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Eight males (aged 22-27) with normal ears were exposured to (1) steady state noise (broad band noise, 90dB). (2) impact noise with the frequency of one time per two seconds (peak value 105dB with about 25msec B-duration and peak value 120dB with 25msec and about 100msec B-duration), and (3) a combination of steady state noise and impact noise.(1) Impact noise alone with a peak value of 105dB produced no significant TTS growth for steady state noise or combined noise above both.(2) TTS growth of combined noise with impact noise (peak value 120dB, B-duration about 25msec) and steady state noise were larger than that of steady state noise alone, and the difference was statistically significant.(3) In the case of third impact noise (peak value 120dB, B-duration 100msec), the effect to hearing loss was showed in following order, impact noise alone, combined both, steady state noise.

高分子材料改質の目標はきわめて多岐にわたるが,筆者はこれらをまとめて,(1)加工性の向上,(2)強度,耐熱性的な性能の向上,(3)親水性の付与,(4)その他,の項目に整理した.そして高分子改質の最も基本的な動向を,(2)における強度 耐熱性,形態安定牲などを向上しようとする方向への化学構造の手直しとしてとらえ,この動きは,ビニル系が主体である汎用プラスチックのみならず,縮合系を主体とするエンジニアリングプラスチック,極限ポリマーにもあらわれている旨を述べ,各系統における改質方式の相違にも言及した,この基本線をもとにして他の項目についてもあわせ概観し,以上によって高分子合成と,材料の質的発展を目指す改質技術とのかかわりあいについての全体像を得ようとした.

著者らは昭和38年以来, 城北病院の診療圏における循環器検診や病院外来の高血圧患者を対象に高血圧患者会をつくり, 外来治療や毎年夏の一斉管理検診を実施して来た. 5年から10年にわたり管理を受けた277人の本態性高血圧患者から29人の脳卒中 (脳硬塞22人, 脳出血7人) が発生した. これらの脳卒中と管理初期の断面検査成績および管理期間中の検査成績の推移との関連を検討した. すなわち本研究はこれらの検査成績から将目の脳卒中発生の予知が可能かどうかを吟味するとともに, 今後の高血圧管理のための基礎的資料を得ることを来的とした.循環器検診の各検査成績は相互に関連を有する. そこでこれらの関連を考慮した上で, 脳卒中発生に対する各検査成績の重要度を重回帰分析により電算機を用いて解析した. 結果は以下の通りであった.1. 脳硬塞に対して有意であったのは管理初期の肥満度+20%以上 (この項目のみ負の偏回帰係数), 尿糖陽性, ST-T変化, 眼底細動脈硬化であり, 経年変化では管理検診時の血圧が管理初期の血圧よりも高いことがしばしばあった場合と, 管理検診時の血圧が1回でも180and/or 100mmHg以上を示した場合であった.2. 脳出血の発生に対しては管理初期の眼底高血圧性変化が有意, 尿蛋白陽性が有意な傾向を示し, 経年変化では管理検診時の血圧が1回でも180and/or 100mmHg以上を示した場合が有意であった.したがって脳卒中の発生に関しては血圧の経年変化に関する成績の重要性を考慮した上でも, 管理初期にすでにあった合併所見がその発生に強く関連しており, 今後の高血圧管理においては充分な血圧管理に加えて, これら合併所見の発生を予防することがきわめて重要であると考えられた.

The moisture absorbency (m) and the syntheses of polyamides by condensation of trans-2,5-dimethylpiperazine and/or hexamethylenediamine with adipic acid and/or benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic (trimesic) acid were studied. It was found that a high m-value of 24,2 was obtained in the case of the ratio (2/3 trimesic acid)/adipic acid = 0,1 and a decrease of m with an increasing mole ratio of trans-2,5-dimethylpiperazine/hexamethylenediamine. Die Synthese von Polyamiden durch Kondensation von trans-2,5-Dimethylpiperazin, Hexamethylendiamin oder einer Mischung beider Amine mit Adipinsaure, Benzol-1,3,5-tricarbonsaure (Trimesinsaure) oder einer Mischung beider Sauren sowie ihre Wasserabsorption (m) wurden untersucht. Es fand sich ein hoher m-Wert von 24,2 bei einem Wert von 0,1 des Verhaltnisses (2/3 Trimesinsaure)/Adipinsaure und eine Abnahme des m-Wertes mit wachsendem Verhaltnis trans-2,5-Dimethylpiperazin/Hexamethylendiamin.

Plasma immunoreactive insulin has been assayed in blood samples drawn simultaneously from portal and peripheral venous blood following an injection of insulin into the ligated intestine of rabbits. The portal venous blood flow has also been measured using a perivascular electromagnetic flow transducer to estimate the amount of insulin absorbed. Following an injection of insulin with a dose of 100 U/kg, portal vein insulin concentration increased to the peak of 330 μU/ml in the ligated jejunal loop experiments, and 1280 μU/ml in the ligated ileal loop experiments. Both in the jejunal and in the ileal loop experiments, the peak insulin concentration in the portal vein was twice that in the peripheral vein. A significant correlation between portal and peripheral vein insulin responses (as reflected by the area) was noted. By multiplying the differences in the two venous insulin concentrations by the portal venous blood flow, the peak absorption was observed at a rate of 7.0 mU/kg/min in the jejunum, and 21.2...

Cooling time, which has an immediate connection with root cracking in a high strength steel weld with its strength level of 60 kg/mm2 and below, from 800 to 300°C was measured for various welding conditions in the cases of welding with coated electrodes and submerged are welding, respectively. Experimental formulas for the estimation of the cooling time were obtained and these nomographs were shown.The main conclusions are summarized as follows:(1) Dimensions of heat flow in a weld were varied by any particular combination of welding condition, plate thickness and the shape of penetration.For the cooling process with two-or three-dimensional heat conduction in a weld, a relation between temperature T on a weld and cooling rate (dT/dS) as the temperature T is shown as follows :(dT/ds)T∞(T-T0)nwhere T0: initial temperature of platen: the exponent which is varied with dimensions of heat flow in a weldHence, the dimensions of heat flow was clearly shown as the gradient of a line in a logarithmic groph of (dT/dS) VS. (-T-T0).(2) In a finite plate, it was able to determine a minimum size of specimen, which is equivalent to an infinite plate for the given weld heat input, according to the temperature range of a weld thermal cycle to be considered. When they consider the cooling process to 500 and 300°C, the Value of T in the following formula should be chosen as, T*≤320 for 500°C and T*≤210 for. 300°C, respectively.Where T*=0.24ηJl/mc+T0(°C)η: thermal efficiency of arc, j: heat input (Joule/cm)l: bead length (cm), m: weight of plate (gr) andc: specific heat (Cal/gr.°C)(3) If thickness (t), initial temperature (T0) of plates and weld heat imput (J) are given in the case of single bead-welding, cooling time (s) from 800 to 300°C at manual arc welding and submerged arc welding can be estimated with the following experimental formula or nomographs by the present authors;S=K·Jn/(40-T0)2{1+2/πtan-1(t-t0/a)}

The intestinal absorption of insulin has been studied in a preparation of isolated rabbit intestine in which artificial plasma is circulated through normal vascular channels. After insulin in doses of 100, 200, and 440 U. was introduced into the intestinal lumen, its appearancein the venous effluent was measured immunologically during perfusion for two hours. Insulin gradually appeared in the venous effluent and reached a peak fifty to ninety minutes after the perfusion was started. The proportion of insulin absorbed was 6.2 to 9.2 per cent with a dose of 100 U., 5.9 to 15.6 per cent with 200 U., and 8.9 to 15.9 per cent with 440 U. The amount of insulin added significantly correlated with the total amount of insulin absorbed from the intestine. The biologic activity in the fraction absorbed was equivalent to that obtained immunologically. In the venous effluent, insulin component was also identified by the relative mobility similar to crystalline insulin on acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Although the intestinal absorption in this system does not duplicate physiologic absorption, these results indicate that a considerable portion of insulin can be absorbed from the intestine in a physiologically active form.

Pregnant and non-pregnant rats were given 10 ppm or 50 ppm cadmium for 41 weeks, and levels of calcium and phosphorus in bone and serum were examined.(1) The concentrations of serum calcium and phosphorus were not affected by cadmium intake in either the multipara or the nullipara group.(2) The concentration of femur calcium and phosphorus were not affected by cadmium intake in non-pregnant rats, but were decreased in pregnant rats.(3) The concentration of bone calcium in newborn rats of mothers fed 10 ppm or 50 ppm was normal, but the concentration of phosphorus was decreased, causing the calcium-phosporus ratio to rise.(4) The concentration of bone cadmium in the 50 ppm group was significantly higher than that in the control and 10 ppm group, with the concentration in multipara three times that in nullipara receiving 50 ppm.

Okada, A., Yamashita, T., Nagano, C., Ikeda, T., Yachi, A., and Shibata, S. (1971).Brit. J. industr. Med.,28, 353-357. Studies on the diagnosis and pathogenesis of Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin. Experiments were designed to investigate tests for the diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin between attacks and to investigate the pathogenesis, particularly with reference to factors in the patient. The fingertip blood flow was low not only in subjects with Raynaud's phenomenon (positive group) but also in other users of vibrating tools who did not have Raynaud's phenomenon (negative group). This criterion combined with urinary vanillyl mandelic acid and haptoglobin was examined by analysis of discriminant function. The probability of false discrimination was 3%. Histamine iontophoresis performed after noradrenalin iontophoresis with subsequent comparison of pulse wave amplitudes is useful for identification of the positive group. Haptoglobin was significantly increased and the subjects in whom IgM was increased formed a high proportion of the positive group.

Minami, M., Okada, A., Takizawa, A., and Kubota, J. (1972). Brit. J. industr. Med., 29, 321-327. Effect of ethylene glycol dinitrate on metabolism of catecholamines and on blood pressure reaction to re-exposure. Male Donryu rats were divided into two groups. One group was given 65 mg/kg per day of ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN) subcutaneously for five days and the other group received the same for 10 days. On the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth days after the last injection of EGDN catecholamines were estimated in the heart, brain, and adrenals and plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroids and haemoglobin were estimated in blood. Urine samples were collected for 24 hours every other day before, during, and after the period of EGDN injection. After five successive doses of EGDN the concentration of catecholamines in the organs increased and urinary catecholamine excretion was a little greater than from the controls. Reinjection of EGDN caused prolonged irreversible depression of the blood pressure. After 10 successive doses of EGDN the concentrations of catecholamines in the organs were normal, but noradrenaline excretion in the urine was increased for three days. Reinjection of EGDN on the first day caused prolonged depression of blood pressure, but by five days the response had returned to the more transient depression observed in the controls. The probability of coronary spasm is considered to be greater in the condition found after five than in that after 10 successive injections because more noradrenaline was available in the cardiac muscle as well as adrenaline in the adrenals. After 10 successive injections the increased noradrenaline concentration in the urine reflected the raised noradrenaline level in the blood which could alleviate the depressant action of EGDN reinjection. The clinical significance of these findings is discussed.

Relationship among vibration, noise and hearing loss in human beings was investigated.Significant hearing loss as an auditory temporary threshold shift was not observed in cases exposed to the vibration of acceleration 100cm/sec2 and frequency either 2c/s, 5c/s or 10c/s. On the contrary, in those exposed to that of 500cm/sec2 and 5c/s which is regarded as the resonance frequency of human body, statistically significant (5%) hearing loss was observed at 4kc. Heavier hearing loss was noticed at 4kc and 1kc in cases exposed to that of 500cm/sec2 and 5c/s with a steady noise (all pass 101dB) than in those exposed to the noise only. It is, therefore, apparent that noise induced hearing loss may be aggravated by vibration. As the vibration induced hearing loss was noticed at 1kc, the authors newly indicated that proper hearing protection at 1kc would be also quite necessary in works with both noise and vibration.

A new copolyamide was prepared by condensation polymerization of hexamethylene diammonium adipate and piperazine terephthalate. The polymer can be melt extruded by Koka Flow Tester. Hot-dry drawn fiber was of promising properties for practical use, and showed improved moisture regain and heat resistance over66 Nylon.

New types of N-substituted polyureas and N-substituted polysemicarbazides were prepared from the reaction of 1,6-bis-[α(or β)-N-substituted hydrazino]hexane or 4,4′-bis-[β-N-substituted hydrazino]diphenyl methane with diisocyanate. These hydrazine derivatives were derived from dihydrazine with diphenyl carbonate or phenyl benzoate. Successful results were obtained in solution polymerization. The polymers are soluble in N,N-dimethyl formamide, m-cresol, and hexamethyl phosphoramide, and show relatively high polymer melting temperature. The reactivity of the carbophenoxy group in the polymer side chain was also examined.

Experimental studies were made, with the following results on the discrimination capacity of vibration frequencies in the case of vibration of the whole body. 1) The frequency difference △f (c.p.s.) the discriminated in the case of increasing was found to be smaller in the range of frequencies from 1 to 6 cycles per second and persisted down to the range from 0.79 to 0.05 c.p.s., △f of 10 cycles per second showed a sudden change of increase 10c.p.s, its value were from 1.82 to 2.80c.p.s. 2) In the case of decreasing frequencies, △f of the amount from 1 to 6 cycle per second was found to be smaller as well as the case of increasing frequencies. Above 10c.p.s., △f were from 1.17 to 2.61c.p.s.. 3) △f in the case of increasing frequencies was found to be greater than in that of decreasing. 4) △f/f at 1c.p.s. was found to be the maximum and the higher the frequency of vibration, the less △f/f. But, △f/f in the case of 10c.p.s. was larger than in the case of frequencies from 5 to 30c.p.s.. 5) In spite of the differnce of geometric components as well as of the amplitude, △f/f remained constant.

Conditions for polymerization-condensation and the method of reaction ofcopolymerized polyamide having a pyridine ring in the main chain have beeninvestigated. Properties of polymerized products by use of an excess or deficient of amine against the ester were first investigated and it was found that asuperior product was obtained by selecting a strictly equimolar ratio or closeto it. It was also confirmed that n-butanol can be used as a solvent but 66-Nylon salt was unsuitable as a copolymerization-condensation raw material. Acomparatively large amount of a monomer was reacted in a small spinning potand it was found that using of a peculiar method of adding water as alreadyreported in the first of this series gave a high molecular polymerized fiberfree from coloration. Using of viscosity stabilizer ameliorated vigorous foamingduring the heating in vacuo but it also effected to prevent the reaction offorming of high molecular weight, therefore, its excessive use should be avoided. A suitable amount of methanol as a solvent and the amount of water to beadded were determined. The yield of polymer was increased somewhat byfeeding a slightly larger amount of prepolymer in the reaction vessel of thesame capacity. Since the fiber having a mechanical strength 5-6g/d andelongation 20-30% can easily be made experimetally, the superiority of thiscopolymerized polyamide fiber is much anticipated.

The conductance of pyridinium benzoate has been measured in various solvents such as nitrobenzene, benzonitrile, o-dichlorobenzene, monochlorobenzene, and toluene, and its dissociation constant, K, was determined, using the Kraus and Bray's equation with the Λ0 value estimated from Walden and Ulich's rule and Stokes's law. The logarithm of K was found to be linear with the reciprocal of the dielectric constant, ε, or with the Kirkwood–Laidler–Eyring function, (ε − 1)/(2ε + 1). Kinetic studies for pyridine-catalyzed reaction between phenyl glycidyl ether and benzoic acid were also made in these solvents. Both the free ions and ion-pairs including the molecular addition complex participate in the reaction. The apparent rate constants, k″, of the reaction were shown to be linear with 1(K/c)1/2, c being the concentration of pyridinium benzoate. The intercepts of such lines give the rate constant for formation of ion-pairs, ki and the slopes yield the rate constant for formation of free ion, kf. The free ion rate constant increases fairly rapidly as the dielectric constant decreases, while the ion-pair reaction constant drifts downward comparatively slowly. A plot of the logarithm of kf or kf(K/c)1/2 against 1/ε or (ε − 1)/(2ε + 1) is found to be linear, but the plots of log ki against the same function are curved. The tangent of the curve is steeper for polar solvents than for non-polar solvents. The results have been compared with those predicted from classical dielectric theory.

A prepolymer of polyamide was synthesized from condensation and copolymerization of three components composed of dimethyl isociuchomeronate, dimethyl adepate, and hexamethylenediamine in the presence of alcohol or without solvent. The results of estimation of its molecular weight by freezing point depression method and by estimation of terminal group indicated to be 400-1400 and it was found to be a compound of two to several molecules of diamine and diester. The prepolymer prepared by condensation copolymerization in solvent had higher molecular weight with relatively constant molar ratio. Further condensation copolymerization by fusion method was studied by estimating the viscosity of fused mass and it was found that the reaction was completed in 2.5-4 hours when the prepolymer prepared by solvent method was used and it showed no change in viscosity, while that prepared by using no solvent showed no end point of reaction and unusual increase in viscosity.

1) Of new cyanine dyes 112 kinds were tested for metachromatic staining and the 16 dyes showed metachromatic reaction on histological sections and also proved so in itro.2) NK 77 and NK 193 are useful dyes for metachromatic staining on tissue sections.3) The metachromatic phenomenon of the dye solution and metachromatic staining on the tissue sections are compared and the differences between them are discussed.

House vibration is one of the public problems in Japan. An interview survey with 186 persons disclosed that the main source of house vibration was traffic vehicles such as trucks. Actual measurement of house vibration revealed that vertical vibrational intensity with the houses was below 35 cm/second 2 in acceleration and ranged 4–30 cps in frequency. Relationship between the vibrational intensity and its perception by inhabitants was explored and the upper limit of 95% confidence interval of “not perceptible” response was 2.48 cm/second 2 in acceleration and 0.2 mm/second in velocity. Finally, a criterion for threshold limits of vibrational nuisance was proposed by three types of habitation.

Using an everted sac technique, the intestinal absorption of insulin in the rabbit has been investigated.Insulin was shown to cross the intestinal wall, as demonstrated by the immunoreactive insulin inside the sacs (serosal fluid). The rate of insulin transference for a period of one hr was small, corresponding to approximately 0.1% of the insulin added to the mucosal fluid. This rate was not inhibited by the addition of 2, 4-dinitrophenol.The small transference rate would indicate that the submucosal and muscular tissues of the intestinal wall, in the absence of vascular perfusion, present a barrier to the movement of large molecular weight substances.

The main interest in the vibration study is concentrated upon the definition of the allowable limit for worker's health supervision. This study deals with the relation between vibration sensitivity and velocity, acceleration and jerk, and also with a scale of sensitivity of vibration. This will contribute to clarify the allowable limit. Although the relations between vibration sensitivity and velocity, acceleration and jerk are related closely in a specified frequency range, there is lack of uniformity in the results obtained by different researchers in this problem. For the advancement of the study, it is desirable to set up an international unit for the estimation of the intensity or magnitude of vibration. To develop and utilize more widely the unit "trem" is promising also for the synthetic estimation of vibtation and noise in the future study. It is also desired to prepare a vibration meter which corresponds to human sensitivity for vibration. Many studies on the allowable limit for the whole body's vibration have been reported, but their values are remarkably different by the reasons of the different experimental conditions or different subjects to be applied. In the present study the allowable limit of vibration is presented with mean and standard deviation accrding to the date of Janeway, Goldman, Helberg, WADC, RAF, VDI and Volkov (U.S.S.R.). (The date also includes the results of Reiher, Meister, Jacklin and Liddell.) The limit curve is 0.060±0.030 G under the condition of 6 c/s as shouwn in Fig.7. Accoding to respective cases, man can abopt the upper or limit of this curve. In addition, the data of Ziegenruecker, Magid, Coermann, Mandel, and Lowry have been examined and represented with mean and standard deviation as the hazardous limit.

7 audiometrically normal, male students were exposed to a steady state noise S of 98 dBA and 2 steady state-impulse combined noises A and B (steady state component of 97 dBA, hammer noise 102 dBA and air exhaustion noise of 118 or 110 dBA) for 40–60 min. The regression line of temporary threshold shift (TTS) growth due to noise A on exposure duration was significantly steeper than that due to noise B. Both the lines were steeper than that due to noise S. The reason of the relatively larger effects of the noises A and B as compared with noise S could be explained by the fact that the noise S did not contain impulse components, because the octave band level at center frequency of 3 kHz of the noise S was roughly equal to that of the steady state noise component of noise A or B. The relatively larger effect of the noise A than B might be attributed mainly to the air exhaustion noise. It was suggested that the effect of a steady state noise on hearing might be additive to that of an impulse noise. The trend relationship between TTS during recovery and recovery time was nearly the same with the 3 noises.

ヘキサメチレンーイソシンコメロナミド, -アジパミド共重合物についてその比容温度曲線を0℃付近から融点を越える温度付近まで求めた。融点一共重合組成関係はアイソモルヒズムが考えられるにもかかわらず, イソシンコメ獄ナミド30モル%に極小を示す。またこの融点一組成関係からFloryの式を用いてポリヘキサメチレンアジパミドの融解熱として10600cal/molを得た。この値を比熱法で求められている融解熱と比較すると一致する。しかし, 融点一共重合組成からFloryの式を用いての融解熱は比熱法によるよりも低い値を示すと考えられるので, この一致はむしろピリジン核のNの位置による異性化によって弱められてはいるが, なおアイソモルヒズムの存在することを思わせる。融解範囲は比熱法によるものと同程度の大きさで, イソシンコメロナミド50モル%付近で最大となる。同範囲内での比容変化は同じ30-50モル%で極小を示す。

The author found some new excellent cyanine dyes to demonstrate the metachromatic property of tissue elements. With these dyes, distribution of metachromatic elements in rat tissue was traced. The staining pattern of tissue elements with cyanine dyes after sulphation technique was observed. The results were compared with PAS staining reactions.This new histochemical method for metachromatic staining will be useful for study of substances that can be sulphated in tissue sections.

Experimental studies were made on the curve of equal sensitivity of the human ear for vibration. In cases of vertical vibration obvious difference was observed as regards points representing equal sensitivity at low frequencies and at high frequencies. The curves were similar in cases of longitudinal vibration and of transversal vibration.