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The lymphatic complications of renal transplantation, namely, lymphoceles and lymph fistulas, have received scant attention in the literature. Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of these problems are presented and representative cases reported.

A method is described for the determination of residual chlorpyriphos (O, O-diethyl 0-3,5,6- trichloro- 2 - pyridyl phosphorothioate) and leptophos (O-(4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl) O-methyl phosphonothioate), and their respective oxygen analogs and hydrolytic metabolites, in field-treated vegetables. Samples are extracted by blending with acetonitrile followed by liquid-liquid partitioning between benzene and aqueous sodium carbonate to separate the parent compounds and oxygen analogs from the hydrolytic metabolites. Both fractions are individually cleaned up on silica gel which also serves to fractionate the parent compounds from their oxygen analogs as the result of oncolumn hydrolysis of the oxygen analogs. Chlorpyriphos and leptophos are determined by flame photometric gas-liquid chromatography (GLC); the residual and derived hydrolysis products are derivatized with trimethylsilyl acetamide and determined by electron capture GLC. Overall recoveries from fortified samples averaged 95% for the parent compounds and 85% for the oxygen analogs and hydrolytic metabolites. Detection limits approximated 0.005 ppm for chlorpyriphos and leptophos, 0.002 ppm for the oxygen analogs, and 0.001 ppm for the hydrolytic metabolites.

A protocol specifically designed to prevent wound infections in recipients of renal transplants is presented. Comparative results indicate a decrease in wound infections with this regimen.

We obtain the transport coefficients up to first order in the density for a system of particles interacting with nonadditive forces. To zeroth order in the density we recover the usual results obtained from the Boltzmann equation. To first order in the density one finds that the transport coefficients consist of two parts: the value of the corresponding quantities for a system with only additive forces, plus a contribution due to nonadditive forces.

Within a 27 month period (from July 1, 1971 to October 1, 1973), during which 83 renal allotransplantations were performed at the Cleveland Clinic, a lymphocele developed in 15 patients (18.1 per cent). Early clinical symptoms, occurring within 6 weeks after transplantation, were suprapubic or lower abdominal swelling in 14 patients, leg swelling ipsilateral to the allograft in 12, nonpitting edema in the allograft area in 10 and lymph drainage from the wound in 8. An intravenous pyelogram demonstrated a lymphocele in 13 patients from 1 to 34 weeks after transplantation (mean 7.8 weeks), although an earlier suggestion of bladder displacement and deformity was found retrospectively in 5 patients between 1 and 3 weeks after transplantation. Lymphangiograms aided in the diagnosis in nine patients. The major complication of the lymphoceles was obstructive uropathy that developed in nine patients between 2 and 34 weeks after transplantation (mean 10.3 weeks). Lymphoceles mimicked rejection, urine extravasation, pyelonephritis, thrombophlebitis and a seroma, and occurred concurrently with rejection and pyelonephritis. Treatment by external surgical drainage was more effective than aspiration both in resolving the lymphocele and in avoiding infection. Three lymphoceles drained spontaneously 1 to 2 weeks after transplantation, and three are under observation. Chemical and protein analyses were made of the lymphocele fluid obtained from seven patients. Numerous factors may contribute to the formation of a lymphocele by increasing lymph flow. The most prominent factors are the extent of surgical dissection, the occurrence of rejection, and the use of diuretics, large doses of corticosteroids, and anticoagulants. The literature on lymphoceles in renal allograft recipients is reviewed, and pertinent comparisons are made with the more numerous reports of lymphoceles in nontransplant patients.

The field-ion microscope has been used to study the effects of bombarding tungsten surfaces with low energy noble gas ions. This technique is particularly useful because the collision events which contribute to the process of sputtering occur essentially on the atomic scale. By bombarding with neon, argon and xenon ions in the energy range 100 eV to 1 keV it has been possible to obtain information on the type and distribution of the lattice damage produced, together with the effects of annealing. These results are relevant to those surface techniques such as LEED, AES and XPS which employ low energy ion bombardment as a means of removing surface contamination. Although surfaces treated in this way may be chemically clean their exact topography has previously remained undefined.

The surface structure of a hair-pin tungsten cathode has been studied during and after conditioning with a large plane anode. Microscopic protrusions whose shape is related to the anode material have been observed to grow on the cathode during conditioning. Metals of low melting point and mechanical strength such as Al, Cu and Ni lead to smooth hemispherical protrusions, whilst tungsten results in sharp conical whiskers. To observe the electrodes in situ, the experiments were conducted in the modified specimen chamber of an electron microscope; the ambient pressure was about 10 ?torr.

Anti-fibrinogen antibodies can be harvested in pure and fully active form by simply precipitating them in combination with fibrinogen and subsequently retrieving them free of fibrinogen by redissolving and selectively salting out the fibrinogen at pH 2.4.

Es wird uber 31 fruhgeborene Kinder berichtet, bei denen es zwischen dem funften bis siebenten Tag im Rahmen eines schweren allgemeinen Ikterus zum Kernikterus kam, der den Tod der Kinder herbeifuhrte. In anderen Fallen kam es zu einer Ruckbildung der neurologischen Erscheinungen, teilweise allerdings unter Zuruckbleiben eines cerebralen Restschadens. Klinisches Bild und die vermeintlichen Ursachen der Erkrankung werden besprochen.

This paper is devoted to the study of the hydrodynamic stage of a two-component dense fluid. Starting from the BBGKY hierarchy obtained earlier, we first derive the expressions for the generalized fluxes. We proceed to set up the generalized kinetic equations, using Bogoliubov's functional assumption. Then we solve these equations by means of a Chapman-Enskog method. The generalized expressions for the transport coefficients are thus obtained. All our results are independent of the existence of density expansions of the relevant quantities.

In this paper, we obtain the generalization of the BBGKY hierarchy for a binary mixture of chemically neutral particles. Using modified boundary conditions different from the ones proposed by Bogoliubov, we solve the hierarchy, and obtain explicitly the set of two-particle distribution functions for the several species of the mixture, up to first order in the density.

The quantum mechanical behaviour of an infinitely heavy particle linearly coupled to a one dimensional system initially in thermal equilibrium is studied. It is shown that a Langevin operator equation is obtained for such a particle. The solution of this operator equation is given for the case of a linear external force, and various moments of the position operator are calculated. The concept of quantum mechanical Brownian motion is discussed.

Electric fields, pulsed or dc, can initiate the formation of protrusions on tungsten hairpin cathodes used with plane anodes of varying materials. Topographical studies of both electrode surfaces, using scanning electron microscopy, have now shown that these protrusions appear to be the irregular lips of microcraters. This damage is almost entirely confined to the cathode surface, and its occurrence appears to depend upon the material initially used for the anode; a stainless steel anode having ten times the probability of giving a stable electrode pair than a copper anode. Neutron activation analysis failed to detect any anode material on damaged cathodes. Two possible mechanisms are discussed that could account for the microcratering: (i) the instantaneous vaporization of field emitting micro-features on the cathode surface, and (ii) bombardment of the cathode by high velocity microparticles (clumps), originating at the cathode and subsequently acquiring an enhanced energy by a combination of elastic reflection and charge reversal at the anode.

A membrane-associated thiamine triphosphatase in subcellular fractions of the rat brain is described. This enzyme is shown to be different from a less active soluble thiamine triphosphatase previously reported. It is also shown to be distinct from ATPases and from a general nucleoside triphosphatase in the tissues examined. The membrane-associated thiamine triphosphatase activity has an absolute divalent cation requirement which is satisfied by Mg2+, Ca2+, or Mn2+. Maximal activation occurs at a cation to substrate ratio of 1:1. At its optimal pH of 6.5, the enzyme exhibits a Km of 1.0 to 2.0 mm and a Vmax of 4.0 to 8.0 µmoles per mg of protein per hour. The enzyme is heat-labile and is inactivated by low concentrations of sodium deoxycholate. ADP (10-6 to 10-3 m) strongly inhibits the enzyme. A specific inhibitor of the enzyme, the β-γ-methylene phosphonate analog of thiamine triphosphate, has been synthesized, and its inhibitory characteristics are described.

(1951). L’hypertension Et L’eclampsie Au Cours De L’insuffisance Renale Aigue. Acta Clinica Belgica: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 421-441.

Nine renal-allograft recipients were studied for consumption coagulopathy and fibrinolysis, which should be present if rejection is associated with the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon. One of two patients with hyperacute rejections had renal arterial and venous blood sampled during transplant nephrectomy. Peripheral blood samples from three patients with acute and one with hyperacute rejections were examined before and after transplantation. Serial observations of fibrinogen, platelets and factors II, V and VIII failed to show consumption coagulopathy in either hyperacute or acute rejections despite morphologic and immunohistochemical evidence of extensive renal cortical vascular thrombosis. Euglobulin lysis times, plasminogen levels and fibrinogen split products did not provide evidence for systemic fibrinolysis. In one patient with chronic refractory rejection, renal venous blood contained small amounts of fibrinogen split products, suggesting localized fibrinolysis. Intravascular coagulation...

Measurements of Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations in tellurium were carried out on doped, single crystals with hole concentrations of 5.9 × 1016 ≦p0 ≦ 5 × 1018 cm−3. Experiments were performed using static magnetic fields up to 15 T at several temperatures in the liquid helium range. The observed angular dependence of the periods were analysed by a method due to Mueller which yields the shape of the constant energy surfaces independent of assumptions as to the specific analytical form of the E(k)-function. The dumb-bell shape of the constant energy surfaces, and the small trigonal warping about the kz-axis at the highest concentrations which were found are in agreement with the predictions of existing theories about the upper valence band of tellurium. Values are given for terms of higher order than k2 in the E(k)-function of the upper valence band. Using the temperature and field dependence of the oscillation amplitudes the cyclotron masses and Dingle broadening temperature were determined at various carrier concentrations. An Tellur-Einkristallen mit Locherkonzentrationen zwischen 5.9 × 1016 und 5 × 1018 cm−3 wurden Schubnikow-de Haas (SdH) Oszillationen in stationaren Magnetfeldern bis zu 15 T und bei Temperaturen von 4,2 K und darunter gemessen. Die Auswertung der gemessenen Winkelabhangigkeit der Perioden erfolgte nach einer von Mueller entwickelten Methode, die es ermoglicht, die Form der Flachen konstanter Energie zu bestimmen, ohne Annahmen uber die analytische Form der E(k)-Beziehung machen zu mussen. Die hantelformigen Energieflachen und die schwache trigonale Verformung bei den hochsten Konzentrationen sind in Einklang mit den vorhandenen Theorien uber das obere Valenzband. Es werden Zahlenwerte fur die Koeffizienten von Termen in der E(k)-Beziehung angegeben, die von hoherer Ordnung als k2 sind. Aus der Temperatur- und Feldabhangigkeit der Amplitude der Oszillationen wurden die Zyklotronmassen und die Dingle-Temperatur bei verschiedenen Probenkonzentrationen gemessen.

1. No change occurs in sodium pyruvate which is added to blood and kept at 37°C. for some hours. 2. When sodium pyruvate is added to the circuit of the heart-lung or heart-oxygenator preparation, its effects upon the heart are similar to those of lactate. It is toxic in concentrations of about 150 mg./100 c.c. 3. Under the conditions described, pyruvic acid does not form heart glycogen. 4. Large amounts of pyruvic acid are used by the heart and the rate of usage is related to the concentration of pyruvate in the blood. The usage was not appreciably affected by variations in blood sugar or lactate, by iodoacetate (1: 10,000), vitamin B1, or adrenaline. 5. Some preliminary experiments on the effect of pyruvate on the oxygen usage of the heart-lung preparation are described, and the fate of the pyruvate used by the heart is discussed. The authors wish to thank Professor C. Lovatt Evans, who collaborated in part of the work, for his helpful advice and criticism throughout, and for the generous facilities afforded. The costs were in part defrayed by a grant made to R. A. G. from the Thomas Smythe Hughes Fund by the University of London, to whom the authors are indebted.

The interaction of gases with surfaces of solids is briefly reviewed, and some techniques for the study of surface phenomena are outlined. A review is presented of the present state of our understanding of electrical breakdown in vacuum, and some criteria for the best utilization of the insulating properties of vacuum are discussed. Finally, the specific problems of a few devices and components in relation to vacuum are discussed. The devices are particle accelerators, electrostatic generators, vacuum switches, plasma containers, bearings, and transmission lines.

We analyze the kinetic theory for dense gases proposed by Bogolyubov. We arrive at the conclusion that the boundary conditions proposed by him are not adequate for the description of a dense gas. This fact is the reason for the occurrence of the divergences found in the virial expansion of the generalized Boltzmann equation and of the transport coefficients. We propose new boundary conditions which lead to convergent virial expansions of the kinetic equation and of the transport coefficients.

It is shown that the sets of assumptions used in the theories advanced by Bogoliubov and Prigogine to describe irreversible phenomena in classical dense gases are equivalent.

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The charge is often raised against physicists that they make their laws more complicated than necessary. It is one of the aims of this lecture to refute this charge.

It is shown that the motion of a Brownian particle in the Smoluchowski approximation may be described by a Schrodinger‐like equation defining a complex probability amplitude whose norm is the same as the stochastic probability density. Furthermore, the quantum dynamical operators have a physical meaning which arises in a natural way, from the stochastic nature of the process. These operators satisfy the usual commutation relations and thus the uncertainty principle. Here the constant ℏ is replaced by a parameter depending on the characteristics of the system. In particular, the potential‐energy operator for a Brownian particle subject to no external forces can be interpreted as a Rayleigh dissipative function.

During the purification of hypertensin formed in vitro, evidence of heterogeneity of the pressor activity was obtained by counter current distribution. Pepsitensin shows a similar heterogeneity. These facts lead to the hypothesis that other proteolytic enzymes may also be present in the tissues and may hydrolyze hypertensinogen with the formation of pressor polypeptides of the hypertensin or pepsitensin type. Thus, substances similar to hypertensin may be formed in the organism by the action of proteolytic enzymes other than renin and may, if produced locally, exert a vasoconstrictor action or, if they enter the circulation, cause an increase in blood pressure.

In the presence of TPNH, particulate cell-free preparations from Hansenula ciferri convert palmityl coenzyme A and serine-14C to labeled dihydrosphingosine and sphingosine. Both the free bases and their dinitrophenyl derivatives migrated identically with authentic standards on thin layer chromatograms. The identity of sphingosine, not previously reported as a biosynthetic product in yeast, was further confirmed by its catalytic reduction to dihydrosphingosine and by recrystallization of its triacetyl derivative to constant specific radioactivity in the presence of unlabeled authentic carrier. Both the biosynthetic sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine have the erythro configuration. In the absence of added TPNH, no sphingosine or dihydrosphingosine is formed by this system. Instead, two less stable, labeled compounds are formed, (a) 2-amino-1-hydroxyoctadecan-3-one (3-ketodihydrosphingosine), and (b) a compound which may be the 3-keto analogue of sphingosine. These intermediates are converted either enzymatically in the presence of TPNH or nonenzymatically with sodium borohydride to dihydrosphingosine and sphingosine. The most prominent labeled component of the mixture on acetylation chromatographs identically with authentic N-acetyl-3-ketodihydrosphingosine. Like the pyridoxal-P-dependent over-all reaction leading to dihydrosphingosine (1), formation of the labile intermediate, but not its reduction to dihydrosphingosine, is inhibited by cysteine. On the basis of these experiments, synthesis of dihydrosphingosine appears to proceed by a pyridoxal-P-dependent condensation of palmityl-CoA with serine to yield 3-ketodihydrosphingosine. TPNH-dependent reduction of this 3-keto intermediate then leads to dihydrosphingosine. The origin of other sphingolipid bases is discussed. 2-Hexadecenoate, but not α-hydroxypalmitate, replaces palmitate as a substrate in this crude cell-free system, but does not change the distribution of products. Phytosphingosine, the major sphingolipid base excreted by the growing yeast, is not formed in the cell-free system.