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Four cases of primary ureteral tumour are presented. The significance of cytologic examination of the urine and complete visualization of the entire ureter by either intravenous or retrograde urography is stressed.

Since the introduction thirty-four years ago of intravenous urography as a means of visualizing the urinary tract, the limitations imposed by the usual form of the examination have become evident and better methods have been sought (5, 8, 11–13). Until recently the 20 ml dose of contrast medium administered to a dehydrated patient has remained the accepted routine for all pyelographic examinations. In an effort to improve the quality of the examination, prolong the nephrogram, and consistently visualize the entire ureter by increasing the radiographic density of the opacified urine, Schencker in 1964 introduced drip infusion urography. This led to a re-evaluation of the low-dosage dehydration method (3,4, 7, 9). Although higher doses of contrast medium do not seem to increase the hazard to the patient, because of the risk and expense smaller doses would be desirable if comparable results could be achieved. Also, the routine use of drip infusion pyelography is precluded by the cost of a disposable infusion...