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In this paper we provide a theoretical explanation of some of the phenomena which can arise in experiments using the retarding potential difference (R.P.D.) technique. In particular we can account for the occurrence of negative and of non-linear signals, and possibly also for the appearance of spurious peaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The various theoretical analyses that have been made of delay to traffic at a fixed time traffic signal are critically reviewed. The more practicably applicable expressions for the average delay per vehicle, especially those derived by Webster, Miller, and Newell, are examined in some detail, and this paper provides an introduction to numerical comparisons to be reported by Hutchinson in the sequel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A queuing model is presented in which delay stems from a disparity between the order at which service is provided to customers and the order at which they may leave the system. Consider, for example, wives waiting in cars-single file-for the arrival of their husbands by a common train. A car is ready to leave when its passenger takes his seat but may have to wait for the departure of all cars preceding it in the lane. Initially, the probability function of waiting is determined for a single, finite queue. Next, the consequences of splitting the single queue into several parallel queues with identical discipline are explored. The results of the analysis are applied to a parking lot design problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]