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The analysis and design of the instrumentation required to provide spatial and energy information from a high purity germanium, one-dimensional position sensing gamma ray detector is presented. The results of this study demonstrate that the optimum instrumentation system utilizes Gaussian shaping for the energy channel and Gaussian trapezoidal pulse shaping after antisymmetric summation in the spatial channel.

The history of the American Academy of Pediatrics is a chronicle of practical idealism. I will not attempt to recount recent and past achievements of our society, for most have been well documented. It is beyond my capacity to identify the changes in Academy role and structure which may occur in our rapidly changing and complex social and medical environment. However, I do wish to reflect briefly on certain recent programs and actions which point up the expanding role and broader scope of interests of the Academy. These actions and interests, hallmarks of maturity and enhanced concepts of responsibility and accountability, are significant of our times. Wisdom has been gained as we have stood upon the shoulders of our predecessors. Today's Academy cannot be separated from the past. We are deeply indebted to the perceptive, astute leadership of other days and to a dedicated membership which, for 44 years, has closely adhered to our stated goals. We continue to value their counsel. The contributions of those who preceded us are the principal reason why we are where we are today. There is justifiable optimism for the assumption that the Academy will continue its leadership role as the major advocate for improved child health in the Americas. I sincerely believe that success will come to a society whose principal objective is placing concern for others higher on the scale of values of more and more people. We are reassured by a membership and leadership dedicated to service above self. In the words of Robert Frost: "There cannot be much to fear in a country where so many right faces are going by.

T HE government and peoples of the United States have frequently demonstrated congern for underprivileged peoples by their efforts to improve the situations of such groups. Whether the misfortunes of these groups have resulted from flood, earthquake, famine, or war the agencies, personnel, and supplies for relief have often been provided by this country. World War II, affecting people of all races in scattered countries, has created perhaps the greatest problem of relief and rehabilitation in history. In this conflict governments of ~he United States and other United Nations have had a special interest in the health and welfare of civil populations. This interest is not prompted merely by humanitarian instincts, but also by the fact that conditions of poor sanitation and high disease incidence among civilians are detrimental to the health of Allied troops stationed in the areas and, consequently, prejudicial to the war effort. Prolonged dietary restriction, destruction of homes and sanitary facilities, lack of adequate medical care, and the psychological trauma of modern warfare have made definite and often permanent imprint upon the health of individuals in civil populations. I t is unlikely ttiat any age groups have been more adversely affected than infants, children, and adolescents. To anticipate the nature and probable extent of problems of health trod welfare of the children in various countries, a kno~vledge of composition of populations as to age groups, birth and infant mortality rates, and adequacy and standards of prewar medical care is helpful. Such data, though modified by several years of war, provide an index to the type and extent of problems which may be anticipated. Moreover, knowledge of this type facilitates proper plans for relief and rehabititat;~on of these unfortunate younger groups.

Summary One hundred strains of aerobic and facultative bacteria were isolated from fecal specimens from one healthy human being (HBI); 99 similar strains were isolated from a second healthy human being (HBII). Eighty-six of the 100 strains from HBI and all of the strains from HBII belonged in the coliform group. Of the 86 coliform strains isolated from HBI, 61 typical Escherichia strains and 1 strain that resembled Bacterium coli-mutabile were agglutinated when combined with HBI serum in dilutions ranging from 1:640 to 1:1,280, and 10 strains (3 typical Escherichia cultures and 7 slow-lactose-fermenters) were agglutinated to titres of 1:160 or 1:320. Fourteen of the coliform organisms (1 typical Escherichia and 13 Escherichia-like forms that produced orange-brown pigment) and 11 of the non-coliform types failed to react with serum dilutions higher than 1:40. Three gram-negative, non-lactose-fermenting rods were agglutinated to a titre of 1:80. Positive precipitin tests were obtained with HBI serum and a coliform strain that was agglutinated by HBI serum diluted 1:1,280. Ninety-two of the 99 coliform strains from HBII were agglutinated when combined with HBII serum in dilutions ranging from 1:80 to 1:160; 2 strains were agglutinated by serum dilutions of 1:320; 5 failed to be agglutinated by serum dilutions higher than 1:40. At the beginning of this investigation the agglutinin concentrations in serum from HBI, HBII, and HBIV for Salmonella typhosa H and O, S. paratyphi, and S. schottmülleri antigens were, in general, too low to be considered significant. Following the ingestion of typhoid-paratyphoid vaccine, the agglutinin titres for certain typhoid-paratyphoid antigens increased slightly in the serum of each of the 3 human beings. HBI, whose serum contained unusually high anticoliform antibody concentrations, did not respond to ingested typhoid-paratyphoid antigens as actively as did HBII and HBIV. The ingestion of killed suspensions of 2 native coliform strains for which HBI had not naturally produced high concentrations of antibodies failed to elicit a demonstrable antibody response in HBI. Although living Lactobacillus acidophilus cells were maintained in large numbers in the intestinal tract of HBI for a period of 14 months by feeding acidophilus milk, no antibodies for them could be demonstrated in serum from their host. The high antibody concentrations for particular coliform strains in serum from HBI remained practically constant over a period of 4 years.

Seventeen of 27 structurally related compounds which could act as purine or pyrimidine antagonists inhibited embryonic development to different degrees. Several benzotriazoles were found to exert similar effects on embryos, the intensity varying with substituents. Older, more differentiated, stages are more susceptible to the benzotriazoles than are early cleavage stages. Exposure to the benzotriazoles at the blastula stage results in hypomorphic cyclopian development without necrosis. There is always a marked delay in the rate of development. Swelling and loss of cells is found, particularly in neurula and tail-bud stages, and usually is followed by death. These findings suggest that the surface coat is interfered with. All active benzothiadiazoles, benzimidazoles, and quinoxalines have the same effect on the embryo; the intensity of the response varying with substitution. Younger, and particularly cleavage, stages are more susceptible, and resistance increases with age of embryo. Exposed blastula stages are frequently arrested as dwarfed tail-buds showing extensive necrosis, particularly of the nervous system. Rarely is there arrest in neurula stages, or if it occurs, these are abortive neurula-exogastrulae with large yolk-plug, no swelling, and larger-sized cells than is normal for this stage. There is always a selective cellular response: early differentiating and very rapidly dividing cells are most sensitive and become necrotic first, while other cells are enlarged and remain arrested. The type of response is determined by the compound, the degree or intensity of response by the substituted groups. It is greatest if only a single nitro group is substituted in the benzothiadiazoles, benzimidazoles, and benzotriazoles, but not in the quinoxalines in which other substitutions seem to have the same degree of effectiveness. On the other hand, some substituents, amino or diphenyl groups for example, decrease the effectiveness of the quinoxalines and benzimidazoles. No direct correspondence between structure and biological function has been discerned.

Six cases of duodenitis in childhood are reported and the literature is briefly reviewed. Recovery was prompt and uneventful in all but one patient in this group. In the single instance chronic duodenitis existed for a period of four years despite a medical regime considered adequate. The possible presence of an inflammatory lesion of the duodenum should be considered in any child with vague or ulcer-like abdominal complaints. A clinical diagnosis can only be suspected and roentgen studies of the stomach and duodenum are indicated in cases of obscure gastric discomfort.

The paper describes electronic instruments and techniques which have been developed and used in support of the U.K. plasma physics research programme. These generally fall under the headings of machine design, machine control and instrumentation, and plasma diognostics. To date, most work has been in the latter category which involves a wide variety of measurements ranging from the low frequency end of the spectrum to high energy nuclear radiations. Many of the diognostic instruments described have been developed for use with ZETA, the large toroidal discharge experiment at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell.

In recent years voluminous literature has appeared in medical publications on osteochondritis of various epiphyses in the body. With careful search a report of abnormal development in almost every epiphysis will be found recorded. From time to time lesions in heretofore rarely recognized locations are described and among these is osteochondrosis deformans tibire, or tibia vara, as suggested by Blount (1). Blount, in January, 1937, presented an excellent review of the previously described cases of tibia vara and added 13 new ones, making a total of 28 reported cases of this condition. It is not the purpose of this paper to reiterate the excellent description or discussion of Blount but, rather, to add one more case of the so-called adolescent type of tibia vara to the medical literature. Case Report.—M. K., white, female, aged 10 years, was brought to the clinic on Jan. 20, 1939, because of bowing of the left leg and pain in the left knee. The father and mother were alive and well, as were two brothers and...

Insensitivity to pain is a rare anomaly. It is congenital, probably recessively inherited and affects the skin and mucous membranes, skeleton, and protopathic sensibility. Infants with this disorder often bite their tongues, fingers, and lips, and the wounds heal slowly. Usually parents note at about the third year the child does not cry when injured and seems indifferent to blows or falls. Injuries and burns are frequent, as are secondary infections. Usually these children do not complain of the injury and will continue happy and active. We are reporting a child in whom insensitivity to painful stimuli was first noted in the early weeks of life. By 17 months of age the clinical picture was quite definitely that of congenital analgia. Report of Case A girl was born in Carle Memorial Hospital on May 20, 1957. The family history was normal, and two older siblings were well. The parents were

This qualification test report covers the testing performed to qualify six types of Deflectors, Rocket Motor Exhaust, as required by Section 3, of Supplement I (D2-12295-2) to model specification S-133-1000-1-6. Certification of full compliance with the qualification requirements is included.