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Contour map has not enough information to support the road design or site location in this sophisticated age. To supply more information, orthophotomap has been, therefore, developed by adding the pictorial information to the contour lines. However, orthophotomap is rather expensive and unable of stereoscopic view. On the other hand, aerial photographs can be seen stereoscopically, while they has not uniform scale.In order to improve these inconveniences, a new technique has been developed in this study to form the digital terrain model and the digital photomap by using terrain data and pictorial data measured in the mesh system on the aerial photograph. This technique enables the conversion of digital terrain model with pictorial information in both ways between photo-coordinate system and ortho-coordinate system.

SUBJECTIVE WITNESSES: PHOTOGRAPHS AS DOCUMENTATION OF HISTORY | Methodological approaches to photographic source material have been lacking in historical research for a long time. In order to use photographs as historical source material, we need to take into account the specific abilities and limitations of the medium. In traditional methodological historical literature, photographs are treated uncritically and often serve merely as illustrations. In a few exceptions, they are treated as works of art, with references to the analytical methods from reception based picture analysis from art history, with the interpreting subject as focal point. New research that deals with photographs needs to deal with the source material more critically and use the meta sources available to verify and document the material. Also, it needs to take into account the specific contexts of the photographs as well as the general history and development of photography – culturally and technically – to add extra layers of information to the photographic documents. It is of particular importance in our mass producing, digital photo culture, as otherwise, traditional historians stand methodologically crippled before a lot of source material.

The data recording of storm information as detected by a weather radar has been customarily made on photographic film. Research radars and an occasional U. S. Weather Bureau radar are fitted with scope cameras to record the radar plan position indicator (PPI) display. Over the past 15 years a large sample of weather radar data has been accumulated in this fashion. The photographic technique provides an easy, quick, and inexpensive way to record weather radar data. The major drawback of this technique is data reduction. Information on storm shape, size, and intensity is normally extracted from the photographic images by hand. This means that only the most interesting aspects of individual storms are analyzed and the vast majority of the collected radar data is not analyzed. A vast amount of climatological information could be obtained from the existing store of weather radar data if an automatic technique of data retrieval were available. The first part of this report describes the use of a computer-controlled programmable film reader to process weather radar PPI photographs to obtain digital maps of rainfall intensity for use in climatological studies.

Continued improvement in the performance, both brightness and diameter control, of the spot of the annotator (CRT) has made precision under-exposure unnecessary in order to maintain the proper dot-geometry on the negative. The requirement that not only the negative, but also the positive, be machine-readable has required a reconsideration of the analytical expression for the density-exposure characteristics of various films. A new model of this characteristic is presented. This model is accurate from very low densities to densities well above the point of inflection, and has been used to calculate exposure times, maximum density attainable, and dot-profiles with accuracy sufficient for annotator systems engineering purposes.

The Princeton University and Hale Observatories have started a joint development effort to design and construct a digital image recorder. This system will use a single-stage intensifier and a silicon-target intensifier television camera tube coupled to a large memory. The output of the memory is fed to a digital computer for data recording and to a video display for real-time monitoring of the integration process. The image on the camera will be read out at intervals