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Urine calcium excretion in healthy children was 2·38±0·66 (SD; no. = 52) mg/kg per 24 hr and urinary magnesium excretion was 2·82±0·79 (SD; no. = 23). The 24-hour urine calcium excretion could be predicted with reasonable confidence from the calcium/creatinine concentration ratio of the second urine specimen passed in the morning. In this specimen the urine calcium/creatinine concentration ratio was 0·14±0·06 (SD; no. = 60) mg/mg and the magnesium/creatinine concentration ratio was 0·21±0·10 (SD; no. = 29) mg/mg. The upper limit of the urine calcium excretion is taken to be 4 mg/kg per 24 hr and that of the calcium/creatinine concentration ratio in the second morning urine is 0·25 mg/mg. After a milk load of 700 ml/1·73 m 2 the urinary calcium/creatinine concentration ratio rose in the first two hours, but in no sample exceeded 0·25 mg/mg.

SUMMARY After relief of obstructive nephropathy urinary sodium excretion rose in 39 of 50 children to a mean in the whole group of 59% above preoperative levels. There was a significant positive correlation between the increase in sodium excretion in the first 24 hours after operation and the increase in GFR at 1 week. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that the reversibly obstructed kidney is characterised by nephron underperfusion and enhanced proximal reabsorption of filtrate due to hydrodynamic factors.

Forty-two cases of embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma of the urogenital tract are reviewed. Their distribution, modes of presentation, clinical features, surgical management, and prognosis are discussed.

Of nine children with presacral teratomas four under the age of 6 mo, had benign tumors and are alive and well after surgery. Of five children older than 6 mo with malignant tumors, four were dead within 1 yr in spite of treatment. From these cases it is clear that survival of these infants is related to the age at which the diagnosis is discovered. Infants with urinary symptoms or constipation should have a digital rectal examination to exclude a pelvic mass. Early exploration is warranted to establish the diagnosis and once confirmed radical surgical excision of the tumor is mandatory.

The study was intended to discuss millennial religious moderations according to Habib Husein Ja 'Far Al-Hadar. The study is a qualitative study using descriptive methods. When it comes to data, it is a qualitative study with the method of library research, so the data used are books directly related to the study. The study sought to review Habib Husein Ja’far Al-Hadar's ideas about religious moderations of the millennials. It was concluded that Habib Husein Ja’far Al-Hadar's idea of religious moderation was essential in view of the many threats of radicalism against the millennials. The study recommends to religious institutions to apply religious moderations to millennials.

SummaryThe shoots of high, medium and low yielding clones of tapioca were examined to see whether yield was associated with morphological characteristics of the foliage and/or with leaf area development. The lowest yielding variety had the highest leaf area per stem, and vice versa, differences in leaf area being mainly due to differences in leaf size. Leaves of the highest yielding variety possessed attenuated lobes, which tended to have a more vertical mid-day orientation, whereas the lowest yielding variety possessed large broad-lobed leaves with more horizontal orientation. The intermediate variety had acutely attenuated lobes and showed a much more vertical day-time orientation. The relationship between the leaf properties and canopy efficiency is discussed.

Two uremic infants with profound hypomagnesemia had convulsions that were controlled only by parenteral magnesium therapy. Plasma magnesium levels were estimated in 11 subsequent infants with acute or acute-on-choronic renal failure and were related to the plasma levels of calcium, phosphate, and urea. Plasma magnesium levels at or below 0.9 mg. per 100 ml. were observed in 3 of the 13 infants. Hypomagnesemia was usually associated with hypocalcemia and acidosis, but in the group as a whole the depression of serum magnesium concentration correlated best with the degree of hyperphosphatemia. The possible occurrence of hypomagnesemia should be considered in the management of uremic infants with convulsions.

Amlodipine is a long-acting calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and angina. In adult man, the treatment regimen is 5 or 10 mg daily. This study evaluated the effects of prolonged oral administration of Amlodipine Besylate on the morphology of bone marrow in adult male Wistar rats. Sixteen rats (140 - 190 g) comprising of four groups were employed in the study. Rats of Control Group I received physiological saline orally while rats of Experimental Groups II - IV received oral administrations of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg bodyweight of Amlodipine Besylate respectively for nine weeks. Histo-pathological examinations of the bone marrow showed normal cytoarchitecture of erythrocytes and leukocytes in rats of Control Group I. However, dose-dependent degeneration and lyses of erythrocytes and leukocytes were observed in amlodipine-treated rats. In conclusion, impaired morphology of the bone marrow were observed in amlodipine-treated adult male Wistar ratsKey words: Amlodipine Besylate, bone marrow, morphology, rats.

The use of wavefunctions which properly include the periodic part of the spin-orbit interaction, allows one to show that the matrix elements of a scattering potential contain an asymmetric part. When calculated to the second Born approximation, the transition probability leads to a transverse resistivity in the Hall geometry. An estimate of this anomalous Hall resistivity gives a right order of magnitude. The physical significance of this effect is briefly discussed in terms of a relativistic analogy.

We have studied the extraordinary Hall effect (EHE) in the magnetic semiconducting solid solutions Sn1-xMnxTe over the ranges of carrier concentrations: 3.1020 < p < 8.1020 cm-3, and Mn concentrations: 2.5 < x < 7.5 at.%. We have calculated the skew scattering contribution to the EHE arising from both spin independent and spin dependent potentials; we have also estimated the current renormalization contribution. Good agreement has been found between the calculated values of extraordinary Hall coefficient and the experimental ones over the whole range of parameters studied.

120 children with urinary calculi were treated between 1966 and 1971. 75% were male, and the median age of diagnosis was 3 years. In 34 there were associated urological abnormalities and in 8 a metabolic cause of calculi was identified. 12 of 67 children had hypercalciuria. In 95 children the urine was infected on admission to hospital; in 76, particularly the younger children, this was with Proteus species. Calculi recurred after surgery in 13 children, and in 9 the only identifiable factor was failure to eradicate the Proteus infection.

Resistivity and Hall effect have been studied in monocrystalline samples of ferromagnetic semiconducting alloys Sn1−xMnxTe, with 0