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2 results on '"G protein-coupled receptors"'

1. Expression of Bitter Taste Receptors in Human Bronchial airways Smooth Muscle Cells by using Immunofluorescence Staining

Author

Noorulhuda Fakhri Alaubadie

Abstract

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs) have been identified as one of the serious, public health concerns in the world, which results due to the host as well as the environmental factors. Based on the WHO, this disease will be the 3rdkiller disease worldwide by the year of 2020 following the cancer and heart disease. Concerning the asthma, there have been 389,000,000 individuals worldwide, afflicted by COPD and Asthma. Moreover, there has been a noticeable increase in the asthmatic incidences in the young adults and children by 4% to 5% yearly worldwide. Those two illnesses are fundamental global morbidity and mortality reasons, particularly in the patients that respond poorly to the current treatments. Which is why, there are unmet needs to come up with innovative therapies for the COPD as well as the asthma patients. Bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) are part of the family of the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). It was theorized previously that the TAS2R only expression on the tongue’s taste buds. The family of the TAS2R includes over 25 different subtypes of the receptors in the humans. Lately, a number of the researches showed that the TAS2R could be representing a new treatment target of the lung diseases. The TAS2R has been expressed in the human air-way smooth muscles (ASMs). It should be noted that TAS2Ractivation by the saccharin and chloroquine results in the induction of air-way relaxation. More significantly, bronchodilatory effects that result from the TAS2R agonists has been found greater compared to the β2 adrenergic receptor agonists, the basic bronchodilator medications in treating asthma. the bronchial airway smooth muscle (BASM) cells have been cultured from COPD (n=3), asthmatic (n=3), and healthy (n=3) individuals. The Immuno-fluorescence staining (with and with no permeabilize cells) have been conducted on 3 groups with the use of the poly-clonal anti-bodies against the (TAS2R10 as well as the TAS2R14) receptors. The immuno-fluorescence assays had shown that the TAS2R10 and TAR2R14 had shown a positive staining of the two receptors in the human ASM cells. It has been discovered as well that those two receptors have been expressed as well in nucleus.

Published
1970

2. Cytomegaloviruses

Author

James K. McDougall and James K. McDougall

Subjects
Cytomegaloviruses, Rinderpest virus, Lumpy skin disease virus
Abstract

Named for the enlarged, inclusion-bearing cells characteristic of infection by these viruses, cytomegaloviruses present a significant challenge to both microbiologist and immunologist. Although most primary infections in humans are subclinical, cytomegalovirus can be associated with a wide spectrum of disease, particularly when infection occurs in the immuno­ compromised individual or as a result of congenital or perinatal infection. Although reinfection with cytomegalovirus has been demonstrated, most recurrent and persistent infections result from the reactivation of latent virus. Cytomegaloviruses, like other members of the Herpesviridae family, have the capacity to establish latency after a primary infection but the mechanisms for establishing the nonreplicating but reactivat­ able state have not been defined. The factors responsible for the spectrum of manifestations of cytomegalovirus infection are largely undetermined but host immunological function, route of infection, and size of inoculum all contribute to the extent and severity of disease. Cytomegaloviruses have the largest genomes in the herpes­ virus family, approximately 240 kilo base pairs, providing a potential coding capacity for more than 200 proteins of which less than one-fourth have been mapped and described. There are many similarities to other herpes viruses in genome structure and gene expression; for example, three temporal classes of genes can be identified as rx (immediate-early), f3 (early), and y (late) products. The first five chapters of this volume review and describe recent developments in understanding the trans­ cription and regulation of these gene classes.

Published
1968

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