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The present study was undertaken to establish the efficacy of acridine orange staining for diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) and association of Gardnerella Vaginalis with BV. Two hundred sexually active females in the age group of 15-45 years, with vaginal discharge and itching, were selected for the study. A detailed history and a thorough clinical examination of all the cases were done. After making the clinical diagnosis of BV by Amsels criteria, diagnosis also carried out with Acridine orange staining, Gram stain, Nugent criteria and isolation of Gard. vaginalis from vaginal fluid. Out of 200 women, 48 (24%) cases were diagnosed as having bacterial vaginosis by applying Amsel’s clinical criteria. The rate of detection of bacterial vaginosis was 23% by Gram stain Nugent criteria and 24.5% by acridine orange staining. Out of the total 48 BV cases, the rate of detection of BV was 100% by Acridine orange staining and 93.87% by Gram-stain Nugent criteria. By Acridine orange staining Lactobacillus and pus cell were also detected which provided an important information about vaginal ecosystem. Acridine orange staining was the most sensitive (100%) method considering Amsel’s criteria as gold standard. The sensitivity of Gram stain Nugent criteria was 93.75% in this study. The specificity of Acridine orange staining was 99.55% and the specificity of Gram stain Nugent criteria was 99.10%. The positive predicative values of acridine orange staining and Gram staining Nugent criteria were 97.96% and 95.74% and the negative predictive values of these tests were 100% and 98.65% respectively. The results of Acridine orange staining test correlated well with that of Amsel’s clinical criteria among the study cases and healthy controls. Key words: Bacterial Vaginosis, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Amsel’s criteria, Acridine orange, Nugent criteria, Gardnerella vaginalis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i1.8468 BJMM 2011; 4(1): 37-42

A cross sectional study was conducted on patients attending at the outpatient department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka during the period of July, 2007 to December, 2007. Two hundred sexually active female in the age group of 15-45 years, with vaginal discharge and itching, were selected for the study. Among them 143 having only vaginal discharge and itching without PID (Pelvic inflammatory disease) and 57 patients having vaginal discharge and itching with PID. A detailed history and a thorough clinical examination of all the cases were done. After making the clinical diagnosis of BV (Bacterial vaginosis) by Amsels criteria, diagnosis also carried out with Acridine orange staining, Gram stain Nugent criteria. Out of 200 women, 48 (24%) cases were diagnosed as having bacterial vaginosis by applying Amsel's clinical criteria. The rate of detection of bacterial vaginosis was 23% by Gram stain Nugent criteria and 24.5% by acridine orange staining. In this study BV was diagnosed in 31(54.39) cases among the PID patients and 17(11.89) among the women having only vaginal discharge and itching. This study shows the increased association of BV in PID patients of Bangladesh. Key words: Bacterial vaginosis; Sexually Transmitted Diseases DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v6i1.7403 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2011;6(1): 10-13

DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v8i2.6035 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 8(2): 177-180, 2009 (December)

A prospective study was carried out in 50 burn patients admitted in Burn unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital over a period of one year from January 2005 to December 2005 to evaluate time-related changes in aerobic bacterial colonization and their sensitivity pattern. Periodic swabs were taken from the burn wound on Day 0, Day 7, Day 14 and Day 21 to see the changing pattern of organisms during hospital stay of patients. In the present study burn injury was highest in the age group 11-20 yrs (34%). Male to female ratio was 1.38:1. The mean percentage of burn was 35.79% of total body surface area (TBSA). Fire was the major cause of burn (38%) followed by electric burn (20%). Among the 200 samples, single organism was isolated in 71% samples and mixed organism in 13.5% and no growth in 14.5%. Among single isolates Pseudomonas aeruginosa was leading (28%) followed by Escherichia coli (17.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (16%), coagulse negative Staphylococcus (4.5%) and Klebsiella (2%). Among mixed growth Pseudomonas aeruginosa was still leading (11%) follow by E. coli (9.5%) Staphylococcus (5.5%), Proteus (1%) and Klebsiella (0.5%).There were time -related changes in bacterial isolation from burn wound during hospital stay of patients. On admission 42% of the isolated organisms were Staphylococcus aureus and only 6% each Pseudomonas aerunginosa and E. coli were isolated. No growth was found in 28%. samples. These findings were gradually changing with time and on day 21 Staphylococcus aureus were only 4% whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 40% and E. coli 28%. Antimicrobial sensitivity test showed that pseudomonas aeruginosa was highly resistant to antimicrobial agents. It was most sensitive to Imipenem (98.72%) followed by Aztreonam (33.44%), Ceftazidime (38.32%) and Gentamicin (19.23%). E. coli was also found most sensitive to Imipenem (98.15%) followed by Gentamicin (38.95%), Chloramphenicol (37.1%), Ciprofloxacin (35.25%) and ceftraixone (29.70%). Staphylococcus aureus was 100% sensitive to Vancomycin followed by Amoxiclav and Oxacillin (53.43% each), Gentamicin (44.70%) and Cloxacillin (39.52%). It is crucial for every burn institution to determine the specific pattern of burn wound microbial colonization, the time-related changes in dominant flora, and the antimicrobial sensitivity profiles. This would enable early treatment of septic episodes with proper empirical systemic antibiotics without waiting for culture results, thus improving overall infection related morbidity and mortality. DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v6i1.7410 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2011;6(1): 41-45

The effect of seed rate and irrigation level on the performance of wheat cv. Gourab was studied. The experiment comprises of two factors namely (1) four seed rate viz . 100, 120, 140 and 160 kgha -1 and (2) four levels of irrigation namely (i) no irrigation i.e. control, (ii) one irrigation given at Crown root initiation (CRI) stage, (iii) two irrigations given at CRI and Panicle initiation stages and (iv) three irrigation given at CRI, panicle initiation and grain filling stages. All of the yields contributing characters were significantly affected by seed rate except 1000-grain weight. The highest plant height (82.36 cm), total tillers plant -1 (8.99), effective tillers plant -1 (3.49) , spike length (8.05 cm), spikelets spike -1 (15.50), filled grain spike -1 (31.05), grain yield (2.82 t ha -1 ), straw yield (3.73 t ha -1 ), biological yield (6.55 t ha -1 ) and harvest index (42.43%) were recorded from the seed rate of 140 kg ha -1 . Most of the yields contributing characters were significant due to effect of irrigation level. The highest plant height (82.33 cm), spike length (8.37 cm), filled grain spike -1 (31.90), effective tillers plant -1 (3.31), grain yield (3.30 t ha -1 ), straw yield (4.09 t ha -1 ), biological yield(7.39 t ha -1 ) and harvest index (44.47%) were recorded when one irrigation given at CRI stage . The interaction between seed rate and irrigation level influenced significantly all the plant characters except plant height, spikelets spike -1 and 1000-grains weight. The highest spike length (8.63 cm), grain yield (3.70 t ha -1 ), biological yield (8.06 t ha -1 ) and harvest index (45.91%) were found from the seed rate of 140 kg ha -1 combined with one irrigation applied at CRI stage. So it may be stated that the seed rate of 140 kg ha -1 with one irrigation given at CRI stage may be practiced for better performance of wheat cv. Gourab. Keyword: Seed rate; Irrigation level; Gourab DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i1.4797 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 47-52, 2009