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Using non-empirical calculations the changes in the three diatomic systems BF, CO and N2 on protonation have been studied. Protonation energies and changes in interatomic distances and stretching force constants of the systems have been interpreted in terms of differences in electronic structure of the diatomic molecules, using a description with localized orbitals.

Takechi Zuizan was born in 1829, the eldest son of a gōshi in Nagaoka A district in Tosa. By 1856, when he was 27, he had become known as a leading master of fencing (kenjutsu) in Tosa. He then travelled to Edo, where he met and cooperated with fellow spirits from Mito, Chōshū, and Satsuma. H e returned home the undisputed leader of Tosa loyalists. For a brief period in 1862 and 1863 he controlled, as much as any one controlled, the turbulent extremists in Kyoto and Edo. But at the point of his greatest success he overplayed his hand. His lord, Yamauchi Yōdō, proved to be unsympathetic to Takechi’s goals, and on the national scene the excesses of the Chōshū loyalists swung the balance temporarily in the direction of moderation. Takechi was restricted in his movements, imprisoned for his complicity in political assassination and his clear guilt in a presumptuous forgery, and he was finally ordered to commit hara-kiri in the summer of 1865. His career provides a useful close-up for the study of the loyalist movement in Tosa.

Surface-layer thicknesses can be measured very practically by making use of the brittleness of silicon and germanium, thus eliminating cumbersome, precise grinding and polishing procedures. The germanium or silicon slice is broken in a special manner producing a rather flat cleavage surface, in which any disturbing fracture line is more or less perpendicular to the very sharp, long edges. In this surface the exposed p - n junctions are marked as very thin lines by one of the well-known methods (electrolytical, chemical). The distances between these lines or to the edge of the cleavage surface are measured under a high-power metallographic microscope with an eyepiece micrometer. Magnification factors mostly used are 400 or 600 times. Very thin layers of about 1 μ are still measurable. The method is used for diffused layers as well as for alloyed contacts or combinations as in the case of alloy diffusion.

Using non-empirical calculations the details of bonding in Ni(CO)4 and in the analogous Ni(N2)4 are investigated. For Ni(CO)4 some previous results are confirmed. In the calculation on Ni(N2)4 the close resemblance with Ni(CO)4 is quite remarkable. The main difference is contained in the fact that carbon has a lower π-electron density than nitrogen and that therefore the π*-orbital in CO is lower in energy and geometrically more favourable for back donation. From the calculations we find a difference in metal-ligand bond energy between the carbonyl complex and the dinitrogen complex of approximately 18 kcal/mol.

high concrete gravity dam, except for a section near its middle, was taken out, with some blocks of concrete up to 10,000 tons in weight being moved as much as several thousand feet downstream. The flood peak immediately below the dam was estimated to be approximately 500,000 cfs. About 450 people were killed by the surge of water which swept 52 mi downstream to the ocean. A mile and a half downstream from the dam a powerhouse was torn away down to the generator floor by a water wave estimated to be more than 125 ft high (Fig. 1). The state commission that investigated this failure concluded that the foundation of the dam left very much to be desired. A portion of the rock was of such inferior strength that a specimen quickly disintegrated when immersed in water. It does not take much courage in retrospect to suggest that a dam of this type should not have been placed upon this kind of foundation. Knowledge has improved since 1928, but the problems in building dams have not diminished. Good dam sites are hard to find in California. It has become necessary to devise means to construct safe dams on poor foundations.

Few problems in the field of hydraulic research have been more challenging or baffling than that concerned with plotting the surface curve assumed by a liquid in varied or nonuniform flow. Several ...

The quality of an atomic basis set in molecular calculations can be characterized by the deviation of the valence-shell orbital energies from their values in a Hartree-Fock limit calculation. For atoms of a certain row of the periodic system, this quality appears to depend not only on the number of basis functions used in the calculations, as is usually accepted, but also on the number of valence shell electrons of the various atoms.

A report is presented on the investigation of more than 1,000 existing dams in California. Deficiencies at over 100 reservoirs are examined and remedial measures are investigated. Many defects in old dams are attributed either to adverse geological conditions or outmoded engineering practices, often combined with poor maintenance. The strengths and weaknesses of various types of dams are compared. Seismology and geology in California are considered in relation to construction and maintenance of dams and reservoirs. Problems in spillways and outlets and in reservoir margins are described. The requirements for programs to safeguard dams are examined.

THE FAILURE OF THE BALDWIN HILLS RESERVOIR IN LOS ANGELES IN DECEMBER, 1963, WAS CAUSED BY EARTH MOVEMENT MANIFESTED BY OFFSET AT A FAULT, PERMITTING RELEASE OF WATER INTO A HIGHLY ERODIBLE FOUNDATION. DISPLACEMENT AT THE RESERVOIR IS ATTRIBUTED TO GENERAL LAND SUBSIDENCE IN THE VICINITY. THE FINDINGS OF AN INVESTIGATION OF THE PHENOMENA WHICH PRECIPITATED THE DISASTER ARE PRESENTED. SEVERAL POSSIBLE CAUSES OF THE MOVEMENT ARE ANALYZED. LESSONS TO BE LEARNED FROM THIS FAILURE ARE OUTLINED. /ASCE/

THE SWEEPING DEMANDS which Japan served on China during World War I marked a decisive step in the development of Japan's economic position on the Asiatic mainland.* Discussions of those demands have, by and large, supported the opinions of shocked contemporary observers who saw in the Twenty-one Demands the proof of predatory Japanese militarism." Both the initial reaction of the Chinese and the subsequent appraisal by Western writers startled the Japanese statesmen, who had seen their demands as a formalization of existing arrangements and as a natural outgrowth of economic logic. They had been led to this view by Japan's industrial leaders, who realized from long experience that many of their Chinese counterparts were willing to establish close relations with them. The manner in which Japan's industrialists and their governmental allies influenced policy is best illustrated by Group III of the Twenty-one Demands, which sought to gain for Japan's Yawata steel works a joint interest in China's coal, iron, and steel complex, the Hanyehping Company. The Hanyehping Company grew out of an arsenal set up at Hanyang by Chang Chih-tung (1837-1909), one of the great viceroys of the late Manchu period. Like his contemporary, Li Hung-chang, Chang Chihtung developed mercantile and industrial establishments in codperation with local merchant and gentry leaders as a means of strengthening his political and economic position. Most of these projects, however, were dependent upon and hampered by bureaucratic favoritism. The Hanyehping Company was no exception. It was poorly planned, uneco

JAPANESE instructors in American history now have a superb six-volume set of sources and commentary to which they can direct their students.' It is fitting that American studies in Japan, although quite "new," should begin with the documents, for no aspect of the historical tradition of modern Japan is more striking than the zeal to assemble and publish the texts. It is a trend that began with Hokiichi Hanawa (I745-i822)2 and has its most remarkable product in the chronologically arranged series of sources issued by the Tokyo University Historiographical Institute, a project (begun in I902) that now totals close to four hundred volumes and that shows no signs of slowing down. While our historians prefer to use the sources, and publishers quail before the costs of assembling them, Japanese historians prefer to make them available before drawing on them for analytical treatment. Thus it is typical that little work on the Meiji Restoration preceded the publication of the i86 volumes of papers assembled by the Association for Japanese Historical Sources (Nihon Shiseki Ky5kai) between I9I5 and I93I. In the United States, despite the considerable volume of American studies of Japan, we have until recently had available only one documentary collection, and that by a Japanese.3 Genten Amerika shi was a decade in preparation. A study group began weekly meetings in I948 and met over two hundred times before the completion of Volume V, the originally anticipated terminal point (I940) in

General formula is suggested for calculation of spillway energy loss, and theoretical derivation is presented defining limit between true hydraulic jump and drowned jump; criterion for estimating bottom velocities along level spillway apron is considered.

Durch Verabreichung von Dexamethason und hohen Dosen Vitamin A bei graviden Wistar-Albinoratten wurden im Embryo experimentell Gaumenspalten erzeugt, nicht aber mit Cortisonazetat. Dexamethason und Vitamin-A-Hypervitaminose ergaben gleiche histologische Bilder.