement of national solidarity. These findings have a direct relationship to research into communications behavior, for it is through these perspectives that political extremists receive and evaluate international communications.
- Published
- 1952
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. WASHINGTON WIRE.
- Subjects
UNITED States politics & government, 1933-1953 ,PRACTICAL politics ,KINGS & rulers - Abstract
Presents an update of various political developments in the U.S. as of November 21, 1949. Account of the upcoming visit of His Imperial Majesty Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlevi Shehinshah of Iran to Washington D.C.; Reason for the emergence of trade-union periodicals in the U.S.; Chances of Bob Taft in upcoming U.S. Senate elections.
- Published
- 1949
12. Another Round to Mossadegh.
- Subjects
RIOTS ,PUBLIC demonstrations ,PETROLEUM industry - Abstract
The article reports on the crackdown of students and unemployed led by the outlawed Communist Tudeh Party by the government of Iranian Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadegh. Eight of the rioters and a police colonel were dead after the rioters were confronted by 5,000 police and soldiers supported by 5,000 nationalist hoodlums. The riots indicate that the Mossadegh regime is suffering without oil revenue.
- Published
- 1951
13. WASHINGTON OUTLOOK.
- Subjects
BUSINESS forecasting ,MANUFACTURING industries ,CRISES ,DEMOCRATS (United States) ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The article presents an outlook on issues related to business and the U.S. government as of August 11, 1951. A new set of manufacturers' regulations that will replace CPR-22, CPR-30 and the other tailored orders are about to be implemented. It says that the Iranian crisis will cost the Western Hemisphere 60 million barrels of oil before it is settled. The Democrats are hoping to take over the Republican Senate seats currently occupied by Harry Cain, Zales Ecton and Arthur Watkins.
- Published
- 1951
14. BANDWAGON.
- Subjects
PERIODICALS ,ECONOMIC conditions in Iran, 1945-1979 - Abstract
The article presents excerpts from various periodicals including an excerpt from the August 13, 1954 issue of the "New York Times," quoting Iranian prime minister Fazlollah Zahedi on the impoverished state of Iran, and an excerpt from the July 9, 1954 issue of the "San Diego Evening Tribune," concerning actress Dorothy McGuire working with theater director Alex Segal.
- Published
- 1954
15. Changing the Cut.
- Subjects
CORPORATE profits - Abstract
The article reports on the oil venture of ENI SpA, Italy' state-owned oil company, that involves profit sharing with Iran on a 30-70 basis.
- Published
- 1957
16. Back to Persia.
- Subjects
- IRAN, MUSEUM of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.)
- Published
- 1932
17. The Billion-Dollar Mystery.
- Author
-
Cook, Fred J.
- Subjects
ACTIONS & defenses (Law) ,APPELLATE courts ,WORLD War II ,WITNESSES - Abstract
Now pending in the Supreme Court of the state of New York is a most unusual and little publicized lawsuit whose by products overshadow its initial and private purposes. It lefts the lead on the $2 billion in hand American cash that has been funneled into Iran since World War II. This article reports the substance of the testimony exhibits and provides evidence, which have been spread on the public record in the course of this proceeding. The interest of the suit lies not in the fact that certain payments have been made to certain named individuals, for whom there could be and doubtlessly there are entirely plausible and satisfactory explanations.
- Published
- 1965
18. The Masked Civil War.
- Author
-
Goldberg, Harvey
- Subjects
CIVIL war ,POLITICAL stability ,SOCIAL unrest - Abstract
The conjuncture of events in Greece, Turkey and Iran, all of them indicating great social instability, is strikingly significant. For they are precisely the three countries in which the cold war began in 1946 and 1947. It was in Iran in 1945-46 that the United States first perfected its get tough policy and helped to force the Russians out; and it was in Greece and Turkey in 1947 that the United States charted its commitment to an anti-Communist Europe in its first military-aid crash program, the Truman Doctrine. Now, sixteen years after that intervention, the Greek government planned a monument for former U.S. President Harry S. Truman, showing him, several times life-size, holding his great charter in his hand.
- Published
- 1963
19. Challenge of the East.
- Subjects
FAMILIES ,PETROLEUM industry ,GOVERNMENT ownership ,AWARDS - Abstract
The article features Mohammed Mossadegh, Premier of Iran in 1951 who was named "Man of the Year" by "Time Magazine." Mossadegh was born in 1879 to a mother who was a princess of the Kajar dynasty of Persia and a father who served as the Iranian Finance Minister for 30 years. He was instrumental for the nationalization of the oil industry in Iran, which had been controlled by the British government-owned company Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. Mossadegh was also famous for his policies that does not recognize the Western countries.
- Published
- 1952
20. Shah vs. Bureaucrats.
- Author
-
Muller, G. H.
- Subjects
UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,MANAGEMENT science ,BUREAUCRACY - Abstract
The article focuses on the construction and administration of the Pahlavi University in Iran. During a trip to the U.S. in 1963, the Shah of Iran spoke with officials of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the transformation of a mediocre college in the southern part of Iran into a modern educational complex based on American models. Partly as a result of these talks, Pahlavi University was created in 1964. Taken collectively, Pahlavi University's varied physical plant is an impressive testament to the nation's ability to mobilize its resources and accomplish its projects. But real problems of the university are in offices and conference rooms where the daily affairs of the school, as well as its long-range goals, are entrusted to officials who cannot emerge from shackles of bureaucracy.
- Published
- 1971
21. Politics of Anti-Americanism.
- Author
-
Tehranian, Majid
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,IRAN-United States relations ,FINANCIAL aid - Abstract
This article explores the attitude of Iran towards the United States, based on the latter's political influence in the Middle East. Though the United States enjoyed an enormous reservoir of good will in Iran during the last two decades the political regime in Iran, Flow finds it profitable to engage in some anti-American politics of its own. And, this, ironically enough, despite the fact that the regime has been brought to power and maintained there so far largely by the U.S. military and financial aid. The tragicomic scenario of this turnabout is some what complicated, and its understanding requires a keen sense for the perceptions of Persian political life.
- Published
- 1966
22. Anglo-Iranian Oil Leave Home to Make Its Fortune.
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT ownership ,PETROLEUM refineries ,BUSINESS enterprises - Abstract
The article focuses on the investments of Anglo-Iranian Oil Co. (AIOC) Ltd. outside Iran which are helping the company face the impact of the nationalization. The opening of a new refinery in France is said to bring AIOC one step closer to the complete replacement of lost Iranian oil. The article mentions the goal of AIOC to cover its Iranian losses by 1955 or 1956. Among the major refinery projects anticipated to give AIOC a boost are located in England, Australia and Aden.
- Published
- 1952
23. Iran Oil Deal Stirs Policy Debate All Over Globe.
- Subjects
PETROLEUM industry ,BUSINESS partnerships ,CONTRACTS - Abstract
The article focuses on the oil venture between Iran and Italy in which a 50-50 partnership will be formed between a subsidiary of Italian state company Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI) and National Iranian Oil Co. of Iran to create SIRIP. It cites the plan of Iran to let new concessions in October 1957. As a result of the deal, oil countries in Latin America and the Middle East decided to demand renegotiation of concession contracts. It describes the success and organizational structure of ENI.
- Published
- 1957
24. Editorials.
- Author
-
Kirghwey, Freda
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,QUARRELING ,DEMOCRACY ,INTERVENTION (International law) - Abstract
Iran was pressed by the British into laying its quarrel with the Soviet Union before the United Nations, though the long-standing British-Russian rivalry in the area gives the charge credibility; but Iran was not pressed to withdraw. China seems assured of a democratic and unified government as a result of the ratification of the decisions of the Political Consultative Council by the Kuomintang standing committee. Intervention has almost as bad a name in Latin America as non-intervention in Europe. Both have come to signify, paradoxically, the same thing: big-power support of the forces of reaction. Non-intervention-or the treachery that bore that label-made possible the triumph of fascism in Spain. Intervention kept or put tyrants in power in half a dozen American republics.
- Published
- 1946
25. Iran: Goodby to the Nightingale.
- Author
-
Esfandiary, F. M.
- Subjects
HUMANITIES ,ROMANTICISM in literature ,ETHNOLOGY ,POETRY (Literary form) ,LITERATURE - Abstract
American and European romanticists in their efforts to denigrate progress point to the art and literature of backward countries as evidence of the richness of old civilizations. An American will quote a few verses from Omar Khayyam, then lapse into elaborate praise for the wisdom of the ancient Iranians. Iranians, for example, refer to the country as the land of poetry. Every Iranian, even the muleteer and the laborer, is said to be a poet. it is in our soul, in our blood. They also believe that their literature has long been second to none. This extravagant adulation has encouraged Middle Easterners to languish complacently in self-delusion.
- Published
- 1966
26. The Week.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,WAR - Abstract
This article presents information related to political issues around the world. Striking evidence of the "state of nerves" into which the United States has got is furnished by the number of ordinarily calm and cool-headed men who are now going about filled with unconcealed apprehension. Talk of war between Russia and Turkey over the Persian boundary dispute is taken in some quarters seriously. The quarrel is of nearly a year's standing. Difference of opinion between Turkey and Persia as to the frontier line in the north was followed by what Persia has designated as invasion of her territory by Turkish troops.
- Published
- 1908
27. After Mossadegh, Who?
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,PETROLEUM industry ,PETROLEUM product sales & prices - Abstract
The article discusses a series of talks between Iranian Premier Mohammed Mossadegh and U.S. Assistant Secretary of State George McGhee regarding Iran's oil sector. According to the author, talking with Mossadegh has become one of the more useless exercises in modern diplomacy. As the talks ended, Mossadegh still remains strong to his position, that is, he would not allow British technicians to handle Iran's oil industry. In addition, he demanded a wholesale price for his country's oil that both the U.S. and Great Britain regard as too expensive.
- Published
- 1951
28. The Week.
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,TREATIES ,PEACE ,INTERNATIONAL law ,SOVEREIGNTY ,POLITICAL doctrines - Abstract
Another country is making an effort to break into the growing class of small and oppressed nationalities. As the result of a meeting of the ministry, dignitaries and notables of Iran the Government has drawn up a list of terms to be presented in behalf of Iran at the peace conference. With Russian imperialism dead, Iran has only Great Britain to deal with and so with U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's fourteen points before its eyes the Iran Government, among other demands, is asking the admission of a delegation from Iran to the peace conference; the cancellation of all treaties, conventions and agreements in contravention of the sovereignty and independence of Iran and guarantees from the powers to safeguard in the future its sovereignty and territorial integrity and economic and political independence.
- Published
- 1919
29. Bogged in Iran.
- Subjects
ECONOMIC development ,IRANIAN politics & government, 1941-1979 ,CONSULTANTS - Abstract
The article discusses the political problems encountered by Overseas Consultants, Inc. (OCI) before starting their seven-year development program in Iran worth 650 million U.S. dollars. It mentions the creation of the Plan Organization by the Iranian government to supervise the OCI development work leaving no authority for OCI but to serve only as consultant. It notes that the drain on the resources of Plan Organization placed a financial hole on the development program that kept the project from proceeding on as scheduled.
- Published
- 1950
30. CHAPTER XX. TABREEZ TO TEHERAN.
- Author
-
Stevens, Thomas
- Subjects
VOYAGES & travels ,BICYCLE touring ,TRAVEL - Abstract
Chapter 20 of the book "Around the World on a Bicycle: From San Francisco to Teheran," by Thomas Stevens is presented. It explores the author's experience on his journey from Tabreez to Teheran, Persia. It provides details on his travel to different places of the Persian territory including Hadji Agha, Sercham village and Kasveen. It also presents the way of life, civilization and government in Persia. An overview of his stay at the house of several khans of Persian monarchs is included.
- Published
- 1889
31. CHAPTER XII. TAKEN BACK TO PERSIA.
- Author
-
Stevens, Thomas
- Subjects
TRAVEL writing ,VILLAGES ,PROCESSIONS ,ISLAMIC countries - Abstract
Chapter XII of the book "Around the World on a Bicycle: From Teheran to Yokohama," by Thomas Stevens is presented. It highlights the author's journey back to Persia and his description of the villages including Karize and Furriman. He had his first encounter of a caravan of the dead that will be buried in holy grounds like Meshed. The caravan is a characteristic of Mohammedan countries like Persia. He also cited several people he met during his travel like Colonel G.
- Published
- 1889
32. CHAPTER I. THE START FROM TEHERAN.
- Author
-
Stevens, Thomas
- Subjects
CYCLING ,TRAVEL writing - Abstract
Chapter I of the book "Around the World on a Bicycle: From Teheran to Yokohama," Volume II, by Thomas Stevens is presented. It explores the author's first travel experience on his bicycle from Teheran to Meshed in Persia. It discusses his personal connection with General Melnikoff, the Russian Minister and his staff to be permitted to travel. Particular focus is given to the description of his travel and his appreciation of the place.
- Published
- 1889
33. CHAPTER XIX. PERSIA AND THE TABREEZ CARAVAN TRAIL.
- Author
-
Stevens, Thomas
- Subjects
VOYAGES & travels ,BICYCLE touring ,HOSPITALITY - Abstract
Chapter 19 of the book "Around the World on a Bicycle: From San Francisco to Teheran," by Thomas Stevens is presented. It explores the author's journey to Peri, a suburban village of Khoi in Persia. It provides description of the city of Khoi including the Persian people and their religious life, and the hospitality of Mohammed Ali Khan, the governor of Peri. His journey to Tabreez passing through the Lake Ooroomiah and his stay at Mr. and Mrs. Abbott's house while in Tabreez are discussed.
- Published
- 1889
34. CHAPTER XXI. TEHERAN.
- Author
-
Stevens, Thomas
- Subjects
VOYAGES & travels ,BICYCLE touring - Abstract
Chapter 21 of the book "Around the World on a Bicycle: From San Francisco to Teheran," by Thomas Stevens is presented. It explores the author's experience while settled in Teheran, Persia. It provides information regarding Teheran including the government, civilization and religious life. It also highlights several places in Persia which the author has visited such as the Persian gardens, monarch palaces and Teheran bazaar.
- Published
- 1889
35. Differential life-styles between migrants and nonmigrants: A case study of the city of Shiraz, Iran.
- Author
-
Paydarfar, Ali A. and Paydarfar, A A
- Subjects
LIFESTYLES ,IMMIGRANTS ,NATIVISM ,EMIGRATION & immigration - Abstract
The migration pattern to Shiraz, a southern city of Iran, is not consistent with the general pattern observed in cities of the other developing nations. Migrants to Shiraz are largely from other cities, and they are more advanced educationally and socioeconomically and less traditional than native Shirazi. This study is based on 1,061 interview cases collected at random. The sample consists of 612 nonmigrants, 125 rural migrants and 324 urban migrants. These groups were compared on thirtyfour indices measuring various facets of the respondents' life-styles. The three groups differed statistically on most of the indices. Fatalism and possession of modern appliances were the most important factors differentiating the three groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. PSYCHOLOGY AND INTERCULTURAL INTERACTION.
- Author
-
Goff, Regina M.
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGY ,TEACHERS ,CULTURE ,INTERGROUP relations ,SOCIAL interaction ,VALUES (Ethics) - Abstract
The article cites a study which indicates the use which may be made of psychological data in intercultural interaction. A group of teachers in Iran were asked to respond to a series of questions designed to obtain in indirect manner the nature of values held. Responses were then considered in terms of cues to values revealed and in terms of the relevance of content to positive interaction. All cultures have traditional values which have been institutionalized and which, as indicated in the data, are subject to discovery. Psychic tensions, expressed as values, serve as discriminatory forces and lead to the abstracting of tension reducing stimuli from a wide field of stimulating elements. The nature of responses of a people in intercultural interaction may be anticipated in terms of personal values and protective attitudes which are at stake and which seek expression as motivators of group behavior. Responsiveness in intergroup relations, inclusive of the learning of new attitudes, depends upon giving power to personal and group defenses through sanctioning of deserving cultural features and approval, with reasoned judgment, of prevailing internalized values.
- Published
- 1962
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. PLANNING FOR TRANSPORT INVESTMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF IRAN.
- Author
-
Kaufmann, John H.
- Subjects
CENTRAL economic planning ,TRANSPORTATION planning ,INVESTMENTS ,TRANSPORTATION ,COST effectiveness ,ECONOMISTS ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Thus we have seen that when planning transport and communication development programs in relation to the rest of the economy, the economist is forced, due to both the planning process timing and the relative time perspectives, to frame the infrastructure development more in terms of basic factor analysis than in the detailed translation of individual commodity or trade requirements. Also we have seen how conventional cost-benefit analyses are fraught with difficulties. Some of these difficulties are found in other sectors of the economy as well (e.g., in education and health), but in transport and communication in combination with our first finding, marginal cost-benefit investment analysis is limited in its usefulness. These two observations suggest that economic planning in transport and communication in developing economies needs to be made with an approach geared to the staged timing and long-run design of economic development; that integrated transport and communication development needs to be designed in terms of such basic factors as land mass, population, natural resources, trade, etc. in relation to the perspective values of the country's inputs and the technological and engineering constraints. Hence it is in these terms rather than in the more traditional short-ranged cost-benefit project analyses that the transport and communication economists should concentrate a far greater amount of their efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1962
38. Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in Children.
- Author
-
NOURMAND, AZIZ and ZIAI, MOHSEN
- Subjects
TYPHOID fever ,PARATYPHOID fever ,SALMONELLA typhi ,PEDIATRICS ,CHILD health services - Abstract
Discusses the symptoms and therapy for typhoid and paratyphoid fever in children in Shiraz, Iran. Average duration of illness before hospital admission; Presence of Salmonella typhosa and paratyphi in blood culture; Efficacy of chloramphenical in the treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid fever.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. AVICENNA.
- Author
-
Ziai, Mohsen
- Subjects
LIFE ,GENERAL practitioners ,MEDICINE ,ACHIEVEMENT - Abstract
Focuses on the life and works of Avicenna, famous philosopher and physician in Iran. Contributions of Avicenna in the study of medicine; Career history; Level of achievements.
- Published
- 1964
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. SOCIAL CLASSES, FAMILY DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND MOBILITY IN THREE IRANIAN VILLAGES: A Pilot Study.
- Author
-
Ajami, Ismail
- Subjects
SOCIAL classes ,SOCIAL stratification ,OCCUPATIONAL prestige ,SOCIAL participation ,BUSINESS networks ,TEAMS in the workplace - Abstract
This article focuses on the study on social classes, family demographic characteristics and mobility in three Iranian villages. The three villages which were studied are Deb-Beed, Kooh-Sabz and Faloonack, which are approximately 70 km north of the city of Shiraz and located within 10 km of each other. The concept of "felt-need" in the community development programs and the criterion of equal land distribution to the rural families in land reform programs seem to be based on this conception of undifferentiated social groups in such communities. In each of the village communities a list of the households with the main occupational status of the heads of the households were obtained from key information's. On the basis of these household lists, two broad social groups were distinguished: first, farm families consisting of those who owned land or had cultivation rights to land and second, farm laborers and non-farm families who did not own land or enjoy any rights. This second social category in Iranian villages is generally known as "Khoosh-neshin." Peasants and farm operators comes under the farm families They usually cultivate relatively large areas. Khoosh-neshin was the lowest social class and was non-farm families.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. MODERNISATION PROCESS AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES.
- Author
-
Paydarfar, Ali A.
- Subjects
WESTERN civilization ,POPULATION statistics ,POPULATION research ,SOCIAL systems ,URBANIZATION & society ,INDUSTRIALIZATION & society - Abstract
The article discusses the study carried out to measure the consequences of Western civilization over other nations. In recent decades, a general notion has emerged and become widely accepted that as a consequence of the impact of Western civilization the economic, social and cultural conditions of many nations in the future will become similar to those of Western Europe. Social and technical changes in a society and its relationship to demographic characteristics have always been sociological problems. So, in this study the demographic characteristics are considered to be dependent variables reflecting the external structural changes of a social system. The theoretical framework of this study is based upon the interrelation between the structural components of a social system and the types of forces that cause change in the structure of a social system. The national and provincial statistics of the first census of Iran, 1956, and the United Nations Demographic and Statistical Year Books of 1956-57 were used as the major sources of data in this study. This data was analyzed at two levels: provincial and national. The findings of the study suggest that the components of modernization are closely interrelated and are functionally associated with the demographic composition of a population; the modernization forces, especially at the early stage, seem to influence first the public external features of a population, and secondly the private and internal features; the more urbanized the Iranian population becomes, the more its demographic structure resembles the highly modernized societies. Finally, the Western type of industrialization, urbanization, and ideology has an almost universalistic application.
- Published
- 1967
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. THE TEACHING OF HIGH SCHOOL CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS IN THE CENTO COUNTRIES.
- Author
-
Summerlin, Lee R. and Darrow, Stewart P.
- Subjects
SCIENCE education ,CHEMISTRY education ,PHYSICS education ,HIGH school curriculum ,CURRICULUM - Abstract
The article examines the nature of teaching chemistry and physics subjects in the Central Treaty Organization-member countries. The countries include Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Great Britain and the U.S. Of the countries mentioned, Great Britain has the best developed science programs. The objective in teaching chemistry and physics in Pakistan is mainly to develop in the student appropriate scientific attitudes and abilities and to prepare them to specialize in the areas so they can continue their education in the colleges and universities. In Iran, the subjects are taught during high school which is divided into two cycles. The Turkish school system is similar in structure to those of the other countries. After finishing junior high school, the student may enter upper secondary or a vocational-trade block.
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The Roman Empire vs. Persia, 363-502: a study of successful deterrence.
- Author
-
Bullough, Vern L.
- Subjects
DETERRENCE (Military strategy) ,REIGN of Julian, Rome, 361-363 ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,IRANIAN history ,IRANIAN foreign relations - Abstract
The article compares the deterrence factors present during the period of peace between the Roman Empire and Persia in 363 A.D. and its breakdown in 502 A.D. It provides a historical background on the diplomatic relations between the two countries. It lists various deterrence factors present during the 363-502 period including the show of force, small land actions, alliances with a third power, the building of fortifications and the establishment of military colonies. It argues that the peace established between the two countries in 363 A.D. was essentially a compromise peace, a peace without victory.
- Published
- 1963
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Environmental Changes and the Origin of Agriculture in the Near East.
- Author
-
Wright, Jr., H. E.
- Subjects
ORIGIN of agriculture ,PALEOECOLOGY ,GEOMORPHOLOGICAL research ,VEGETATION & climate ,ECOLOGY - Abstract
The article focuses on the origin of agriculture and the changes in the environment in the Middle East. According to geomorphic and paleoecological studies, the Taurus-Zagros mountain arc between the Mesopotamian lowland and the Anatolian-Iranian Plateau, which is a principal focus of agricultural origins. It discusses the cultural sequence which led to the development of agriculture, which began around 11,000 years ago. It also presents pollen diagrams that depict the vegetational sequence that led to environmental changes.
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. REGIONAL CO-OPERATION FOR DEVELOPMENT: PAKISTAN, IRAN AND TURKEY.
- Author
-
Islam, Nurul
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,TRADE blocs - Abstract
Focuses on the Regional Co-operation for Development (RCD) among Pakistan, Iran and Turkey. Scope and techniques of regional economic cooperation; Organizational structure of the RCD; Major objectives; Important institutions; Economic structure and patterns of trade of RCD countries.
- Published
- 1967
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Country Profiles, Iran.
- Author
-
Population Council, New York, NY., Friesen, John K., and Moore, Richard V.
- Abstract
A profile of Iran is sketched in this paper. Emphasis is placed on the nature, scope, and accomplishments of population activities in the country. Topics and sub-topics include: location and description of the country; population--size, number of households, women of reproductive age, growth patterns, role of women, urban/rural distribution, ethnic and religious composition, literacy, economic status, and contraceptive knowledge; population growth and development--national economics and social welfare expenditures; history of population concerns; population policies; population programs--objectives, organization, operations, governmental role, education and communication efforts, and private agencies in family planning; and foreign assistance for family planning activities. Summary statements indicate that program policy is to offer contraceptive information and services through the growing national network of family planning clinics, relying almost exclusively on pills as the contraceptive technique. The strength and sense of urgency of the national commitment can be seen both in the rapidly increasing channeling of talent and financial resources to this effort and in the ambition of national goals for decreasing the current high population growth rate. References and a country map are given. (BL)
- Published
- 1972
47. Pakistan and Afghanistan Librarianship.
- Author
-
Harvey, John F.
- Abstract
In March and April 1968, the author was a guest of the U.S. Information Service on a two week trip to Pakistan and Afghanistan. During this stay, 30 libraries in five cities were visited. This paper describes this trip and relates the library happenings in these countries. It was obvious that Pakistan librarianship had advanced beyond the profession in either Iran or Afghanistan. There were many more librarians, more of them capable, more curiosity about foreign ideas, more concern for the present, larger book collections, larger buildings, more library schools, more active library associations, and more library publication. Yet all of this development has occurred in university and special libraries, not in school or public libraries, typical of Southwest Asia. And the picture seemed to be standing still or else moving ahead very slowly, as if the librarians had been trained before the nation was ready to support them. There seemed to be no evidence of a surge forward in public libraries, as there was in Iran or of major budget support for university libraries as there was in Ankara. Furthermore, the problem of over population had to be dealt with successfully or there would never be per capita improvement. Since Pakistan's economy was moving rapidly ahead, perhaps good library budgets and new building plans would also come, but one wonders if a country now so poor would support good library service even in the next generation. (LI 004244 through 004260 and LI 004262 through 004267 are related.) (Author/NH)
- Published
- 1968
48. Locating West and South Asian Research Material.
- Author
-
Harvey, John F.
- Abstract
Although numerous outstanding research collections as well as able professional librarians exist in South and West Asia, many people find Asian libraries difficult to use. Often researchers need specialized data which is hard for them to locate in the limited time available. This paper's purpose is to provide practical suggestions for scholars about overcoming the difficulties of using Asian libraries. It is intended to assist researchers in all fields, including those working on dissertations, and is written to help them change a frustrating and disappointing year into one more rewarding. These remarks are applicable for those parts of Asia which the author has visited: India, Pakistan, eleven more moslem, one Hebrew and one Christian country extending West to the U.A.R. and North to Turkey--and for those researchers whose material location problems are similar to the Asian reference problems with which the author has already dealt. (LI 004244 through 004262 and LI 004264 through 004267 are related.) (Author/NH)
- Published
- 1970
49. The Tehran Book Processing Centre.
- Author
-
Harvey, John F.
- Abstract
Establishment of the Tehran Book Processing Centre (Tebroc) was proposed in the Spring of 1968. This document is a descriptive and historical account of the center, and a description of its contributions to Iranian processing development. The center was modeled, to a certain extent, after Bro-Dart's Alanar in Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Tebroc was designed to provide large scale, modern, economic and professional book selection, acquisition, cataloging, classification, and shelf preparation services for Iranian libraries and information centers. All types of libraries were to be served in all parts of Iran. Books in all languages and from all countries, all types and forms of printed and audio-visual materials, all subject fields and English, French, German, Spanish, Persian, and Arabic languages, were to be processed. The organization was Iranian in some ways, western in others, sometimes was very successful, sometimes hopeless. The paper should answer the question, how did this American idea fare in the Iranian library world. (LI 004244 through 004249 and LI 004251 through 004267 are related.) (Author/SJ)
- Published
- 1971
50. The Iranian Documentation Centre.
- Author
-
Harvey, John F.
- Abstract
The purpose of the Iranian Documentation Centr (Irandoc) was to collect that portion of the world's literature which was pertinent to Iran's research interests, to organize that material, and to promote its use by Iranian researchers. Stated more succinctly, Irandoc's purpose was to obtain ready access to the world's scientific literature in order to improve Iranian research projects. Stated in still another way, Irandoc was (1) building the national science and social science library, (2) providing documentation level services for it, and (3) participating in regional and international information networks. In carrying out these purposes, the Centre collected current book, periodical, document, and report material, organized it, and brought it to the attention of Iranian researchers for use with specific projects. Irandoc's goals included service to the following users: university faculty members, university students, industrial research and development centers, industrial production units, business firms, hospitals, research institutes, government ministries and agencies. In its first three years, Irandoc provided service to these groups plus physicians, engineers, agriculturalists, scientists, chemists, lawyers, educators, economists and others. This paper is a history and description of the establishment and early existence of Irandoc. (LI 004244 through 004251 and LI 004253 through 004267 are related.) (Author/SJ)
- Published
- 1971
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