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Twenty-four anatomical dissections of the arterial supply to the salivary glands were made of four male and eight female latex-injected, adult domestic cat heads. The parotid gland received its arterial blood from the parotid arteries and from the branches of the lateral auricular, anterior auricular, masseter, transverse facial and occasionally from the anastomosing branches of the intermediate auricular arteries. The major blood supply to the mandibular and sublingual glands was derived from the glandular branch of the facial artery. Occasionally these glands received their blood supply from the great auricular artery (two cases) and from the external carotid artery (two cases). In another specimen a branch of the parotid artery entered the convex surface of the mandibular gland. The polystomatic part of the sublingual gland was provided with small branches from the lateral aspect of the lingual and medial aspect of the sublingual arteries. The zygomatic gland was supplied by two branches of the infraorbital artery and a small branch of the buccinator artery. The molar gland received its arterial supply mainly from the ventral labial artery. Occasional contributions from the angularis oris, posterior mental, middle mental and masseteric arteries were also encountered.

Though chemotherapeutic agents have greatly improved, antitumor drugs play a minor role compared to irradiation or operation in the treatment of malignant diseases. While producing a specific antitumor effect, these drugs show the toxicity on normal structures. For this reason attempts have been made to minimize the systemic toxicity of antitumor drugs on normal tissues and to obtain the maximum concentration in tumor areas. Based on these ideas. Klopp et al (1950) first introduced the intra-arterial administration of cytotoxic agents' We have managed twenty-two patients of the head and neck tumors, undergoing intra-arterial infusion of cyclo-phosphamide (Endoxan) or chromomycin A3 (Toyomycin). The superficial temporal artery or facial artery was catheterized, by inserting polyethylene tube of appropriate size until the tip of the tube was placed in the external carotid stream.The drug was injected continuously through the catheter. The results obtained show that six patients received significant regression and in twelve the tumor regressed partially. The intra-arterial infusion of Endoxan or To-yomycin may prove to be an important adjunct not only in the management of incurable head and neck tumors, but also as a pre-operative therapy for early stages of cancer.

THE DEVELOPMENT of an abnormal arterial-venous communication following injury to an adjacent artery and vein is a well-recognized sequela of operative surgery. This complication has been described following a variety of procedures. These include the en-masse ligature of the superior thyroid artery and vein during thyroidectomy,1of the uterine artery and vein during hysterectomy,2of the renal artery and vein during nephrectomy,3of the geniculate artery and vein during arthrotomy, and of the femoral artery and vein during amputation.4In addition, the development of a fistula can occur following inadvertent penetration by a surgical instrument of the right common iliac artery and inferior vena cava during intervertebral disc removal,5by a fixation device through the facial artery and vein during the application of an Anderson splint,6by the insertion of a Steinmann pin through the anterior tibial artery and vein during fracture fixation,7

Gross anatomic and radiologic studies of the blood supply to the human mandible of the full-term fetus and newborn infant were performed on 22 specimens ranging from 320–538 mm crown-heel length and 1,192–4,108 gm in weight. Ten specimens were injected with red-lead and liquid soap to demonstrate the arteries radiographically. Twelve other specimens were injected with Castolite with a sprinkling of red-lead and yellow dye. The best side of each specimen was studied by radiography and dissection. This study demonstrated: (1) a masseteric arterial plexus supplying the coronoid process and the lateral wall of the ramus with contributions from the facial, masseter, transverse facial and external carotid arteries or combinations thereof; (2) a mental arterial plexus anastomosing with the mental, submental and inferior labial arteries; (3) an inferior alveolar artery supplying most of the body of the mandible with a majority of its branches passing in an upward direction; and (4) periosteal vessels supplying the lower border of the mandible and receiving their blood supply from the blood vessels supplying the muscles attaching to these areas and the periosteum. Supplemental to the above findings were anastomoses between the submental, mylohyoid and sublingual arteries along the medial border of the mandible. Also a significant variation not previously recorded was noted in one specimen in which the sublingual artery originated from the facial artery rather than the lingual.

Occlusion or thrombosis of the internal carotid artery in the neck is being recognized more frequently. Gross (2), Johnson and Walker (4), and others have described this condition and all stress the importance of angiographic findings in diagnosis. Gurdjian and Webster (3) pointed out, in addition, the value of intraoral palpation of the artery in establishing the occlusion. Exploration of the internal carotid artery in the neck and, if feasible, section of the vessel offer the definitive diagnosis. It is known that in internal carotid artery occlusion, the defective cerebral circulation can be improved by collateral circulation through the circle of Willis. If this latter circulation is inadequate, due to under-development of the anterior and the posterior communicating artery, collateral circulation can be established through anastomosis of the branches of the external carotid artery, mainly the internal maxillary artery and the facial artery, with the ophthalmic artery. Marx (6) was the first to report...

Traumatic aneurysms of the extracranial segment of the external carotid artery are rare. With the exception of four cases involving the facial artery (1–4) and one involving the retroparotid segment of the external carotid artery (6), the site of aneurysm is always the superficial temporal artery. Winslow and Edwards (5) in 1935 reviewed the world literature and were able to find fewer than 100 cases of post-traumatic aneurysms of the superficial temporal artery. Occasional case reports have appeared in the literature since that time. Because of the rarity of these aneurysms, we are reporting two cases demonstrated by selective external carotid angiography. Case Reports Case I: C. M., a 62-year-old white woman with a past history of a cerebrovascular accident, fell at home, striking her head. She was examined in the Emergency Department of the Boston City Hospital. Small contusions over the right orbit and in the right temporal area were noted. The patient was discharged and remained asymptomatic for thre...

A case of a false aneurysm of the facial artery after circumferential wiring is described. Although this procedure is relatively safe, complications may occur. Treatment consisted of ligation of the facial artery, both proximal and distal to the aneurysm, and this proved to obtain a very satisfactory result.

The cephalic sympathetic nerves have been adequately described anatomically. They are derived chiefly through the internal and external carotid and the vertebral nerves and plexuses. According to current concepts, the preganglionic fibers concerned are included in the thoracolumbar outflow and make synaptic connections predominantly in the cervical sympathetic trunk. Ganglia occur frequently in the internal carotid plexus.2,5,11A single small ganglion in the external carotid plexus near the origin of the facial artery has also been reported.10It has been assumed quite generally that preganglionic fibers reach these ganglia through rami that extend cephalad from the superior cervical sympathetic trunk ganglion and through the plexus on the common carotid artery. Adequate data relative to the frequency, size, and distribution of ganglia in the internal carotid nerve and plexus are wanting. According to Mitchell,12macroscopic ganglia occur only infrequently. He has observed microscopic ganglia at various levels along

T he demonstration of calcified vessels in the cheeks by means of routine dental roentgenograms is infrequent. It is possible to mistake these calcifications for artifacts or imperfections arising during development of the roentgenogram; nevertheless, oral and roentgenologic examination may be the first opportunity for detection of the signs or symptoms of a systemic vascular disease. The case to be reported illustrates the presence of calcifications in the facial artery.

While it is admitted readily that the use of external pin fixation has a definite place in the management of fractures of the mandible, certain potential complications in its technical application may be overlooked. A patient recently under our care demonstrates a complication that we feel should be recorded. A man suffered an oblique fracture through the right angle of his mandible. An early reduction was performed and the teeth were wired in occlusion. Because the mandible was edentulous posteriorly a Roger Anderson external pin fixation splint was substituted to stabilize the posterior fragment in the reduced position. The wires were removed after partial union to permit early motion and use. At the time of application of the splint, one of the pins accidentally injured the underlying facial artery and vein. An immediate swelling developed that pulsated. The mass grew quickly to the size of a walnut. Pulsation continued for

In the gecko, Coleonyx variegatus, the tympanum is attached to the hyoid arch by a segment of the pharyngeal wall. Mechanisms which might allow the tympanum to operate if hyoid movements alter the tautness of the tympanum include the anchoring effect of the epihyal, the antagonistic action of the episternohyoideus muscles, and reduction of the hyoid movement by the holding effect of the cartilaginous connection of the epibranchials. Alternately, the tension of the tympanum may be maintained by distension of the pharyngeal wall during breathing or by increased rigidity of the columella brought about by pressure of the facial artery. There are apparently three routes by which ground vibrations may be transmitted to the inner ear from the lower jaw.

IN THIS day of specialization and super-specialization it is unusual for a specialty journal such as theArchives of Otolaryngologyto receive recognition in the editorial pages of The Journal of the American Medical Association . The Nov 4 issue of this most widely read of all medical journals, cites the article by Gardner in the current issue of theArchives of Otolaryngologyon massive late postoperative hemorrhage after tonsillectomy. Incriminated is suture injury of the facial branch of the internal maxillary artery. Gardner points out that this artery may be brought close to the surface of the tonsil fossa by pressure on the base of the tongue in the Rose position when an unnecessarily wide tongue blade is used. A suture placed in the fossa to control superficial bleeding may then penetrate the facial artery. When the suture dissolves massive hemorrhage occurs through the fistula created by the suture to