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Differentiation of alopecia mucinosa from leprosy is important in the endemic areas of leprosy where the diagnosis of leprosy is often made clinically rather than by pathologic or bacteriologic examinations. The present paper reports two cases of alopecia mucinosa mistaken for leprosy, in which one patient has been confined in a leprosarium for two years before he was proved nonleprotic. In order to avoid this kind of mistake, recognition of alopecia mucinosa by the medical profession in the areas is particularly important. Unawareness and subsequent failure to give the correct diagnosis may result in seriously stigmatizing the patient.