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The basic question under examination is the underlying force that brings forth changes in cultural and social organizations. By employing general system theory and communication systemic analysis, the author concludes that communication, especially human communication, is the main vehicle of change. Human interchange, it is suggested, is constant and self-reflective at the subconscious and conscious levels in which the individual "constructs himself-in-his-environment." The interrelation of the individual and his systematic universe forms the basis of change. This interdependency is the best mode of approaching communication study. (Author/CH)

Vascular changes in Walker 256 carcinoma following x irradiation were studied in rats. A transitional increase in extravasation of plasma protein followed doses as low as 200 R. A decrease in functional intravascular volume, possibly due to vascular occlusion and stasis, was observed in tumors irradiated with 500 R or more. The poor vascularity which resulted may account in part for the decrease in tumor growth after irradiation. Reoxygenation of anoxic cells, which has been reported to occur in solid tumors after a large single dose, might result from the decreased oxygen consumption rather than from improved vascularity or circulation.

Chaussinand explained the antagonism between tuberculosis and leprosy. Fernandez proclaimed tuberculosis and leprosy are antagonistic disease on immunological, clinical and epidemiological point of view. Sauza Campus explained B.C.G. inoculation has protective action to leprosy infection. Capuro also explained that we can prevent tuberculosis and leprosy simultaneously by ultraviolet irradiated tuberculosis vaccine. But according to my survey results, there are many difficult questions. Namely, After we examined the tuberculosis infection of leprosy patients, we found out 4.1% tuberculosis patients. We also examined the leprosy occurrence, but we could not find any of among the patients in Masan National Hospital and once admitted patients. We also examined the tuberculosis and leprosy occurrence rate of the people in the same section. In UI Zoo Kun. the rate of the people were same with that of our ordinary people. According to lepromin test conducted to the tuberculosis infants, after six weeks, 84.6% were found negative and only 15.4% were positive. And according to tuberculin test result, 77.4% were found positive and 22.6% were negative. As we see this result, we have to study more rationally about the relations of tuberculosis and leprosy.

Since the advent of Isoniazid, an excellent antituberculosis remedy, many reports on the efficacy of this drug has been published, while continuous studies and efforts have been made on the toxic actions and on the improvement of this remedy. A survey on the effect of isoniazid to visual acuity was made with 114 healthy male subjects. For the first step, 94 subjects were selected and divided into 4 groups. They were medicated as follows; Group I 600mg a day Group II 500 mg a day Group III 400 mg a day Group IV 300 mg a day.Visual and fundus examinations were done respectively for 47 subjects with visual disturbances.For the second step, 20 subjects were instill-lated with 0.2% INAH solution into the eyes and were observed the alteration of size and light reactions of the pupils. With the above considerations, conclusions are made as Follows:1) The occurrence of refraction anomaly rises with increasing dosage of INAH over 300 mg/ day.2) The refraction anomaly lasted for average 2.7 days after discontinuing the INAH administration.3) The refraction anomaly which results from the administration of INAH is most frequently observed in hyperopic eyes.4) INAH renders the lens more responsive to the process of accommodation.5) Ophthalmoscopic examinations reveal no abnormal findings.6) Following installation of the INAH solution into the eyes, pupils become miotic and react sluggishly to light.7) It is suggested that above changes resulted from the stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves.

A series of 100 patients (150 sinuses) with chronic, purulent maxillary sinusitis experienced during a period September-May, 1966, has been studied. Hemophilus influenzae was found in 48.7 per cent of all sinuses and Diplococcus pneumoniae in 29.3 per cent. These two dominating bacterias were usually found in pure culture or together. The presence of Staphylococcus is regarded as an indicator of contamination. Sta-phylococcus aureus in pure culture was found in only 5 sinuses, and in 8 sinuses this bacteria was an additional finding in a dominating growth of Hemophilus influenzae. Diplococcus pneumoniae was evenly distributed during the seasons, while Hemophilus influenzae dominated during the winter and spring seasons, but almost disappeared during autumn. Only patients filling the criteria of chronic, purulent maxillary sinusitis were included. More than half of the patients were younger than 20 years and only 7 over 40 years. The investigation demonstrates that Hemophilus influenzae and Diplococcus pne...

IN adult mammals the epidermal cell population is in a steady state—continuous cell loss by keratinization is balanced quantitatively by new cell production in the basal layer. We have found that the turnover time of albino guinea-pig epidermis (time required for the replacement of a number of cells equal to that present in the basal, spinous and granular layers) differed from that reported by Platt1 and also from that found for other mammals 2–5.

The ability of anti-inflammatory compounds to suppress an increase in vascular permeability to plasma protein in guinea pig skin following 3000 rep of β-irradiation has been studied. To assess the vascular permeability to plasma protein,125 I-labeled serum albumin was injected into the heart immediately after irradiation, animals were killed 18 hours later, and the amount of125 I-labeled albumin in epidermis and dermis was measured. Anti-inflammatory compounds were given to animals 1 hour before and 9 hours after irradiation. Pronounced suppression of increase in vascular permeability to plasma protein (up to 18 hours) was observed with Cl-583, indomethacin, promethazine HCl, and e-amino-n-caproic acid, the effectiveness decreasing in the order cited, based on the milligrams per kilogram of body weight given. Triamcinolone and chloroquine diphosphate showed slight but insignificant effect. The relation of these results to suggested mediators of the inflammatory reaction was discussed.

Radiation-induced changes in vascular permeability of skin have been studied by many workers, but the results are rather inconclusive (1). Until recently, injection of dye was used by the majority of workers as a means of visualizing an increase in cutaneous vascular permeability. Rigdon and Curl (2) observed an increased diffusion of circulating trypan blue into rabbit skin injected 1 hour after 680 to 2720 R of X-irradiation, and no significant change when injected 2 to 21 hours postirradiation. McCutcheon (3) suggested that vascular permeability might be increased immediately after irradiation, although the effect was extremely transient. Mount and Bruce, using I'25-rabbit serum albumin (I125-RSA) (4), reported no increase in the vascular permeability in rabbit ear until the fifth to tenth day after 8000 rads of X-irradiation; there was a twofold increase in vascular volume 24 hours after irradiation. On the other hand, Devik (5) reported no vasodilation and/or increase in vascular permeability of the skin before 5 to 7 days after 2700 R of X-irradiation of hairless mice. Because of the contradictory nature of the above findings, several series of experiments have been conducted in an attempt to further clarify the effect of ionizing radiation on the cutaneous blood vessels. The changes in vascular permeability (transfer rate) and vascular plasma volume in guinea pig skin were determined by the injection of I25-labeled plasma protein after Sr90-Y90 -irradiation.