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The article discusses the Rhode Island admiralty documents and papers. In 1703, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island were constituted one district, and the Rhode Island court was held by a deputy appointed by the judge in Boston. The Vice Admiralty papers start in 1727, run with tantalizing gaps to 1772, and are most complete for 1740-52. After 1752, the papers are extremely fragmentary. With the Revolution and the establishment of a state court of admiralty, the records begin again, and for the period 1776-83 they are substantially complete. In a sense, therefore, the Rhode Island papers complement those of New York, since the latter, in the Vice Admiralty period, are most full for 1754-74, and in the state court run from 1784 to 1788.

Efforts at educational reform between 1890 and 1930 in New York were more successful in medicine than in law. This paper considers influences favoring medical reform: a rapid introduction of new knowledge and techniques; a national, even international competition for medical esteem; a visible need for expensive instructional facilities; a solid connection of schools of medicine with universities; a strong professional association; and several other forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the discrimination against Negroes and Puerto Ricans in the New York Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA). The paper is concerned with an assessment of the impact of occupational and educational differences on 1970 earnings levels of White, Negro, and Puerto Rican males in the New York SMSA. The analysis suggests that earnings differences between races largely reflect real skill differences rather than color based employer discrimination. It has been suggested that individuals within given occupations, especially in narrowly defined occupations, are likely to be of equal productivity. However, despite being rather detailed, the census occupational data are in no way sufficiently disaggregated to warrant the assumption of equal efficiency. Furthermore, within narrowly defined occupations there are likely to be productivity differences between workers as a result of differences in native ability, education, and training. Therefore, an attempt has been made to account for differences in skills.

A series of forty-eight stimulus patterns were painted and converted to sound by the pattern playback. At the Haskins Laboratories, New York, experiments concerned with resonant consonants have been carried out in which the approach was somewhat different from that employed in the experiments to be described in this paper. The basic pattern used in the Haskins experiments was probably designed to compensate for the absence of third format, since an addition of it to the Haskins pattern made alteration necessary to gain a satisfactory approximation to the speech sound desired.

The article discusses manuscript sources in American radicalism. Scholars interested in American radicalism must be prepared to travel widely if they expect to inspect manuscript sources. Virtually every state, almost every university library of any stature, has some such holdings. Socialists, and other radicals, were prolific writers of letters, memoranda, speeches and pamphlets. They also tended to keep extensive minutes of meetings of branches, committees, national boards, and even of factions. Moreover, most Socialists had a sense of history and preserved their records. Unfortunately, there is no single repository for this Socialist material. At one time it was expected that the Tamiment Institute-then called the Rand School-Library in New York would house the material. But Socialists, in the course of human events, split into innumerable factions, and the leaders of different factions gave their papers to various libraries some of them thousands of miles apart. There were also geographic reasons for the dispersion: the early Socialists of the Nineteenth century lived in Indiana, New York, Massachusetts, and (after 1880) California.

The article presents an extract from a private diary kept by an intelligent and scholarly young carpenter living in New England and New York from September 1820 to May 1827. Carpenters having frequently discussed upon the impropriety of working so many hours during the longest days in summer, for a day's work and on the necessity and expediency of limiting the number of hours for a day's work, thereby reducing it to a regular system whereby every mechanick might be enabled to work the exact specified time for his employer and yet have some leisure time to regulate and make such arrangements in his affairs as are indispensably necessary. The first step taken to effect this was notice given in the public papers that a meeting of the journeymen carpenters would be held at Concert Hall, on April 12, 1825 and solicited punctual attendance. This notice was given about ten days previous to the proposed meeting. Five or six days before the meeting about sixty or seventy of the above named met to consult what measures to adopt at the general meeting and make such arrangements for the same as might be thought proper.

Information about several papers discussed at the New York State Planning Conference for the Exceptional is presented. 35 of the leading New York State educators of exceptional children met in Syracuse, New York to discusse mutual problems and to devise ways of improving the educational programs in the schools of the state in order to meet the needs of handicapped children.

The article provides information about the 52nd Annual International Convention of the Council for Exceptional Children to be held in New York City on April 14-19, 1974. The responses received by the Advisory Committee have been distributed to the committees and are now in the final review and scheduling process. Detailed planning is required in the total convention week with time line commitments which make extensions impossible. A criteria is also established for accepting papers, including those which contribute to the teacher learner environment, those which speak to innovative teaching practices, research applicable to instructional programs, and presentations which deal with expanding educational options for exceptional children.

The article presents an account of the book "Assessment of Human Motives," edited by Gardner Lindzey. The book summarizes the 1957 conference held at Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, consisting of nine important papers by eminent psychologists.