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A distinction is drawn between the aggression of combat soldiers reacting adaptively to situations of real danger and a type of combat aggression that is personally motivated by a quest for revenge. In contrast to the adaptive aggression that posed few postcombat difficulties, the latter type of aggression resulted in regressive ego (and superego) functioning and led to uncontrolled rages, combat atrocities, and postcombat difficulties in the handling of hostility and aggression.This latter type of aggression was traced to narcissistic injuries and subsequent narcissistic rage, often the consequence of the death of a combat buddy (loss of a mirror relationship).

The usefulness of a recent result in system availability is displayed and discussed. Methods are presented for solving some problems which arise in the practical implementation of this result. Specifically, equations are provided for calculating the availability of a series system in which one or more components may have a surge or an installed spare. Finally, a manufacturing line efficiency model is described which has system (line) availability as one of its principal factors.

Although there are a number of papers on how fish swim (Gray, 1957; Aleev, 1969; Lighthill, 1969), we have been unable to find any measurements of the pressure on the body surface measured while a fish is swimming. A preliminary calculation using the Pitot equation indicated that the pressure against the anterior surface of the fish, expressed in centimetres of water, would be approximately equal to the square of the speed of the fish in miles per hour. A fish one foot long, swimming at six miles per hour, would have a pressure of about 36 cm H2O against the front of his head. Such pressures, if actually present, might be large enough to affect the body functions, particularly circulatory, and ultimately influence the body structure of aquatic animals. They are of the same order of magnitude as the hydrostatic pressures due to gravity acting on land animals of equal body size, and as the blood pressure in fish (Satchell, 1971). In addition, the determination of the pressure distribution on the body surface of swimming fish may be of help in explaining the mechanism of fish locomotion. Compared to pressure distribution on the body surface of dead fish, or casts, the difference may be responsible for the otherwise unexplained ability of some fish to sustain locomotion with relatively little energy expenditure (Gray, 1957; Schmidt-Nielsen, 1972). In this study we measured the pressure on the body surface of swimming bluefish, and we speculate as to the physiological implications of the pressures which were found.