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Liquid measuring procedures used in a 12-month study of the hydrology of the soil treatment system at Campbell Soup Company's Paris, Texas plant accounted for 93% of the total liquid applied to the soil. The rainfall and wastewater applied to the soil system are accounted for as follows: 18% is lost to the atmosphere through evaporative processes; 61% is recovered as runoff; and 21% percolates through the soil. The fraction of the treated wastewater recovered as runoff ranges from a low of 30% to a high of 85%. This range in the percent runoff is influenced by climate, soil textural class, and wastewater spray schedules. Wastewater spray schedules are controlled to partially offset variations in the percent runoff which would normally occur as the result of climatic influences.

A group of multifunctional surfactants was synthesized in order to arrive at materials which might function well in hard water. The salts of alkylaryl sulfopropionates, ; alkylaryl sulfonamides of taurine R-C6H4-SO2NHCH2CH2SO3Na; and the alkylaryl sulfonamide of aminoethylsulfuric acid R-C6H4-SO2NHCH2CH2OSO3Na were found to be quite effective. These compounds were synthesized via conventional routes and their biodegradability was established. These materials were formulated into the detergents with the aid of various organic and inorganic builders other than condensed phosphates. The detergency of these materials was evaluated with the aid of standard test cloths. Analogously formulated detergents based upon linear alkylbenzenesulfonate were also included for comparison in this evaluation study. It was found that a number of fairly satisfactory phosphate-free heavy duty detergent formulations could be developed.