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Fellowship of the Australian Academy of Science and Fellowship of the Australian College of Education are formal recognition of Hanna Neumann's impact on a country she had first set foot in only in August 1963. But then`Hanna Neumann was a remarkable person. Throughout her life she had won the love and respect of many people. The extent of this can not really be measured, however some indications can be given. A memorial meeting held in Canberra overflowed a large lecture theatre even though it was virtually vacation time. A collection of papers dedicated to her memory and a fund to provide some form of memorial to her have both drawn quite overwhelming support from many parts of the world. One finds a tremendous list of words describing her memorable qualities: warm, enthusiastic, inspiring, energetic, firm, tactful, sympathetic, efficient, patient, shrewd, humble, peace-loving, courageous, gracious, … No words can hope to evoke more than a pale shadow of such a person; this story must be read in such a light.

The effects of ethynodiol diacetate norethindtone and norethynodrel on the hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme system of rat were studied. 10 or 50 mg norethynodren/kg or 50 mg norethindrone/kg markedly increased the duration of pentobarital-induced sleep. When the rats were pretreated with 10 or 50 ethynodiol diacetate/kg or 10 mg norethindrone/kg the duration of pentobarbital-induced sleep was not altered. These steroids had no effect on sodium barbital induced sleep which suggested an inhibitory action of the metabolism of pentobarbital. The steroids markedly inhibited the N-dimethylation of aminopyrine the p-hydroxylation of aniline and the side-chain oxidation of pentobarbital during in vitro incubations. Spectral studies revealed that the 3 progestins are Type 1 substrates with an absorption maximum at 390 mM and a minimum at 424 mM. Chronic pretreatment did not cause a change in the amount of microsomal protein/gm liver the concentration of cytochrom P-450 the rate of reduction of P-450 by P-450 reductase or on the duration of pentobarbital-induced sleep. However a significant decrease in the rate of daily body weight gain in rats pretreated with the synthetic progestins was seen (p less than .01).

Crew, A. D., Varkonyi, P. I., Gardner, L. G., Robinson, Q. L. A., Wall, E., and Deverall, P. B. (1974). Thorax , 29 , 437-445. Continuous positive airway pressure breathing in the postoperative management of the cardiac infant. Continuous positive airway pressure with spontaneous ventilation was used in the postoperative period following palliative or corrective surgery for congenital heart defects in a group of children of less than 3 years of age. After stabilization of the cardiovascular state, continuous positive airway pressure breathing (CPAP) was shown to be a suitable alternative to continuous positive pressure ventilation (CPPV). A statistically significant increase in PaO2 was observed on changing from CPPV to CPAP. A statistically significant decrease in PaO2 and increase in pulmonary venous admixture was observed after discontinuing the positive airway pressure and allowing the patient to breathe at ambient pressure. We would recommend CPAP as an intermediate manoeuvre in the withdrawal of ventilatory support as it introduces a smoothness and stability into patient management regimes which was previously lacking. Careful selection of apparatus is necessary as the airway pressure should be truly continuous and steady. In neonates the dead space of the system should be reduced to a minimum; CPAP alternating with periods on CPPV may be necessary for some time after cardiovascular stability has been attained.

This report covers the fifth 1,000 accessions in a survey of plants for steroidal sapogenins and is thus a continuation of the previous four reports (1–7). Data are given for 990 accessions (all but 107 from the United States), representing 147 families, 547 genera, and 921 species. Few steroidal sapogenins were found, largely because of the absence of Agave, Yucca , and Dioscorea; but alkaloids were qualitatively identified in 86 species, 45 of which are new to the record.

The Joshua tree,Yucca brevifolia, is distributed over parts of Arizona, California, Nevada, and Utah. A study of its steroidal sapogenins showed that the leaves contain practically none; the wood, small amounts of smilagenin; the seeds high amounts of hecogenin and tigogenin.

A clone of perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne L.) endosperm tissue culture, isolated in 1955, was studied after 10 years of periodic subculturing. Cytological, morphological, and growth data were obtained, which demonstrated that the tissue had remained approximately triploid (3n = 21). On the basis of chromosome counts in 392 cells, the most frequent numbers were 21 (76 counts) and 22 (77 counts). The range of chromosome numbers was 18-50. Surprisingly, only two cells were 18, four cells were 19, and 10 cells were 20 in chromosome number. Moreover, a karyotype analysis suggests that the tissue is not morphologically triploid in a strict sense, since seven triplets of homologs no longer exist. Dicentric chromosomes and fragmented chromosomes were present. The growth of the tissue, in terms of 25-day increase in wet weight, diminished by about 30% in 10 years; and its ability to synthesize starch was reduced.

1. The distribution of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-(14)C in the pregnant and nonpregnant mouse is very similar. High concentrations of radiolabel can be seen in the maternal liver, spleen, lungs, brown fat, adrenal glands, mammary glands, yolk sac placenta and corpora lutea. In the pregnant mouse Delta(9)-THC crosses the placenta and enters the foetuses in very low concentrations, with no apparent selective intrafoetal radiolabel accumulation sites. Autoradiograms showing the distribution of (14)C-cannabinoid 2 h after dosing are presented.2. A small amount of maternal liver and foetal tissue was removed from the mice, used for autoradiography and extracted with ethyl acetate. Most of the radiolabel in these tissues was solvent extractable and was separated by thin layer chromatography into two fractions, THC and metabolites.3. It appears that most of the cannabinoid is present in a free rather than conjugated form.

Summary1. Humans and rats receiving a purified laboratory diet excrete hippuric acid, 1 to 3 mg/kg/day. This amount appears to be formed endogenously and its excretion in the rat is not affected by fasting, by inclusion of sulfasuxidine in the diet, or by injection of phenylalanine. 2. 0.05% of the radioactivity of 3-C14-L-phenylalanine injected into a rat was excreted in 24 hours in the form of hippuric acid. Further experiments suggested that endogenous hippuric acid could not be derived from phenylalanine in any direct manner.

the dead-reckoning navigation system described, was designed to meet Canadian Army requirements for a navigation aid which would provide commanders of tracked or wheeled vehicles with continuous, accurate, positional and navigational information. The system permits vehicle movement about the battlefield under conditions of poor visibility such as in darkness, in fog or smoke and in country devoid of landmarks such as desert or arctic regions or in areas where reliable maps are not available. The, system continuously computes and displays the exact geographical location of the vehicle and the direction in which it is heading. The inputs to the land navigation system are: distance; travelled by the vehicle as measured by an odometer drive, and direction of travel obtained from a true north seeking gyro compass. The complete system consists of a Computer, Heading and Position Indicator, Vehicle Position Plotter, Heading Indicator, Gyro Compass and Power Supply. The Computer employs a unique and highly accurate mechanical analogue computing element (Ball Resolver) to convert inputs representing distance and direction of travel into electrical output pulses which represent the East/West and North/South movement of the vehicle. The commander's Heading and Position Indicator displays the computer outputs (vehicle position) as two four digit map references, and a 0–360° dial continuously indicates the grid heading of the vehicle. The Vehicle Position Plotter provides a continuous pictorial representation of the geographical location of the vehicle and the direction in which it is headed. An illuminated image of a positional dot and directional arrow is projected onto the underside of a standard military map attached to the top of the Plotter. This display enables the navigator to pictorially steer the vehicle along any prescribed course without manual plotting or mental calculations. The Heading Indicator, necessary only in vehicles where the driver is separated from the commander, continuously displays vehicle heading and can be used as a steering aid for a prescribed heading. The system operates from the vehicle battery and employs a static inverter to obtain the alternating current required by the Compass and other systems units. The land vehicle navigation meets the accuracy requirements of 1% of distance travelled.

Increases in plant population of field corn resulted in increased stalk rot and barrenness, and decreased tillering and ear size. In the stalk rot susceptible single cross CH159 × CH3, stalk rot reached high levels at relatively low populations (10- and 15-thousand plants per acre) whereas resistant B14 × CH9 did not have stalk rot below populations of 20- and 25-thousand plants per acre. Stalk rot did not occur until after the plants had reached physiological maturity. Plants which developed stalk rot shortly after physiological maturity had lower grain yields than plants which developed stalk rot later in the autumn. Plants without stalk rot by the time of final harvest in late October or early November were found to have either well-developed ears with high grain weights or small, poorly pollinated ears. It was concluded that both stalk rot and reduction of grain yield are the end results of conditions which reduced plant productivity during growth.

With three kinds of water, Mississippi, Missouri and Illinois rivers, of different natures, and coming in an infinite variety of mixtures, St. Louis has peculiar water supply problems. This outline of methods will interest water engineers. Of the success of the St. Louis methods, the low mortality rates of the city are evidence.

This paper is concerned with two mani problems:(a) the determination of the conjugacy classes in the finite-dimensional unitary, symplectic and orthogonal groups over division rings or fields;(b) the determination of the equivalence classes of non-degenerate sesquilinear forms on finite-dimensional vector spaces.

The leaves of Agave lecheguilla, both green and dead, contained about 1.0% smilagenin, dry matter basis. The roots contained about 1.0% total genin, of which about 80% was smilagenin and the rest gitogenin. The seeds contained 1.5 to 2% hecogenin with some manogenin. Topographic sites in Brewster County, Texas, did not affect the genin content, which tended to be higher in September and October. Reactions are shown whereby smilagenin can be converted to cortisone by two different routes.

The lead tetraacetate oxidation of the tertiary alcohol 1 gives rise to two products, 3a and 4a, which contain a transannular oxide bridge. These structures are determined by analytical and spectral properties and by two independent chemical interconversions. The stereochemistry can be deduced from these reactions. Two possible mechanisms for the formation of the products are presented.

This paper describes some of the work of the Edinburgh University East African Veterinary Expedition of 1969, carried out in conjunction with the F.A.O. Tickborne diseases project at Muguga. Cattle of proven immunity toT.parva (Muguga), together with controls, were exposed to field theirleriosis in two experiments. In both all animals died, though some protective effects of immunisation were demonstrable. The death of immunised animals is considered to be a result of aT.parva challenge by a strain of partial immunogenic difference fromT.parva (Muguga) concurrent with a profound anaemia caused byT.mutans infection.

Cold-water extracts from the basal portions of dead branches of trembling aspen markedly stimulated basidiospore germination and mycelial growth of Fomes igniarius var. populinus at concentrations which inhibited spore germination and growth of other varieties of F. igniarius. Water extracts which caused these differential effects could not be obtained from living aspen branches. Selective effects in favor of F. igniarius var. populinus were characteristic of extracts from the surface tissues of branch stubs, as well as from the total cross section, except that surface extracts were less fungistatic and were not found in branches in all stages of deterioration. Extracts from the axillary regions of dead branches were more fungistatic than those from more distal parts. The stimulatory and inhibitory components of dead branch extracts were heat stable and partially soluble in organic solvents.

THE MECHANICAL translation of language by digital data-processing equipment was first suggested in private correspondence between A. D. Booth and W. Weaver in 1946.1 Since that time, others have been attracted to the field of mechanical translation and their work has resulted in the publication of a magazine, a book, and numerous papers.2,3,4

Let be a positive definite quadratic form of determinant D, and let M be the minimum of f(x) for integral x ≠ 0. Then we set and the maximum being over all positive forms f in n variables. f is said to be extreme if y γn(f) is a local maximum for varying f, absolutely extreme if y γ(f) is an absolute maximum, i.e. if y γ(f) = γn.

In two even-aged stands of trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.), there were highly significant differences among clones in percent decay, volume of decay, gross volume, and net volume. Each clone had a unique pattern with respect to position of rot columns within the stem and the major types of rot present. Adjacent or intermingled clones on apparently the same site differed significantly in percent decay in several instances. Components of the same clone occupying two distinguishable sites did not differ significantly in percent decay in any of the clones harvested, but considerable differences in gross volume and decay volume were observed. Within some clones, decay volume tended to parallel gross volume but in others, a negative correlation between percent decay and gross volume was evident.

Possible characteristics and requirements of future hypersonic aircraft, as determined from a current NASA Flight Research Center study, are examined. The effect of hypersonic speed on range is shown to offer sufficient potential to warrant serious consideration for future missions. Some hypersonic propulsion systems and their regions of operation are reviewed. Several possible configurations of hypersonic aircraft are presented, and the effect of various fuels is considered. Sonic-boom overpressures for future hypersonic aircraft are examined.