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In a study undertaken to identify and classify some of the pressing problems in occupational education, a total of 1,007 occupational educators in the United States and territories were contacted for comments in spring and summer 1971. Based on a modified content analysis of 200 responses the major problem areas were identified, including: (1) creating and maintaining a favorable climate for occupational education, (2) developing planning and management systems and obtaining and allocating resources, (3) assessing the process and product of occupational education, (4) improving curriculum and instructional systems, (5) providing adequate professional development for occupational education, (6) providing assistance in career planning, and (7) translating manpower demands and individual needs into occupational education programs. The study report contains a description of the problem areas and their major components, and includes selected quotes from individual respondents. (JS/Author)

Materials described in this bibliography were selected from those acquired as the result of a national search for career education instructional materials. They include curriculum units, teacher guides, handbooks, and career related instructional materials. The resumes are arranged in accession number order and include the following information: (1) author(s), (2) title, (3) institutional source, (4) sponsoring agency, (5) source of availability, (6) descriptors and identifiers which characterize the content of the document, and (7) an abstract of the document. A grade level index is provided to help identify documents for specific grades. These documents also have been announced in "Abstracts of Instructional Materials in Vocational and Technical Education", a publication of The Center for Vocational and Technical Education, and most of them are available in the microfiche sets which support that publication. (JS)

As a supplement to a bibliography of career education instructional materials (available as ED 068 627), this publication includes abstracts and indexes of additional instructional materials for career education that were acquired by Palo Alto Educational Systems in a national search under a subcontract with The Center for Vocational and Technical Education. The search was for materials that might be used in the school-based Comprehensive Career Education Model under development by The Center. These materials, also available to the profession, have been included in earlier editions of Abstracts of Instructional Materials in Vocational and Technical Education (AIM), Abstracts of Research Materials in Vocational and Technical Education (ARM), and Research in Education (RIE). Curriculum units, teacher guides, handbooks, and other career-related instructional materials are included. A grade level index is included for easy access to the abstracts, the instructions for ordering the materials are provided. (DE/AG)

This compilation of ERIC abstracts dealing with product services is the 12th in a series that identifies research and instructional materials in selected occupational clusters. Approximately 190 documents were identified by means of computer searches of "Research in Education" from 1967 to December 1972. Instructions on how to use ERIC reference products are included. Intended for use in career education curriculum development, these abstracts include lists of descriptors, identifiers, and other pertinent information about documents in the occupational cluster dealing with product services. This document is related to 14 other cluster groupings, available as VT 018 790-VT 018 793, VT 018 897-VT 018 903, VT 018 906, and VT 018 907 in this issue. (AG)

This compilation of ERIC abstracts dealing with the construction process is the third in a series that identifies research and instructional materials in selected occupational clusters. Approximately 130 documents were identified by means of computer searches of "Research in Education" from 1967 through December 1972. Instructions on how to use ERIC reference products are included. Intended for use in career education curriculum development, these abstracts include lists of descriptors, identifiers, and other pertinent information about documents in the occupational cluster of construction. This document is related to 14 other cluster groupings, available as VT 018 790, VT 018 791, VT 018 793, and VT 018 897-VT 018 907. (AG)

This compilation of ERIC abstracts dealing with communication is the fifth in a series that identifies research and instructional materials in selected occupational clusters. Sixty-nine documents were identified by means of computer searches of "Research in Education" from 1967 to December 1972. Instructions on how to use ERIC reference products are included. Intended for use in career education curriculum development, these abstracts include lists of descriptors, identifiers, and other pertinent information about documents in the occupational cluster dealing with communication. This document is related to 14 other cluster groupings, available as VT 018 790-VT 018 793, and VT 018 898-VT 018 907 in this issue. (AG)

This compilation of ERIC abstracts dealing with transportation is the 15th in a series that identifies research and instructional materials in selected occupational clusters. Fifty-seven documents were identified by means of computer searches of "Research in Education" from 1967 to December 1972. Instructions on how to use ERIC reference products are included. Intended for use in career education curriculum development, these abstracts include lists of descriptors, identifiers, and other pertinent information about documents in the occupational cluster dealing with transportation. This document is related to 14 other cluster groupings, available as VT 018 790-VT 018 793 and VT 018 897-VT 018 906 in this issue. (AG)

This compilation of ERIC abstracts dealing with manufacturing is the 14th in a series that identifies research and instructional materials in selected occupational clusters. Ninety-four documents were identified by means of computer searches of "Research in Education" from 1967 to December 1972. Instructions on how to use ERIC reference products are included. Intended for use in career education curriculum development, these abstracts include lists of descriptors, identifiers, and other pertinent information about documents in the occupational cluster dealing with manufacturing. This document is related to 14 other cluster groupings, available as VT 018 790-VT 018 793, VT 018 897-VT 018 905, and VT 018 907 in this issue. (AG)

This compilation of ERIC abstracts dealing with recreation and entertainment is the 13th in a series that identifies research and instructional materials in selected occupational clusters. Approximately 125 documents were identified by means of computer searches of "Research in Education" from 1967 to December 1972. Instructions on how to use ERIC reference products are included. Intended for use in career education curriculum development, these abstracts include lists of descriptors, identifiers, and other pertinent information about documents in the occupational cluster dealing with recreation and entertainment. This document is related to 14 other cluster groupings, available as VT 018 790-VT 018 793, VT 018 897-VT 018 904, VT 018 906, and VT 018 907 in this issue. (AG)

This compilation of ERIC abstracts dealing with banking is the seventh in a series that identifies research and instructional materials in selected occupational clusters. Ninety-three documents were identified by means of computer searches of "Research in Education" from 1967 to December 1972. Instructions on how to use ERIC reference products are included. Intended for use in career education curriculum development, these abstracts include lists of descriptors, identifiers, and other pertinent information about documents in the occupational cluster dealing with banking. This document is related to 14 other cluster groupings, available as VT 018 790-VT 018 793, VT 018 897, VT 018 898, and VT 018 900-VT 018 907 in this issue. (AG)

This compilation of ERIC abstracts dealing with human services is the 11th in a series that identifies research and instructional materials in selected occupational clusters. Forty-four documents were identified by means of computer searches of "Research in Education" from 1967 to December 1972. Instructions on how to use ERIC reference products are included. Intended for use in career education curriculum development, these abstracts include lists of descriptors, identifiers, and other pertinent information about documents in the occupational cluster dealing with human services. This document is related to 14 other cluster groupings, available as VT 018 790-VT 018 793, VT 018 897-VT 018 902, and VT 018 904-VT 018 907 in this issue. (AG)

This compilation of ERIC abstracts dealing with welfare is the 10th in a series that identifies research and instructional materials in selected occupational clusters. Sixty-three documents were identified by means of computer searches of "Research in Education" from 1967 to December 1972. Instructions on how to use ERIC reference products are included. Intended for use in career education curriculum development, these abstracts include lists of descriptors, identifiers, and other pertinent information about documents in the occupational cluster dealing with welfare. This document is related to 14 other cluster groupings, available as VT 018 790-VT 793, VT 018 897-VT 018 901, and VT 018 903-VT 018 907 in this issue. (AG)

This compilation of ERIC Abstracts dealing with health is the ninth in a series that identifies research and instructional materials in selected occupational clusters. Seventy-nine documents were identified by means of a computer searches of "Research in Education" from 1967 to December 1972. Instructions on how to use ERIC reference products are included. Intended for use in career education curriculum development, these abstracts include lists of descriptors, identifiers, and other pertinent information about documents in the occupational cluster dealing with health. This document is related to 14 other cluster groupings, available as VT 018 790-VT 018 793, VT 018 897-VT 018 900, VT 018 902-VT 018 907 in this issue. (AG)

This compilation of ERIC abstracts dealing with trade is the sixth in a series that identifies research and instructional materials in selected occupational clusters. Fifty-seven documents were identified by means of computer searches of "Research in Education" from 1967 to December 1972. Instructions on how to use ERIC reference products are included. Intended for use in career education curriculum development, these abstracts include lists of descriptors, identifiers, and other pertinent information about documents in the occupational cluster dealing with trade. This document is related to 14 other cluster groupings, available as VT 018 790-VT 018 793, VT 018 897, and VT 018 899-VT 018 907 in this issue. (AG)

This compilation of ERIC abstracts dealing with education is the eighth in a series that identifies research and instructional materials in selected occupational clusters. Fourteen documents were identified by means of computer searches of "Research in Education" from 1967 to December 1972. Instructions on how to use ERIC reference products are included. Intended for use in career education curriculum development, these abstracts include lists of descriptors, identifiers, and other pertinent information about documents in the occupational cluster dealing with education. This document is related to 14 other cluster groupings, available as VT 018 790-VT 018 793, VT 018 897-VT 018 899, and VT 018 901-VT 018 907 in this issue. (AG)

This compilation of ERIC abstracts dealing with natural resources is the second in a series that identifies research and instructional materials in selected occupational clusters. Approximately 340 documents were identified by means of computer searches of "Research in Education" from 1967 to December 1972. Instructions on how to use ERIC reference products are included. Intended for use in career education curriculum development, these abstracts include lists of descriptors, identifiers, and other pertinent information about documents in the occupational cluster dealing with natural resources. This document is related to 14 other cluster groupings, available as VT 018 790, VT 018 792, VT 018 793, and VT 018 897-VT 018 907 in this issue. (AG)

This compilation of ERIC abstracts dealing with the arts and the humanities is the first in a series that identifies research and instructional materials in selected occupational clusters. Approximately 240 documents were identified by means of computer searches of "Research in Education" from 1967 to December 1972. Instructions on how to use ERIC reference products are included. Intended for use in career education curriculum development, these abstracts include lists of descriptors, identifiers, and other pertinent information about documents in the occupational cluster dealing with the arts and the humanities. This document is related to 14 other cluster groupings, available as VT 018 791-VT 018 793 and VT 018 899-VT 018 907. (AG)

This compilation of ERIC abstracts dealing with the government as an administrative body is the fourth in a series that identifies research and instructional materials in selected occupational clusters. Seventy-four documents were identified by means of computer searches of "Research in Education" from 1967 to December 1972. Instructions on how to use ERIC reference products are included. Intended for use in career education curriculum development, these abstracts include lists of descriptors, identifiers, and other pertinent information about documents in the occupational cluster dealing with government work. This document is related to 14 other cluster groupings, available as VT 018 790-VT 018 792 and VT 018 897-VT 018 907 in this issue. (AG)

A pilot study was conducted to examine selected noncognitive attributes to determine (1) if there were significant differences between norm groups for the attribute measures and the sample population, (2) if there were changes in these attributes as a result of participation in basic education instruction, (3) the association between the noncognitive attributes and independent variables, and (4) whether pretest and posttest scores on the noncognitive attribute measures could classify subjects as being participants and nonparticipants in the selected adult basic education programs. In 10 selected communities in North Carolina, a total of 486 disadvantaged adults were pretested and 381 were posttested. The data from 343 (279 participants and 64 nonparticipants) were used in this study. The test battery consisted of Rotter's I-E Scale, Haller's Work Beliefs Checklist, Rundquist and Sletto Minnesota Survey of Opinions (three scales), Moon and McCann's Scale and McClosky and Schaar's Scale, and Fitts' Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. The data were treated by one-way analysis of variance, least squares regression technique, and multivariate discriminate analysis. Results show: (1) no significant differences were detected between participants and nonparticipants in adult basic education; (2) independent variables associated with dependent variables were participation, sex, reported monthly income, and social participation scores; (3) the noncognitive measures were not effective in distinguishing participants. (Author/DB)

Predicated on the belief that there exist no vast distinctions between career education and adult education as programs which have as their objective, helping to make youth and adults more objective decision makers and personally self-fulfilling, productive individuals, this paper is intended for local directors of adult and career education activities. Differing mainly in regard to time-frame and comprehensiveness of scope, career education and adult education hinge heavily upon each other for their ultimate success. Career education considers the total economic progress and decision-making processes of the individual, while adult education concerns itself with the individual's access to, entry into, exit from, and reentry into educational experiences that will facilitate any identified need of the individual. Adult education coordinators can do much to strengthen the existing bond between the two programs. Some of the things which can be done are: (1) Provide programs to fit the students rather than admit only those who meet prerequisites of the particular programs, (2) Plan more extensively and cooperatively with administrators, teachers, and students for postsecondary programs or "next step" level educational needs, and (3) Give more emphasis to data collection, goal clarification, and evaluation activities. (Author/SN)

This research was conducted to determine whether 6 weeks devoted to the study of communism would develop greater commitments to democratic values among secondary school students. Also studied were the effects of teacher background, fathers' education levels, students' political preferences, and the time, extent and pattern of instruction on the change in students' attitudes toward democratic values. To measure any change in thought, the Allen Scale of Beliefs was administered before and after the instruction period to 1612 students from four Florida counties. Findings revealed that gains in positive attitudes toward democracy (1) were generally offset for most students by the negative effects produced, (2) were higher for students whose fathers were college educated than for students whose fathers had less education, (3) were negative for students expressing an "other" political preference, (4) were higher among students receiving instruction from teachers with average backgrounds than from those with above average or superior backgrounds, and (5) were little affected by class size or organization. (The Allen Scale of Beliefs and statistical results are appended.) (Author/JM)

The conference was convened (1) to disseminate information on the development of Stanford's library automation project, and (2) to disseminate information on the several and joint library automation activities of Chicago, Columbia, and Stanford, and (3) to promote heated discussion and active exchange of ideas and problems between librarians, university administrators, computer center managers, systems analysts, computer scientists, and information scientists. These conference papers present information on library automation projects at various universities and specialized information about institutions involved in bibliographic data processing activities. Topics specifically include: the Collaborative Library Systems Development (CLSD), the National Libraries Automation Task Force, the Biomedical Communications Network at the National Library of Medicine, the Book Processing System at the University of Chicago, the application of hardware and software in libraries, data link network and display terminals at Stanford, and other automation projects at Chicago, Columbia, and Stanford. (Author/RM)

Project BALLOTS is a large-scale library automation development project of the Stanford University Libraries which has demonstrated the feasibility of conducting on-line interactive searches of complex bibliographic files, with a large number of users working simultaneously in the same or different files. This report documents the continuing progress of the project in substantial technical detail, reflecting both accomplishments and problems. An initial objective of BALLOTS was to create an operational acquisition system compatible with Library of Congress Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) records. Specifications are included in the report for converting MARC records into a special input format for BALLOTS and for the creation of a local on-line MARC file. Other activities are in process for the utilization of MARC. Supportive functions of the prototype acquisition system are searching, ordering, receiving, and accounting, and, for the most part, access to its files are with on-line terminals. Limited on-line search service is currently available at Stanford. (Successful remote on-line demonstrations have been conducted at several institutions.) A reference manual for communicating with the Stanford retrieval system is included in the report. Access is provided through the Stanford Terminal Processor (MILTEN) using an IBM 2741 Terminal (other terminals to be considered later) to communicate with an IBM 360/67 Computer located in the Stanford Computation Center. This facility plans to obtain 500,000 bytes of additional high speed (750 nano-second) core to support full-scale system functioning during all hours of normal computer center operation. Many more specific project developments are documented in the report. (JH)

BALLOTS (Bibliographic Automation of Large Library Operations using a Time-sharing System) is an on-line interactive library automation system that supports the acquisition and cataloging functions of the Stanford University Libraries' technical processing operations. The BALLOTS system is being implemented in a series of 11 modules. This paper describes the first module, BALLOTS-MARC, or simply the MARC module, and various aspects of system hardware and software as they pertain to this module. The MARC module supports the production of purchase orders, catalog card sets, spine labels, and several types of file slips and management reports. An on-line MARC file stored on disk is updated from the weekly Library of Congress MARC tapes. Several indexes are maintained in the file in order to support extensive on-line interactive file searching. One way of describing BALLOTS is to explain how the system looks to the user and how it is used in normal day-to-day library operations. A typical book cycle will be traced in the examples that follow. (Other documents on BALLOTS are available as ED 038 153, 044 049, 049 786, and 060 883.) (Author)