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Focuses on a study that dealt with a type of accident whose etiology includes an aspect of modern technology, which in this case the use of flammable fabrics in commercially manufactured clothing. Information on the flammability of clothing fabrics; Fabric and clothing factors affecting burn incidence; Approaches to solving the problem of clothing burns.

Focuses on a study which examined the cause and control of burns in children in the U.S. Hospital statistics on burn patients from 1966-1967; Etiology of burn by age and sex; Etiology and severity of burns causing death.

A diffusible product which causes extensive epidermal splitting in new-born mice, has been obtained from phage group H staphylococci in a highly purified form. It is free of staphylococcal α-toxin, δ-toxin and hyaluronidase and bas a molecular weight of approximately 33,000. Criteria of purity are presented and the possible role of this factor in experimental T.E.N. is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study suggests a way to compare the protective action of chemical substances as optical filters against sunburn. For this purpose a photoprotective index is derived from the curves of optical density of the chemical substance in solution and erythemal effectiveness. The success of para-amino-benzoic acid depends on a maximal push-pull force on the electron cloud across the benzene ring. Several factors in the vehicle alter these electronic configurations to the detriment of the photoprotective action. A list is drawn up of substances which are optically superior as sunburn filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The action spectra were determined with a high intensity light source on 11 patients (including 4 persistent light reactors) known to be photosensitive to bithionol and halogenated salicylanilides. Maximum photosensitivity observed on patch tests containing the sensitizer was in the range of 360 nm. but no reaction occurred above 420 nm. The persistent light reactors had a considerably lowered sunburn MED below 330 nm. compared with control groups. The absorption spectra of the sensitizers was determined in dimethyl formamide arid in 95% ethanol at various pH. The halogenated salicylanilides gave a maximum absorption at 282 nm. in an acid pH, but in a basic pH above 8, when phenolic ionization occurs, a second absorption peak at 360 nm is found. Maximum fluorescence was achieved by excitation in the region of 360 nm. If the concentration of the sensitizer is equal (1%) then the order of decreasing photosensitizing ability of the tested substances was tetrachiorosalicylanilide (TCSA), bithionol. 4',5-dibromosalicylanillde (DBS) and 3,4'5-tribromosalicylanilide (TBS). Guinea-pigs could be sensitized with TCSA within one week using combined long U.V. (320-420 nm) and sunburn irradiation, but no sensitivity occurred with irradiation for 16 weeks using only long U.V. Patch tests on sensitized patients to photodecomposition products of TBS and DBS were negative. The possible mechanisms in the production of the persistent light reactors are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the aid of interference fliters it was shown that the action spectrum of 8-methoxypsoralen extends from 314μ to 381mμ The sunburn effect could only be obtained by the simultaneous application of 8-methoxypsoralen and irradiation. Sun barrier creams diminished but did not prevent the reaction. 8-methoxypsoralen is considered to be a potentially dangerous drug as it may be carcinogenic in combination with long-wave ultra-violet light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An outbreak of photosensitivity due to pitch fumes in an industrial process is described and certain clinical features emphasized. A monochromator was used for action spectrum studies on skin which had been previously painted with pitch. Abnormal spectral reactivity was obtained on a worker exposed to pitch in the region 340-430 mμ. Similar results were also found in three normal volunteers. The sunburn spectrum (280-320 mμ) and shorter wavelengths down to 250 mμ do not seem to play an important part in the photosensitization process. Reactions on skin treated with pitch, and produced with appropriate wave- lengths from a monochromator, were erythematous, urticarial and subsequently pigmentary. A subjective sensation, usually smarting in character, was commonly associated with experimental, pitch photosensitization. It appeared during and shortly after irradiation, was generally followed by an urticarial response, sometimes only by erythema, and occasionally occurred without visible changes in the skin. Similar objective and subjective responses with light were obtained with anthracene, and, to a lesser degree, with acridine. The urticarial response and its associated smarting sensation, due to photo- sensitization with pitch or with anthracene, was not prevented by chlorpheniramine; it is provisionally postulated that histamine might not be the chemical mediator. Results were obtained which seem to confirm the view that pitch and anthracene were "photodynamic" substances, i .e. photosensitization probably required the presence of molecular oxygen. Practical measures for the prevention of pitch photosensitivity are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A patient with urticaria Solaris has been investigated with a monochromator. The action spectrum for wheals extended from 280 to 390 m μ and from approximately 490 to 560 m μ. The delayed erythemal (sunburn) reaction was essentially normal. An early erythemal reaction was seen at wave-lengths 250-650 m μ. The relationship between early erythema and whealing, and the photosensitizing mechanism are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a KCI-India ink mixture to obtain a static picture of the pulmonary circulation, we found a marked recruitment of vascular beds, dilation of capillaries, and pooling of blood formed elements within 1 hr of a 50 per cent third degree flame burn. The same changes followed infusion of plasma or plasma dialysate into a normal animal. This change was not due to increased flow since the cardiac output was decreased in each group. The possible role of heart failure, decreased pulmonary blood flow, autonomic discharge, blood gas concentrations, and vasoactive substances is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case of accidental radiation burns is reported. The patient, a scientist, was accidentally burned in a laboratory because the beryllium window X-ray tube being handled could be withdrawn from its protective housing while still activated. While X-ray diffraction and spectrographic generators of modern design make such accidents impossible, less modern units are widely used and are still marketed by manufactures and while the use and sale of unsafe X-ray units is permitted, such accidental. X-ray burns will continue to occur among scientific personnel handling them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the theory of pro-ignition temperature-time history in a system consisting of a dry fabric, an air gap and human skin which has been subjected to a radiant heat source. The system resembles the case of a person wearing a single garment. The fabric is subjected to a heat source and the time taken to ignite the fabric, as Well as for the skin to feel pain, are calculated along with detailed temperature profiles. Numerical solutions are obtained for this mathematical model and limited comparison made With some simple experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the management of emotional reactions of severely burned children. Psychodynamics; Mother substitutes in therapy; Other important procedures in the psychiatric management of burned children.

The article focuses on a case of intramural hematoma of the jejunum due to trauma in a willfully abused child. The child was the premature product of an uneventful pregnancy, and had been treated for burns of the abdomen, arms and legs. On admission to Walson Army Hospital, he appeared emaciated, severely dehydrated with mild abdominal distension and poor skin turgor. The dehydration and electrolyte imbalance were corrected by intravenous fluid therapy. Intestinal obstruction caused by intramural hematoma was discovered in the patient, and was promptly operated on. This indicates the first case of intramural hematoma associated with the battered-child syndrome.

Presents a rountable discussion on the management of a severely burned child. Surgical considerations in burn management; Guides for modifying burn therapy; Importance of the maintenance of plasma volume.

The requirements for analgesia for burns dressings are discussed. Methoxyflurane has proved satisfactory in a clinical trial, and can be administered by one of two types of vaporizer. The possibility of nephrotoxicity due to methoxyflurane has not been eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Discusses the use of topical antimicrobial therapy for burn wound sepsis. Adverse effects of using mafenide hydrochloride; Association of the use of mafenide hydrochloride with hyperchloreamic acidosis; Evaluation of mafenide acetae in experimental burn wound sepsis.

Presents first aid therapy for burns. Use of ice packs or ice cold water; Contribution of inhibiting capillary permeability in the suppression or prevention of edema, blister formation and tissue destruction; Determination of the knowledge of mothers regarding the use of cold water for burns; Emphasis on the promotion of educational materials regarding burns in urban and suburban areas.

The article presents excerpts from U.S. Atomic Energy Commission statements on the effects of nuclear explosions. The blast wave of a five-megaton surface detonation would be capable of damaging residential structures up to a distance of about six miles from ground zero and to reinforced concrete structures out to about four miles. It could also cause first degree burns out to about 17 miles. There are no significant initial gamma and neutron radiation effects expected from a nuclear explosion in the range of five to 100 megatons. A 50-megaton explosion at a depth of 2,700 feet in deep water would generate wave heights from 20 to 50 feet at a range of 100 miles.

The article presents information about the paper "Second Degree Burns Due to a Liquefied Hardener," by A. Risse-Sundermann, that appeared in a previous issue of the journal "Berufsdermatosen." Epoxide resins are liquid substances which are mixed with liquid hardeners and the result is a solid, non-melting material. In addition to this cold method there is a thermoplastic method in which the hardeners are polyamine fatty acid esters. A workman had the dorsum of his hand accidentally covered with such hardener which set and could not he removed.

Presents an excerpt from the book 'The Book of Accidents: Designed for Young Children,' about the causes of burns in childhood.

The article contributes to the knowledge of the alteration of the proteins and of the glycoprotein and lipoprotein complexes in the plasma of burned patients. The changes in ten patients were proportional to the severity of their bums. Loss of protein affects the albumen and especially the albumen part of glycoprotein.

The article presents information about the paper "Recurrent Boils," by G. Hodgson. Pyogenic staphylococci are commonly present on normal skin and for boils to develop, the natural resistance of the skin to this infection must be lowered. This state may occur in the moist sweating alkaline areas of the axillae and groins, after the use of wet hot fomentations, in association with being run down and at times of emotional stress, the actual biochemical cause may be related perhaps to some change in the fatty acid secretion or in the water balance of the skin.

The article focuses on the research paper "Cytological and Cytochemical Changes in the Skin of Hairless Mice Exposed to High Intensity Airborne Sound," by A. Anthony and P.A Danner which was published in a 1955 issue of the "Journal of Investigative Dermatology." For the experiments discussed in this article, a specially designed mouse-container, of brass lined with sponge rubber, which has a window to allow the product of a loud speaker to impinge on an isolated part of the mouse's belly, was used. In cases where sufficient heat was generated in the skin, the results were indistinguishable from those of thermal burns.

Presents a case study of a boy suffering from cicatricial alopecia. Observation of an irregular area of cicatricial alopecia on the vertex of the scalp; Absence of tinea infection; Lack of abnormality in hairs taken from the border of the area; Occurrence of cicatricial alopecia probably resulting from a burn from a hot-water bottle shortly after birth.

The article discusses the Conference on Burns and Flame-Retardant Fabrics, conducted by the New York Academy of Medicine. A law was passed in October 1964 in Great Britain (where many more homes are heated by individual gas and coal burners) which requires all nightdresses for girls under 15 years of age to be manufactured of flameretardant materials. In this country some 150,000 persons suffer burns each year because their clothing accidentally catches on fire, and thousands more are injured from blazes in bedding or home furnishings. It is mainly small children and elderly or handicapped persons who are hurt. The frequency and severity of accidents from ignited fabrics could be much reduced if both manufacturers and consumers could be persuaded to utilize flame-retardant fabrics for clothing, bedding, draperies, and home furnishings. Except for wool which naturally is fire resistant, however, few fabrics of this kind for these purposes are currently available in the United States.