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This article presents a list of references leading to the establishment of the State of Israel. The age-long dream of Zion became a political movement with the calling of the First Zionist Congress in 1897. This record of the political activity of the Jewish people for their state is recorded in the "Protocols of the Zionist Congress," which covers the first congress held in Basel, Switzerland, in 1897, to the twenty-second held in Basel in 1946. On December 17, 1917, the victorious British Army entered Jerusalem and a new epoch began for the Holy Land. Arab-Jewish relations became strained and in 1921 the first disturbances broke out, and the country has the first government investigation. This is followed by the various White Papers, and the investigation by the various commissions. The very titles of the documents tell the story and struggle of the Jewish people to create their state. The Balfour Declaration was the promise to the Jewish people of the world to help them to establish their homeland. The first immigrants after the First World War, and even before the war ended, were the American and Canadian Jews who volunteered for the Jewish Legion, together with Palestinian and British Jews, to help win the war.

This article presents information on several papers and memorandums related to economic conditions in various countries. The Parliamentary documents for 1886 will contain a good deal of evidence of the increasing uneasiness as to the condition and prospects of the foreign trade of England. A Blue Book has been issued, giving the rates of duty levied on imports by the different European countries and the United States; and a second is to give the duties levied by the British colonies, these returns being on the plan of the similar documents published in 1882. The Commission on the Depression of Trade have also collected and published reports from the English consuls, showing the impediments to British trade in the different countries. Another snippet reports that the opening of fertile wheat lands in the United States, and the cheap transportation of grain to Europe have had an influence not only on England and Ireland, but on France, Germany, and Russia. French and German legislation has been invoked to protect the farmer. But now an interesting movement is in progress among the Russian peasants, by which the former serfs are becoming separated from the land. At the time of the emancipation of the serfs, Russia controlled the wheat markets of Western Europe; while the prices of agricultural products were high, and even rising.

This article presents information about an article "Initial Report on the Automatic Micro-Film Information System (AMFIS)," by Emik A. Avakian. AMFIS employs a mechanism that can store either 1-1/2 million documents or 9 million catalogue cards. By keying document accession number on a ten digit key-board operator, it can project legible image onto a viewing screen at center of desk, or at remote points, within two seconds. Documents are reproduced in less than half a minute by standard techniques such as photostat or xerography. Reports may be microfilmed on 8mm and 16mm film. The desk viewer is standard and the remote viewer employs a flying spot scanner.

The article discusses some points to consider in the study of problems relating to carbon copies of typewritten documents. Many years ago the counterpart of a typewritten carbon copy of a document was made with a pair of scissors. The debenture was cut zig-zag across the page at a point above the writing. One party kept the lower part with the text and signatures on it. The holder of the upper section could be identified with the transaction, but he had no protection against an alteration of the original text which might occur subsequent to the execution of the signatures. Modern typewritten carbons furnish a facsimile of the original text are an improvement over the scissors method. However, even this method is not perfect. Original, or carbon copies of the same document get lost, stolen, or are purposely concealed and altered. In some cases fake imitations are substituted for fraudulent purposes. Disputes arise, lawsuits result, and the document examiner is challenged to establish what really happened. Some suggestions to follow in examination of carbon copies of typewritten documents include checking the depth of the impressions on the back side of the original and examination microscopically the holes made by punctuation marks on the back of the original.

This article presents information about an article "Standards in Photographic Reproduction of Documents," by Verner W. Clapp. On May 21, 1953, the American Standards Association sponsored a meeting at its office in New York to consider the initiation of a project on photographic documentation. It was attended by representatives of libraries, library associations, the photographic industry, producers of microfilm and manufacturers of microfilm equipment. They recommended that the Association form a new committee for standards in photographic reproduction of documents.