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The daily total CO2-exchange of an aspen population (32 trees) was measured using a growth chamber gas analysis system which had been shown to measure accurately the actual carbon gain of the population. The CO2-exchange rates of the components (e.g. roots, stems, leaves) were measured in the light and dark and these rates were used to calculate the total CO2-exchange of the population using a computer model. The carbon gain during the photoperiod was underestimated by 25% in the simulation while the carbon loss during the nyctoperiod was overestimated 100% by the simulation.

Decarburization of two white cast irons, differing only in microstructure, has been studied using a 20% carbon dioxide-80% carbon monoxide atmosphere. Carbon loss and depth of decarburization at 1000°C and 1050°C were measured as a function of time. A mathematical analysis of decarburization is developed and from a comparison of this with the experimental results it is concluded that the diffusion of carbon in austenite is the rate controlling process.

The rate, extent, and spatial variation of carbon loss from a graphite cylinder exposed to steam has been calculated as a function of time. The geometrical arrangement considered was a hollow cylin...