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Previously there have been reported * certain aspects, comparatively short-term, of the effects of supervoltage irradiation on the normal gastrointestinal tract of young male adults, treated for testicular tumor. The present study is more inclusive and definitive in that autopsy findings, follow-up by correspondence, and thorough clinical examinations of approximately 100 patients, five years or more after completion of therapy, are available. In all, approximately 230 records more than five years after therapy have been evaluated.A detailed history, including social, sexual, and economic adjustment after treatment, and physical examination, was made in the clinical study of each available patient. In all of these patients complete gastrointestinal x-rays were obtained. About 25 patients had cholecystograms. In many of the patients gastroscopy preceded by gastric biopsy, with use of a technique described by Palmer,6 and sigmoidoscopy were performed. Determination of gastric acidity with a standard histamine dosage (0.5 cc.), liver-function tests

HEREDITARY hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber disease) is a hereditary vascular anomaly characterized pathologically by multiple dilatations of capillaries and venules of the skin and mucous membranes and characterized clinically by recurrent hemorrhage from these telangiectasia, most frequently manifested by epistaxis. The entity is often overlooked or the bleeding attributed to some other cause, especially a blood dyscrasia. In gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulcer is often suspected, and, indeed, the two conditions may be present concurrently.The condition was probably first reported by Sutton,1 in 1864, as internal hemorrhage and telangiectasia of the skin. The following year Babington 2 described a family showing a tendency to epistaxis but made no mention of the presence of telangiectasia of the skin or mucous membrane in any members of the family. Rendu,3 in 1896, reported a case of a 52-year-old man who suffered from repeated epistaxis and who had small superficial angiomata of the

True stress-strain data on alloys of pure iron with up to 2.4 pct Al were obtained in the temperature range +100° to −185°C. Aluminum was found to reduce yield and flow stresses of iron at low temperatures but to have little or no effect on ductility. The effects of temperature and composition on strain hardening are discussed.

Tests have been conducted to determine the mechanical properties of several beryllium copper alloys down to liquid air temperatures. The materials investigated include beryllium copper, beryllium-cobalt-copper, and beryllium-zinc-copper in the wrought and cast conditions. As a means of evaluation, the influence of cold work and age hardening treatment upon subzero behavior has been observed. The effects of temperature upon both elastic and plastic deformation are also considered.

In the past four years four cases of dysphagia caused by lodging of large particles in the esophagus have been encountered. Another case with a fatal outcome, due to complications of the treatment used, was observed in this hospital and deserves comment. Since this entity is not a well-known one, and since there are simple harmless methods of treatment, it was deemed appropriate to record our observations.The cases were primarily, but not invariably, in elderly patients with edentia or dentures. Onset of symptoms was usually noted immediately while eating some form of meat. In this group of patients, roast beef, chicken, turkey, and "hot dogs" were the offending agents. The patients noted onset of choking, chest pain, or dysphagia immediately on swallowing the meat, which apparently became lodged in the esophagus. In the four patients personally managed, two of the patients thought they had swallowed too big a piece

IN THE evaluation of the clinical significance of the esophageal hiatus hernia, the question of how frequently this lesion exists without symptoms assumes considerable importance. In view of the increasing incidence in the diagnosis of hiatus hernia, largely due to more frequent routine use of various positional maneuvers of the patient during the roentgenologic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract, the problem of asymptomatic hiatus hernia is of greater interest. For instance, in a recent study1 hiatus hernia was the second most frequent diagnosis made for 3,448 patients undergoing roentgenologic study of the upper gastrointestinal tract after a barium meal. Duodenal ulcer was diagnosed in 705 patients while hiatus hernia was present in 308 patients.There is great variance of opinion in the literature as to the importance and incidence of asymptomatic patients with hiatus hernia. In most reports the authors present various features of the clinical picture

THE TRANSITION of hernia of the esophageal hiatus, more commonly called hiatus hernia, from a rare entity to one of comparative frequency has taken place in the past two decades. It was some years after the advent of diagnostic roentgenology that appreciation of the diagnostic value of changes in position of patients during barium study of the gastrointestinal tract led to routine study of the patient in the prone, supine or Trendelenburg positions. Ritvo1 in 1930 emphasized the importance of this maneuver in bringing to light many previously undiagnosed hiatal hernias, particularly of the recurrent, small variety which may be seen only in the Trendelenburg position and may, indeed, be absent at another examination. Jenkinson and Roberts2 estimated that only 5 per cent of hiatus hernias could be diagnosed if the erect position alone were used during examination.Since the radiologist has attained a high degree of awareness

A procedure is described for the determination of submicrogram. quantities of mercury in urine. The method is based on the absorption of the 2537 A mercury resonance line. The urine specimens are extracted by an ammonium pyrrolidino dithiocarbamate/methyl/isobutyl ketone (APDC/MIBK) system and the MIBK extract is evaporated on a tantalum boat. The mercury is detected by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Measurement of the absorption peak height is used to determine the quantity of mercury present. A 50 ml urine sample is required, which allows for many replicate runs.

Lead content has been determined in untreated urine by atomic absorption spectro-photometry by the Delves cup microsampliing system. Twenty microliters of untreated urine is added to a flame-cleaned Delves cup; the Delves cup is advanced until the cup is approximately 3 cm from the flame, dried, ashed until smoking stops, and inserted into the air-acetylene flame. The analysis of sixty spiked urine samples gave a standard deviation of ±5% from the mean. The method proposed is rapid, inexpensive, and accurate with a detection limit of 0.020 mg of lead per liter of urine, or 0.4 μg of lead. The method has been verified by methods established by Torres, Cholak et al. and Kuntz.

International Boundaries of East Africa by A. G. McEwen (Oxford: Clarendon Press, OUP, 1971, £3.50)Asia and the Pacific in the 1970s; The Roles of the United States, Australia, and New Zealand edited by Bruce Brown (Canberra, ANU Press, 1971, $A5.00)Canadian-West Indian Union: A Forty Year Minuet by R. W. Winks (London, Athlone Press, 1968, 75P)Canada's Search for New Roles: Foreign Policy in the Trudeau Era by Peter C. Dobell (London, OUP for RIIA, 1972, £1.50)The Making of Canadian Foreign Policy by R. Barry Farrell (Scarborough Ontario, Prentice-Hall, 1969, $3.50)Canadian Foreign Policy: Options and Perspectives by D. C. Thomson and R. F. Swanson (Scarborough Ontario, McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1971, $3.75)Trudeau and Foreign Policy: A Study in Decision-Making by Bruce Thordarson (Toronto, OUP, 1972, $2.95)Politics in Newfoundland by S. J. R. Noel (Toronto UP, London: OUP, 1972, £6.50)The Gentle Anarchists: A Study of the Leaders of the Sarvodaya Movement for Non-Violent Revolution in India by G. Ostergaard and M. Currell (Oxford, Clarendon Press, OUP, 1971, £5.50)Indian Communism: Split within a Split by Mohan Ram (Delhi, Vikas, 1969, Rs.27.50)Maoism in India by Mohan Ram (Delhi, Vikas, 1971, Rs.22.00)Gandhi's Rise to Power: Indian Politics 1915-1922 by Judith M. Brown (Cambridge, OUP, 1972, £6.40)The Politics of Constitutional Decolonization: Jamaica, 1944-62 by Trevor Munroe (Jamaica, University of the West Indies, 1972, J$3.50)

Commonwealth: A History of the British Commonwealth of Nations by H. Duncan Hall (London, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1971, £10.00)Colonialism in Africa, 1870-1860. Volume 3. Profiles of Change: African Society and Colonial Rule edited by Victor Turner (Cambridge, CUP, 1971, £5.00)Australia in New Guinea by L. P. Mair (Melbourne University Press, London: ISBS, first published 1948 second edition 1970, $A6.75, £3.15)Problems of Australian Defence edited by H. G. Gelber. (Melbourne, OUP, 1971, £7.25)Federated Australia by Alfred Deakin edited by J. A. La Nauze (Melbourne University Press, London: Cambridge University Press 1968, $A7.20, £4.35)Equality and Authority: A Study of Class, Status and Power in Australia by S. Encel (London, Tavistock, New York, Barnes & Noble, 1970, £3.50)The Uses and Abuses of Political Power: A Case Study of Continuity and Change in the Politics of Ghana by Maxwell Owusu (Chicago and London, Chicago University Press, 1970, £5.20)Language Conflict and National Development: Group Politics and National Language Policy in India by Jyotirindra Das Gupta (Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1970, $6.75)National Communication and Language Policy in India by Baldev Raj Nayar (New York, Praeger, 1969, £5.25)The Limited Elite: Politics and Government in Two Indian Cities by Donald B. Rosenthal (Chicago and London, Chicago University Press, 1970, £5.80)The Process of Opposition in India: Two Case Studies of How Policy Shapes Politics by Robert W. Stern (Chicago and London, Chicago University Press, 1970, £3.60)Land and the Constitution in India by H. C. L. Merillat (London and New York, Columbia University Press, 1970, $10.00, £4.50)Union Catalogue of the Government of Pakistan publications held by libraries in London, Oxford and Cambridge by Rajeshwari Datta (London, Mansell, 1967, £1.50)Union Catalogue of the Central Government of India publications held by libraries in London, Oxford and Cambridge by Rajeshwari Datta (London, Mansell, 1970, £5.00)Union Catalogue of the Government of Ceylon publications held by libraries in London, Oxford and Cambridge by Teresa Macdonald (London, Mansell, 1970, £1.50) (Set of three volumes: £7.00)Manley and the New Jamaica: Selected Speeches and Writings 1938-1968 edited by Rex Nettleford (Kingston, Longman Caribbean, 1971, £5.00)Crisis and Conflict in Nigeria. A Documentary Source-book 1966-70 by A. H. M. Kirk-Greene (London, OUP, 1971, Vol. I, £4.25, Vol. II, £5.25)The Nigerian Military: A Sociological Analysis of Authority 1960-67 by Robin Luckham (Cambridge, CUP, 1971, £6.00)The Nigerian Army 1956-1966 by N. J. Miners (London, Methuen, 1971, £2.25, paperback £1.40)The Police in Modem Nigeria by T. N. Ta-muno (Ibadan University Press, 1970, £2.50, paperback £1.00)Politics in Sierra Leone 1947-1967 by John R. Cartwright (Toronto University Press, London: OUP, 1971, £7.25)Samoa 1830-1 goo: The Politics of a Multi-Cultural Community by R. P. Gilson with an introduction and conclusion by J. W. Davidson (Melbourne, OUP, 1970, £6.25)Constitutional Change in the British West Indies 1880-1903 by H. A. Will (Oxford, Clarendon Press, OUP, 1971, £4.00)Contemporary Change in Traditional Societies edited by Julian H. Steward (Urbana Illinois, University of Illinois Press, 1967, 3 vols: I Introduction and African Tribes, $12.50; II Asian Rural Societies, $10.00; III Mexican and Peruvian Communities, $10.00)Les Systemes politiques africains by P. F. Gonidec (Paris, R. Pichon & R. Durand-Auzias, 1971, np)L'Administration publique a Madagascar by Michel Massiot (Paris, R. Pichon & R. Durand-Auzias, 1971, np)De l'Empire britannique au Commonwealth by Henri Grimal (Paris, Armand Colin, 1971, np)Modernizing Racial Domination: The Dynamics of South African Politics by Heribert Adam (Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1971, £3.00)A Federation of Southern Africa by Leo Marquard (London, OUP, 1971, £2.00)

The usual effect of Victorian poetry is to prove that a truth exists, that the search for it must be unrelenting, and that its very attainment promotes a further search for a more ultimate truth—ad infinitum. This search is the penetration of self, an interior journey on which the individual draws away from the world of appearance, from the encrustations of social personality and ever closer to innermost reality. Like Shelley and Coleridge, the major Victorians express themselves in terms of idealist philosophy; their poetic form schematizes the self into subject-object relationships. If, as compared with their predecessors, they seem to be more distant from the individual consciousness, more interested in the neat recounting of "stories," on closer examination one finds the "stories" are dramatizations for philosophical inculcation.

IT IS MORE than 10 years since the recognition of the epidemic of homologous serum hepatitis that followed the use of yellow fever vaccine which contained, as a diluent, human serum. That many lots of this particular vaccine were icterogenic has been documented by many observers, notably Sawyer and his associates,1 Capps and his associates,2 and Hayman and Read.3 Recently, Stebbins4 has reviewed from the epidemiologic point of view the implications of this experience. While certain lots of vaccine were shown to be highly icterogenic,1 none of the donors of the serum used in these lots had experienced jaundice or hepatitis within nine months prior to the donation, although all had had jaundice sometime in the past. It appears that a chronic carrier state may develop in persons suffering from viral hepatitis and that the infectious agent may be carried in the blood in sufficient virulence to produce illness in

When the hypotenuse surfaces of two 45°–45°–90° prisms are separated by a narrow air gap, part of the electromagnetic radiation incident on the prisms will be transmitted through both prisms and part will be internally reflected in the first prism. Theory indicates that for prisms of index of refraction, n=3, the transmission coefficient for the electric vector parallel to the plane of incidence (T_||) varies as a function of the ratio of gap distance to wavelength, d/λ, the same as for the case of the electric vector perpendicular to the plane of incidence (T_⊥). For n<3, T_|| falls off more slowly with d/λ than T_⊥. For n>3, T_|| falls off more rapidly with d/λ than T_⊥. Transmission and reflection coefficients were measured experimentally as a function of d/λ for 3-cm waves with prisms made of paraffin, sulfur, and sodium chloride.