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Key words: SLE; cutaneous; ChittagongDOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v21i1.7668 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2010: 21(1):34-39

Clinicians continue to face the challenges of identifying and treating the idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy to improve symptoms and survival. A study on idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy was done in the Department of Cardiology, University Cardiac Center, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from January 2004 to December 2009. The aim of this study was to examine clinical profile of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. The age range was 18 to 65 years and 70% subjects were male. Most common symptom was dyspnea (86%) and cough (75%). 75% subjects had sinus tachycardia, 42% had ventricular ectopics and 40% had left bundle branch block. Mean diastolic dimension was 60±9 mm, ejection fraction was 28±8%, left atrial dimension was 40±6 mm and 36% were having mitral regurgitation. Left ventricular failure (75%) and various type of arrhythmias (62%) were the main complications. 8% subjects were died during hospital stay. Hence the clinical presentation of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy varies from patient to patient, but most patients present later, i.e. at some point in the spectrum of heart failure. Key words: Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; left ventricular failure; ventricular ectopics. DOI: 10.3329/uhj.v6i1.7182University Heart Journal Vol.6(1) 2010 pp.9-12

Mollaret's meningitis is defined as a benign recurrent aseptic meningitis characterized by three to ten episodes of fever and signs of meningeal irritation lasting between 2 to 5 days, associated with spontaneous recovery. Mollaret in 1944 described this rare form of self limiting aseptic recurrent benign meningitis. It is an extremely rare condition. Till 2002 approximately 50 cases of recurrent HSV meningitis have been described in the United States and in Europe. Here a report of a patient with recurrent meningitis, which resembles the criteria of Mollaret's Meningitis, is presented. doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i1.3489 TAJ 2004; 17(1) : 41-46

Background: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) reflects left ventricular pressure. It increases in systolic dysfunction. Our aim was to evaluate role of plasma BNP level in early diagnosis of left ventricular isolated diastolic dysfunction. Methods: We studied 60 patients (male=18, female=42) with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, dyslipidemia. The Doppler parameters used for evaluation of diastolic dysfunction are: isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), Transmitral flow velocities (E/A) ratio, deceleration time (DT) & pulmonary vein Doppler findings. 49 patients (group-1) had diastolic dysfunction whereas 11 patients (group-2) had normal flow patterns. Plasma BNP level was done in all patients. Results: Mean plasma BNP levels were 40.41±6.82 pg/ml in individuals with normal filling patterns and 183.36±25.28 pg/ml in subjects with abnormal diastolic dysfunction (p

Gigantism came from Greek word ‘Giant'. Pathologically, this condition results from the actions of excessive growth hormone (GH) secretion from the pituitary gland during childhood and adolescent before the closure of epiphyseal growth plates. When the height of an individual is several standard deviations above the mean value for the same age, sex, and ethnicity, the condition is known as gigantism. Pituitary gigantism is extremely rare. If hypersecretion of growth hormone occurs after closure of epiphyseal growth plates the resulting condition is acromegaly. Most patients with gigantism also have features of acromegaly.  doi:10.3329/jom.v10i1.1999 J Medicine 2009; 10: 22-24

The relationship between the paleocurrent pattern and the paleoslope in several continental and marine environments has been reviewed. This relationship in shelf sediment is not adequately established, and appears to be more complex than is now understood. The paleocurrent pattern of the Mississippian Loyalhanna—Trough Creek Limestone (a shelf calcarenite) is presented here as a case study. The study shows that the sediment dispersal system and the current pattern are independent of the paleoslope, and that the vector orientation is polymodal. It is, however, argued that before a precise paleocurrent model for shelf carbonate is formulated, more investigation in recent and ancient rocks is necessary.

SummaryThe Pleistocene Gargaresh Calcarenite is a series of fossil dunes parallel to the Mediterranean coast of Tripoli; it is composed of medium-grained skeletal carbonate sand with abundant cross-stratification. Analyses of 321 azimuthal readings show that the distribution is bimodal with modes in the NE and the SE sectors. The distribution of modes indicates that the morphology and the orientation of eolian dunes were largely controlled by the then prevailing winds, and that the overall palaeowind pattern, although generally similar to the present-day system, might have undergone periodic changes due to Pleistocene climatic ups and downs.

The essential oil of Carum carvi L. seeds was screened for its antimicrobial activity against ten pathogenic bacteria and six phytopathogenic fungi. The essential oil showed promising inhibitory activity against all the test bacteria, even at 2 ìl/disc. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, 100-300 ppm) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC, 200-400 ppm) values of essential oil were determined. The antifungal screening of the essential oil showed 100% inhibition of radial mycelial growth of all the test fungi at 100 ppm. The MIC and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were found to vary from 50-300 ppm and 200-400 ppm respectively. The essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation from seeds of C. carvi was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). About 10 compounds had been identified in the seeds oils, accounting for more than 99.7% of the oils. The main components of the seeds oil were thymol (48.20%), o-cymene (19.29%), ϒ-terpinen (17.61%) and trimethylene dichloride (8.81%). Keywords: Antimicrobial activities; Carum carvi; Essential oil; GC-MS; ThymolDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i2.4867 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 2, December 2008, pp 85-89

A 45 years male beggar admitted to this hospital with a huge swelling of scrotum and penis and bipedal nonpitting edema. This swelling was gradually increasing which hampered his personal life. He was previously diagnosed as a case of filarial scrotum and penis. He took diethylcarbamazine (DEC) for 4 years. CFT for filaria was strongly positive but microfilariae in the blood were not detected even after provocative test. Total 15 kg of scrotal penile skin was removed and reconstructed by trunk skin flaps. DOI:10.3329/jbcps.v27i3.4297 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 173-176

Introduction: Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are serious problem of perinatology, occur in 8/1000 live birth. Approximately one third of these neonates require intervention in the first month of life. Clinical features of CHD vary according to type of lesion. Presence or absence of a murmur does not assure either the presence or absence of significant CHD. This study was conducted to determine the clinical and echocardiographic evaluation of neonate with heart murmur and contribution of neonatal examination especially presence or absence of cardiac murmur in the detection of CHD. Method: The study was carried out in Special Care Baby Unit of Dhaka Shishu Hospital during the period from January 2004 to December 2004. Neonates having heart murmur or when there were some clues to doubt CHD like cyanosis, respiratory distress, heart failure, persistent low partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2) in arterial blood gas analysis were underwent echocardiography. CHD were classified according to the structural defect with the echocardiographic findings. Results: Total 812 neonates were admitted during one year period. Heart murmurs were found in 33 cases. Out of 33 cases 15 (45.45%) had CHD confirmed by echocardiography. Another 7 neonates were found to have CHD without murmur after echocardiography. In total 22 (2.7%) neonates had CHD. Pattern of CHD were Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), Transposition of Great Arteries (TGA), Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and Complex cyanotic heart disease. Conclusion: Infant with CHD may present with or without murmur. Careful clinical examination is mandatory in the initial evaluation of neonates to identify CHD. The infant having suggestive features for CHD with or without murmur should undergone echocardiography, so that appropriate intervention and counseling can be done. Key words: neonates; murmur; CHD. DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v32i1.6008 Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2008; Vol.32(1): 17-20

A young boy of 18 years was admitted at department of Neurology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital with the complaints of progressive generalized hyper-pigmentation, gradual loss of vision, hearing impairment, abnormal behaviors and one episode of seizure. Examination finding revealed, abnormal behaviors, generalized hyper pigmentation of skin, oral mucosa, gum, tongue and palmer creases. He has diffuse hair loss, bilateral primary optic atrophy, bilateral sensoryneural deafness. All routine investigations revealed normal findings except, CSF protein were elevated, biochemical features (very high ACTH, low basal cortisol) of primary adrenal failure, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head showed bilateral symmetrical white matter abnormalities in parieto-occipital regions. The diagnosis of Adreno-leukodystrophy (ALD) was strongly suggested from the medical history, biochemical and radiological (MRI) findings of brain. The purpose of our report is to highlight this very rare nontreatable disease to all. A patient of neuropsychiatric symptoms with Addison's disease we must think about ALD, because it's progression can be delayed with early diagnosis and supportive treatments, it's incidence can be reduced by genetic counseling.Key words: Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD); Addison's disease; Very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA). DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i3.6514J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 189-192

Nineteen segregating lines of tomato were evaluated at the Horticulture Research Centre of BARI during winter season of 2008-2009 with a view to developing high yielding virus resistant varieties. Wide variation was observed among the lines in respect of number of fruits per plant (13.5-38.3), individual fruit weight (56.8-162.3g), fruit yield per plant (1.28-2.40 kg), and locule number of fruit (2.0-8.5). The highest number of fruits per plant was observed in the line 14-1-1-1-1, but its corresponding individual fruit weight was only 58.4g. The line 15-3-4-2-1 had the highest individual fruit weight (162.3g). The highest fruit yield was recorded from the line 15-3-4-2-1 (81.6 t/ha), which was closely followed by the line 15-1-2-2-1 (79.5 t/ha). Thirteen genotypes were found free from virus infection up to 60 days after transplanting, while the rest had very low (1.4 - 2.8%) virus incidence. Among the entries, considering yield and virus reaction, the lines, 8-1-3-4-1, 8-1-3-1-1, 8-1-3-2-2, 14-1-1-1-1, 15-3-4-2-1, 15- 1-2-2-1 and 15-1- 2-1-2 were selected for further evaluation and recommendation as varieties. Keywords: Segregating population; tomato. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i3.9278 BJAR 2011; 36(3): 507-512

An experiment was carried out during October 1999 to January 2000 in the field of Horticulture Department of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh with two chilli accessions viz, C-0277 and C-0272 of moisture stress tolerant and susceptible type. The chilli accessions were put into trial under field condition to observe the effects of different water treatments imposed at their vegetative, flowering, and fruiting stages of growth and development. Results of the experiment revealed that accession C-0277 was water stress tolerant compared to accession C-0272. Watering at 4-day interval significantly gave the highest yield and dry matter. While, watering imposed in fruiting stage produced the maximum yield and dry matter in chilli. Key Words: Chilli accessions, field condition, water stress, yield. doi:10.3329/bjar.v33i3.1594 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(3) : 353-362, September 2008

The prevalence of natural gastrointestinal nematodes was observed in cattle during the period from June, 2004 to May, 2005 in Sadar upazila of Mymensingh district. The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes was 84.1% (rainy seasons-97%, summer-85.5% and winter seasons-69.8%). The prevalence of strongyles ( Haemonchus sp., Trichostrongylus sp., Oesophagostomum sp. and Mecistocirrus sp.), Bunostomum sp., Strongyloides sp., Trichuris sp. and Capillaria sp. were 63.9%, 26.3%, 21.5%, 17.3% and 24.5%, respectively. Water extracts of 20 indigenous plants(neem, tobacco plant, barbados lilac, betel leaf, pineapple, jute, turmeric, garlic, devil's tree, papaya, lime tree, dodder, white teak, conessi tree, bitter gourd, sweet basil, white verticillia, pomegranate, sage, chaste tree) showed potential in vitro activities against adult parasites. Out of these, 20 plant extracts, 10 plants (neem, tobacco, barbados lilac, betel leaf, pineapple, jute, turmeric, garlic, dodder and bitter gourd) showed 100% efficacy against adult worms, 4 plants (devil's tree, papaya, white verticillia and chaste tree) showed 90-98% and others (lime tree, white teak, conessi tree, sweet basil, pomegranate and sage) showed below 90%. Keywords: Anthelmintic; Gastrointestinal nematodes; In vitro ; Prevalence; Medicinal plants DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i1.4799 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 57-61, 2009

Background: Pregnant ladies are most likely to develop relative iodine deficiency during pregnancy to affect thyroid function in our population unless specific dietary care or therapeutic iodine supplementation is taken into account which is yet to be materialized. Methods: In this cohort study sixty uncomplicated normal pregnant women were enrolled in 1st trimester and followed up till delivery. In every trimester maternal iodine status & thyroid status were determined by urinary iodine & serum thyroid hormone concentration respectively. Results: Women progressively become more iodine deficient & tends to be hypothyroid as pregnancy advances. At 3rd trimester of pregnancy maternal Urinary Iodine found to be negatively correlated with their serum TSH. Conclusion: During pregnancy women develop iodine deficiency which adversely affects the thyroid function. So adequate iodine monitoring and iodine nutrition during pregnancy is necessary. Keywords: Urinary iodine level, TSH, FT3, FT4. doi: 10.3329/jom.v10i2.2815 J MEDICINE 2009; 10 : 56-59

The River Buriganga is the life line of the Dhaka city and flanked in its southern side. The aerobic heterotrophic bacterial count of the River Buriganga was found to be in the range of 1.0 × 10 5 to 42.0 × 10 5 cfu/ml while enteric bacterial counts on SS agar and MacConkey agar were 0.1 × 10 4 to 39.0 × 10 4 cfu/ml and 0.3 × 10 3 to 3.5 × 10 4 cfu/ml samples, respectively. Out of 74 isolates, 5 Gram-positive (22%) and 18 Gram-negative (78%) bacteria were randomly selected for detailed study. Bacillus was the dominant among the Gram-positive bacteria. Eighteen Gram-negative enteric isolates belonged to the genera Enterobacter ( E. amnigenus and E. intermedium (44%), Alcaligenes (28%), Salmonella (17%), Escherichia (5.6%) and Plesiomonas ) (5.6%). The NO 3 -- N, NO 2 -- N and phosphorus concentrations were found to be below the safety level from pollution point of view. BOD and COD values along with the presence of different bacteria clearly indicated that the River Buriganga was polluted with the organic, chemical and bacterial pollutants. Key word s: Bacteria; Buriganga River; Enteric bacteria; Pollution; Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i1.5128 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38 (1): 87-91, 2009 (June)

Objectives: The study was done to find out the relationship between constipation and urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Methods: The study was a case control study between two groups in a tertiary care children hospital in Dhaka city. In group-1 (n=45) those children having history of constipation and in group-2 (n=78) as a control group having no history of constipation were included in this study. Growths of a single species of organism with colony count of >10 5 /ml in a clean-catch midstream single urine sample was considered as evidence of urinary tract infection. Results: Positive urine culture was found in 8.9% (4/45) cases in children who had history of constipation and 1.3% (1/78) in children who had no history of constipation. Though the number of positive urine culture was seven times more in children with constipation than those who were not constipated but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.059) . Conclusion: Culture documented UTI in children with constipation is seven times more than without constipation showing impact of constipation on urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Key words: Urinary tract infection (UTI); constipation. DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v34i1.5697 Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2010; Vol.34(1): 17-20

Context: Blood transfusion is a life saving procedure. Transfusion of one unit of blood, plasma or platelet if employed safely, well in time with proper intensive care can save many valuable lives. But due to transfusion a number of untoward reactions develop that are sometimes more serious and life threatening So the aim of this study was to find out the most frequent and life threatening reactions that develop during transfusion. Methods: In between January'2006 to December'2007 a total 120 subjects, mean aged 25.9 ±13.9 years were selected as study population in BSMMU. Those who were receiving transfusion for congenital hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, refractory anaemia, undiagnosed anaemia, anaemia of chronic disease, hematological malignancy, post chemotherapy, clotting factor deficiency, pre and post operatively as well as during operation. The transfusion unit was single unit to 100 unit of fresh whole blood or its component- red cell concentrate, fresh frozen plasma, platelet concentrate, cryoprecipitate. Results: There were 8 (6.66%) patients showed reactions of different types. Among them febrile reaction was 5 (62.5%), allergic reaction was 2 (25%) and 1 (12.5%) developed pulmonary congestion (Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury), characterized by cough, shortness of breath and increase rate of respiration. No fatal reaction observed during the study period. Key words: Transfusion reaction; Febrile reaction; Allergic reaction. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v17i2.6585 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2008; 17(2) : 67-71

Key words: orthoses; lower limb; disabilitydoi: 10.3329/jcmcta.v19i1.3850Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2008: 19(1):33-36

Snake bite is a serious global health problem. Incidence is high in Bangladesh and mortality is identified to be one of the highest in the world. Most bites are occurred by nonpoisonous snakes and as many as 40% bites inflicted by venomous snakes do not produce features of envenoming. They need supportive treatment only. Poisonous bites are treated with antivenin. But most people apply tight tourniquet and take useless and harmful treatment from traditional healers before getting admitted in hospital. Delay in diagnosis and treatment causes fatality in many cases. 46 patients admitted in department of Medicine, MMCH from April,07 to March,08 with snake bites were studied. Among them 35% were poisonous and 65% were nonpoisonous bites. Male and female ratio was 3.6:1. Mean age (years) was 34.9 ± 16.2 SD. Mean time of interval between bite and hospitalization (hours) was 7.8 ± 9.5 SD. 94% bites occurred in land and 7% in water. 100% patients applied multiple tourniquets in the affected limb. 24% patients received treatment from traditional healers with development of cellulitis in 64% of them. None received proper first aid management. Most incidences were in July - August. Snakes could not be identified in 50% poisonous and 77% non-poisonous cases. Among the identified poisonous snakes, kraits were 84%. Clinical features were also suggestive of krait bite in 88% poisonous cases. Among poisonous cases, 94% presented with neurological manifestation and ptosis was present in all of them. 75% poisonous snake-bite patients received antivenin and none of them developed anaphylaxis. Among 4 poisonous snake bite patients who did not receive antivenin, 2 survived. Mortality in poisonous cases was 44%. All of the non-poisonous cases improved with supportive treatment. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v27i2.4249 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2009; 27: 70-75

Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in the pelagic water of Gulshan-Baridhara Lake were determined. The samples were collected from ten different spots in summer (April, 2007) and monsoon (August, 2007) seasons. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb in the lake water varied from 0.068 - 0.091, 0.048 - 0.225, 0 - 6.135, 0 - 0.062 and 0.023 - 0.067 mg/l during the summer season, respec-tively. Mean values of the samples collected from mid points for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb of ten stations in summer were 0.083, 0.100, 2.336, 0.074, and 0.046 mg/l, respectively. In monsoon the concentration of above mentioned heavy metals varied from 0.016 - 0.019 mg Cd/l, 0.005 - 0.035 mg Cr/l, 0.002 - 0.018 mg Cu/l, 0.007 - 0.159 mg Ni/l, and 0.052 - 0.151 mg Pb/l. Mean values of these heavy metals in monsoon were 0.018, 0.018, 0.011, 0.037 and 0.093, mg/l, respectively. The depletion factor was less than unity for Pb and exceptionally high for Cu. Finally the study revealed that among the heavy metals only Pb concentration exceeded the standard level during the monsoon, otherwise concentrations of all other four heavy metals (viz. Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni) exceeded the standard level of drinking-, fishing- and surface water as set up by WHO, GOB, USEPA, DOE and FWPCA, for the summer period. Key words: Status; Heavy metals; Contamination; Gulshan-Baridhara Lake DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v19i1.8944 DUJBS 2010; 19(1): 53-61

Elevation and repair of an open depressed skull fracture is often thought of as an emergency procedure. Common indications for emergency elevation of a depressed skull fracture have been dural tear, seizure, gross contamination or mass effect from bone or a sizable underlying intracerebral hematoma. Over a 18 months period 93 patients with depressed skull fracture were admitted in the Neurosurgery ward of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH) from July 2007 to December 2008 among which 67 patients needed surgical treatment. In 7 patients fracture crossed the midline over the superior sagittal sinus. Pre-operative GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) score ranged from 5-15. Focal neurological deficit were present in 28 cases. Operations done were elevation of depressed fragments, repair of dural tear and hemostasis of sinus injury by gel-foam. No sinus injury required repair. Complete neurological recovery occurred in 21 cases. No death was recorded. One patient developed postoperative meningitis and controlled by parenteral antibiotics. One patient developed major wound infection including osteomyelitis but not intracranial infection. This patient had skin loss which was later closed by rotation flap of scalp operation. Seven patients had minor wound infection. One patient developed pseudomeningocele. doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i2.3794 TAJ 2008; 21(2): 140-146

Normal 0 MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} A study was conducted to investigate the role of dietary fatty acids (such as palm oil and soybean oil) on body weight and the level of serum cholesterol in goat in the Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Three equal groups of goats were structured as control (n = 5), palm oil (n = 5) and soybean oil (n = 5) group and fed with normal feed, palm oil (@ 25g)and soybean oil (@ 25g) mixed feed twice a week for 2 months respectively. It was observed that the serum cholesterol of palm oil and soybean oil treated groups decreased significantly (p

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of death from global point of view. The identification of subjects at risk of developing CAD is an important public health issue1. Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause in more than half of the patients with CAD2. Dyslipidemia is the corner stone of atherosclerotic process. Commonly serum total cholesterol ( TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) are used for identification of person at risk of CAD. However serum TC can not discriminate well between individuals developing CAD and those who does not; since the TC as a whole without its functional breakup to atherogenic and antiatherogenic potential is a poor indicator of the atherosclerotic scenario3. Traditionally serum LDL-C and HDL-C are regarded as the marker of atherogenic and antiatherogenic measure respectively, but it is not infrequent for an individual to develop CAD with traditional lipid profile well within desired level, because LDL-C and HDL-C are not the complete representation of atherogenic and antiatherogenic lipoprotein .Important atherogenic lipoprotein are chylomicron (CM), chylomicron ramnant (CMR), very low density lipoprotein(VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and lipoprotein(a) [LP(a)]; all of which contain apoB. Although HDL is treated as antiatherogenic but the different subtypes of HDL have different degree of antiatherogenic potential; some subtype believed to be rather atherogenic and all subtypes do not containing apoA1.It is claimed that HDL contain apoA1 are antiatherogenic since apoA1 stimulate LCAT and thus help in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) by facilitating HDL maturation. HDL containing apo-AII counter act the RCT since apo-AII inhibit the LCAT. So the antiatherogenecity of HDL1 which has no apoA1 (contain only apoE) and that of other HDL subtypes with apoAII is doubtful. So HDL-C cannot represent complete antiatherogenic potential of HDL4.

Chemical and biological features of Buragauranga river estuary stretching about eight kilometers beside Rangabali of Galachipa Upozilla, Patuakhali district, Bangladesh showed that the water of the estuary was moderately alkaline (pH 7.8 - 8.21). Conductivity had moderate to very strong and perfect significant correlations (at 5% level) with the chemical variables. Magnesium was found to have very strong relationship with different fractions of hardness whereas Ca had moderate correlation. The phytoplankton community was represented by 10 genera belonging to Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Bacilariophyceae. Bacillariophyceae was the dominant algal class (8 genera, 80%). Trachelomonas sp. of Euglenophyceae was present in all the 12 sampling units of 3 locations indicating its dominancy and capacity to tolerate habitat fluctuations. Location 2 showed higher generic diversity than the other two locations. Principal component analysis showed that Trachelomonas sp. has negative significant correlation with principal component one i.e. Mg, K, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand and salinity have negative effect on the distribution of Trachelomonas sp. whereas these variables have positive effects on Coscinodiscus sp. Key words: Phytoplankton standing crop; Diversity; Estuary; Chemical environment; Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v39i2.7300 Bangladesh J. Bot. 39(2): 143-151, 2010 (December)

Repeatability for seminal traits and their phenotypic relationships with testes measurements and performance traits in Black Bengal bucks were estimated from a total of 116 repeated observations on 15 young Black Bengal bucks. Performance traits included age, body condition and body weight of bucks. Testes measurements were testes length, breadth and volume, and scrotal circumference, while seminal traits were ejaculate volume, semen density, mass activity, sperm motility, sperm concentration, total sperm per ejaculation and percent of normal sperm. High positive correlations (ranging from 0.81 to 0.90) were found between body weight and testes measurements. Semen volume and percent of normal sperm were positively correlated with age, body condition and body weight of bucks (ranging from 0.24 to 0.60). The testes measurements were strongly and positively correlated with semen volume and total sperm per ejaculation (ranging from 0.53 to 0.61), while the correlations between testes measurement and percent of normal sperm were moderate (ranging from 0.34 to 0.44). Among seminal traits, strong correlations were found between semen volume and total sperm per ejaculation (0.81) and, between mass activity and sperm motility (0.82). Repeatability of ejaculate volume was higher (r = 0.78) which indicated that selection or culling for semen ejaculate volume could be practiced from single or few observations. It could be concluded that bucks’ age, body weight and body condition along with testes volume should be considered as selection criteria for improving semen quality and semen production of breeding bucks. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i2.9879 BJAS 2008; 37(2): 34-41

An investigation was undertaken with a view to observing the performance of newly developed summer tomato hybrids during May 2008 to September 2008 at experimental field of Horticulture Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur. Number of fruits per plant, individual fruit weight, fruit size, etc. was significantly higher when the plants were treated with hormone. Fruit yield per plant was quite high in the hormone treated plant (1.57 kg) compared to untreated plants (0.90 kg). In general, all the hybrids performed better when treated with hormone in respect of yield compared to their corresponding untreated plants. The hybrid WP7 × C- 51 had the highest individual fruit weight (56.0 g) Among the hybrids, HT019 × WP10 had the highest fruit yield per plant (1.87 kg) closely followed by C-11 × WP10 (1.81 kg) when the plants were treated with hormone. The untreated plants of the hybrid lines C-41 × WP8, HT019 × WP10 and C-41 × WP10 produced more than 1.0 kg of fruits per plant. This indicates that there is bright scope of tomato production during summer through with and without hormone application, though application of hormone had positive effect on tomato yield. Keywords: Heat tolerant tomato hybrids; rainy season. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i2.9243 BJAR 2011; 36(2): 189-196

To find out the route of the transmission of HBV in asymptomatic carrier and build up awareness against the transmission of HBV. It was a prospective study in the Dept. of Medicine (IPD & OPD) and Transfusion Medicine in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital from June 2005 to July 2007. 300 asymptomatic carriers of HBV were included. HBsAg was detected incidentally during routine screening tests done for blood donation programme, foreign mission and courses abroad. All the HBsAg positive patients were confirmed by doing HBsAg (ELISA) tests after 6 months. All were positive. Among 300 asymptomatic carriers male 270 and female 30. Age between 15 to 35 yrs. HBeAg positive only in 15 patients. ALT above 60 U/L in 17 patients, HBV-DNA (PCR) detectable in 15 patients, coarse liver echotexture in 20 patients, Oesophageal Varix small size in 02 patients. Serum Albumin, PT, AFP all were normal range. Screening of all the family members of the carriers was done. Among the 300 index cases 130 (43.33%) family members most likely mother,father, brother, sister or cousin were HBVmarkers positive. Liver related death was present in 50 families (16.66%} HBV transmission is preventable. Mass education is required about the transmission of HBV. Screening of HBV should be mandatory in all pregnant women. Bangladesh Government has integrated the HBV vaccination in EPI. DOI: 10.3329/taj.v22i1.5027 TAJ 2009; 22(1): 97-100

A field trial was conducted to determine the nutrient uptake, harvest and addition by different crops under jute included and jute excluded cropping sequences. The crops were potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), jute (Corchorus olitorius L.), broadcast aus rice and transplanted aman rice (Oryza sativa L.). The soil of the experimental site represents Melandha soil series under noncalcareous brown floodplain soil (General Soil Type) which belongs to Agro Ecological Zone No. 8 (Young Brahmaputra and Jumuna Floodplain). Experiment was conducted with potato as base crop in rabi season for three consecutive years in the same field. The treatments (cropping patterns) were Potato - Jute - T. aman, Potato - B. aus - T. aman, Potato - Fallow - T. aman, and Fallow - Jute - T. aman. Jute plant harvested the lowest amount of nutrients and added back the highest amount to the soil. Contributions to the additions of nutrients by crops followed the following sequence: for nitrogen jute > B. aus > T. aman > potato; for phosphorus jute > T. aman > B. aus > potato; for potassium jute > B. aus > T.aman > potato, and for sulphur jute > B. aus > T. aman > potato.Key words: Nutrient uptake; Harvest; Addition; Cropping sequenceDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v20i1.8874Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 20(1): 81-89, 2011 (January)

Life table of Tetranychus urticae and Phytoseiulus persimilis on bean leaflets were studied under laboratory conditions in three seasons. For T. urticae the development time from egg to adult varied from 7 to 24 days and the highest immature mortality was 78.70 % in winter. Eggs laid by females were 88.1 eggs in autumn and 70.6 eggs in summer season. The gross reproductive rate (GRR) was the highest (65.51) in autumn and 52.50 in summer. The net reproductive rate ( R o ) was the highest (15.862) in autumn and 8.916 in summer. The intrinsic rates of increase ( r m ) and finite capacity for increase (λ) reached maximal values (0.1873 and 1.206) in autumn, whereas minimal values (0.056 and 1.058) were in winter season. The mean generation time (T) was the shortest in summer and double (3.701) days in autumn. The development time of P. persimilis from egg to adult varied from 5 to 14 days. The highest immature mortality was 60% in summer. Eggs laid by females were 39.4 eggs in autumn and 30.2 eggs in summer. The gross reproductive rate (GRR) was the highest (31.4) in autumn and 24.0 in summer. The net reproductive rate ( R o ) was the highest (10.573) in autumn and 8.460 in winter. The intrinsic rates of increase ( r m ) and finite capacity for increase (λ) reached maximal values (0.1823 and 1.200) in summer, whereas minimal values (0.1025 and 1.108) were in winter. The mean generation time (T) was the shortest in summer. The results suggested that P. persimilis could develop and reproduce within a wide range of temperatures. Key words : Tetranychus urticae, Phytoseiulus persimilis, immature mortality, intrinsic rates of increase, reproductive rate, Survival DOI:10.3329/jbs.v16i0.3733 J. bio-sci. 16: 1-10, 2008

In this paper, the design and construction of a cascade impactor for reducing particulate emission from a diesel engine exhaust has been presented and experiments have been carried out to determine its collection efficiency. The cascade impactor designed in this work consists of four stages having successive decreasing nozzle diameter so as to capture successive smaller diameter particles in the stages. The successive nozzle diameters (D) were selected 2.1cm, 1.7cm, 1.3cm and 0.9cm. Also the distances between nozzle and impaction plate (S) were taken as 2.1cm, 1.4cm, 0.9cm and 0.45cm respectively so that S/D for succeeding stages becomes 1, 0.82, 0.7 and 0.5 respectively. In this investigation, collection efficiency of the cascade impactor based on different engine operating conditions has been determined. Effect of fitting the cascade impactor to engine exhaust on different engine parameters and engine emissions were also found out. At a constant speed of 1000 rpm, a maximum collection efficiency of about 85% of the impactor was obtained at a load of 6kg. A slight decrease in brake thermal efficiency of the engine with the cascade impactor was also noticed. However, by fitting the cascade impactor to the engine, CO and NOx emissions were found to decrease. Keywords: Real impactor, cascade impactor, Reynolds number, Stokes number, collection efficiency. doi:10.3329/jme.v39i1.1830 Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. ME39, No. 1, June 2008 26-29

The use of biodiesel is rapidly expanding around the world, making it imperative to fully understand the impacts of biodiesel on the diesel engine combustion process and pollutant formation. Biodiesel is known as "the mono alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable lipid feedstock, such as vegetable oils or animal fats, for use in compression ignition (diesel) engines." Biodiesel was made by transesterification from linseed oil. In aspect of Bangladesh linseed can play an important role in the production of alternative diesel fuel. The climatic and soil condition of our country is convenient for the production of linseed (Linum Usitatissimum) crop. In the first phase of this work optimization of different parameters for biodiesel production were investigated. In the second phase the performance study of a diesel engine with diesel biodiesel blends were carried out. The results showed that with the variation of catalyst, methanol and reaction time; variation of biodiesel production was realized. About 88% biodiesel production was experienced with 20% methanol, 0.5% NaOH catalyst and at 550C. The results also showed that when compared with neat diesel fuel, biodiesel gives almost similar thermal efficiency, lower carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) while slightly higher nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission was experienced. Keywords: Biodiesel, linseed oil, catalyst, alcohol and diesel emissions. doi:10.3329/jme.v39i1.1832 Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. ME39, No. 1, June 2008 40-44

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now the gold standard technique for the treatment of gallstones disease. Although pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is less intense than after open cholecystectomy, some patients still experience considerable discomfort during the first 24 to 72 postoperative hours. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal and port site instillation of local anaesthetics on pain relief in early postoperative period following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Fifty patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were consecutively included in this study and sample was divided into two groups. Following removal of gallbladder, Group A received 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine instilled in the right sub diaphragmatic space and 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine in divided doses at the trocar sites. The evaluation of postoperative pain was done at fixed time interval according to the numerical verbal scale and the dosage of narcotic analgesics consumed was also recorded. Mean pain scores at 6 hours and at 12 hours after surgery were 6.02 and 4.72 respectively, in the bupivacaine group compared with 8.44 and 6.08 respectively in the control group (p=

Mitral stenosis (MS) occurs nearly exclusively as a consequence of rheumatic fever. The rheumatic process evokes the inflammatory changes in the valve endothelium resulting in narrowing of the orifice. Depending upon the severity of the disease, the treatment modality varies and the choice may be either Percutaneous transluminal mitral commissurotomy (PTMC), Closed mitral commissurotomy (CMC), Open mitral commissurotomy or valvuloplasty (OMC) or straight a way mitral valve replacement (MVR) procedure. In this observational study the results of 25 CMC operations done from February ‘09 through September ’09 is presented. A review of results of CMC operations done abroad is also presented. The outcome of this low cost operation for early cases of mitral stenosis is quite satisfactory.Keyword: Rheumatic valvular disease; Closed mitral commissurotomy; immediate outcome DOI: 10.3329/uhj.v6i2.7249University Heart Journal Vol. 6, No. 2, July 2010 pp.78-81

This study examined the effect of deforestation on the soil properties (physico-chemical and bacterial) of the Sal ( Shorea robusta Roxb. Ex Gaertn.) forests in Bangladesh. Physico-chemical properties and the bacterial colony counts of soil were studied by comparing a natural Sal forest site with deforested and planted with Menjium site , deforested and planted with Mahogoni site, as well as deforested but not planted but covered with profuse growth of Axonopus compressus grass species site. Moisture content was significantly lower in the deforested and planted with Menjium site and deforested and planted with Mahogoni site than the natural forest site and the deforested but not planted site. Total organic carbon, total nitrogen and available nitrogen contents were significantly lower in the natural forest site. Significantly higher number of bacterial colony and higher organic carbon and moisture contents were found in the deforested but not planted site indicating that both organic carbon and moisture content were important for microbial growth. The present study clearly showed that deforestation significantly altered the soil physico-chemical and bacterial communities of the Sal forests. It was also revealed that plantation with different exotic plants were found to be different in influencing soil properties. Key words: Bacterial colony; Deforestation effects; Sal forest; Soil physico-chemical properties DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v19i1.8945 DUJBS 2010; 19(1): 63-72

Background: Diclofenac sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with reportedly undesirable harmful side effects including blood disorders, abdominal pain, ulceration and bleeding of the stomach or intestine. Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of diclofenac sodium on erythropoiesis, on stomach and liver under different conditions. Method: This experimental study on animal model was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, between July and August 2007. A total of 45 Swiss Albino mice were randomly assigned into five equal groups (n=9) and they all were fed with standard broiler pellet (25 gm/mice/day) throughout the experimental period of 40 days. Keeping 1 group as control(groupA), 4 groups were treated with diclofenac sodium @ 3 mg/kg body weight (bwt) orally in empty (group B)or full stomach with (group c) or without vitamin B12 (group D) @ 10 μg/Kg body weight through intramuscular route. Total erythrocyte count (TEC) and Hb% was determined to assess erythropoiesis. Macroscopic and microscopic changes of liver and stomach were studied by standard laboratory method. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and un paired t test. Result: Oral administration of this drug significantly (p

Hyperhomocysteinemia has been reported among the women of south Asian countries including Bangladesh. It affects fetal development through intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and is one of the important issues associated with low birth weight (LBW) of newborns. If its association with IUGR can be established, then maternal serum Hcy could help diagnose IUGR cases and ultimately provide scope for prevention and treatment of the cases by supplementation of B-vitamins and folic acid. In this case control study, 80 pregnant women were enrolled, of which 30 were IUGR cases while 50 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) pregnancies worked as control. Maternal Hcy at 3rd trimester of all the subjects were measured and its effects on neonatal size were analyzed. The maternal Hcy of the IUGR cases was significantly higher than the control. The babies born to IUGR cases had a significantly lower birth weight, lower height and lower OFC compared to the babies born to control mothers. Weight, length and OFC of the newborns showed significant inverse correlation with maternal Hcy. Hyperhomocysteinemia was found to be a significant risk factor for LBW (OR 5.23, 95% CI 1.92-14.23), short stature (OR 2.19, CI 0.792-6.06 ) and low OFC (OR 3.04, CI 1.15-8.04) of the newborns. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2009; 3(1): 13-16 Keywords: Homocysteine, intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight, pregnancy. doi: 10.3329/imcj.v3i1.2912

Background: Different laser types have been used for the treatment of hypertrophied inferior nasal turbinates. The clinical experiences of its treatment by means of a diode laser are presented. Methods: A total of 45 patients suffering from nasal obstruction due to hypertrophied inferior turbinates (HIT) were treated with a continuous diode laser (14 W- 940 nm) in "contact" mode and under local anesthesia. Thirty patients (16 with allergic rhinitis and 14 with vasomotor rhinitis) were included into this clinical trial with a follow-up of 6 months. The study was conducted by a questionnaire, photo documentation, conventional radiology of the paranasal sinuses, and histology. Results: The mean operation time took 8 min/turbinate, no nasal packing was necessary and no immediate complications (e.g., bleeding) were observed. Statistical analysis revealed significant subjective improvement (86%) of the nasal airflow and nasal cavity volume (photo documentation) 6 months after laser surgery. In addition, complete relief of headache was achieved in 32%. The remission rates of persistent rhinorrhoea and post-nasal dripping were, at about 88% and 64%, respectively. Atrophic change and synechiae had not been observed. Conclusions: Diode laser treatment of HIT is a useful procedure, which can be performed as an outpatient surgery under local anesthesia, resulting in a controlled coagulation and ablation of the soft tissue. The short operation time and the good results provide an excellent patient acceptance. Key words: Diode Laser; Hypertrophied Inferior Turbinate; Turbinoplasty. DOI: 10.3329/bjo.v16i1.5778 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2010; 16(1): 29-34

Transfusion of blood and blood components, as a specialized modality of patient management, saves millions of lives worldwide. Transfusion Medicine is an integral and indispensable part of the healthcare system now. This topic that has been selected is intended to assist the transfusion physician or other specialist physician in acquiring the sense of responsibility for transfusion services. The section includes best practices in handling and administering blood for transfusion, blood management, risks (infectious and non-infectious diseases) of blood components. This topic has been intended to serve in a manner that this little supplement on the state-of-the-practice will facilitate safe patient transfusions, when transfusions are indicated, or minimize or avoid transfusions as appropriate in institutions of all sizes. The 'four principles' approach - autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice - offers a common, basic moral analytical framework and a common, basic moral language to think about ethical issues in any field of health care services.Key words: Transfusion medicine; blood transfusion services; safe blood transfusion; voluntary blood donation; ethical issues. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v19i2.7087J Dhaka Med Coll. 2010; 19(2) : 144-149

This was a hospital based study done to see the demographic profile of patients with metabolic syndrome in Bangladesh. A total of 334 patients attending in medicine OPD BSMMU were included in this study. According to modified NCEP ATP III criteria 27.2% of subjects aged ≥ 20 years had the metabolic syndrome and it was more commonly seen in women than in men (32.4% vs 21.7%). The metabolic syndrome increased with age in both sexes (40-49 years age groups 24.2% to 50-59 years age groups 35.2%). The metabolic syndrome was also significantly associated with postmenopausal period, family income, leisure time exercise (

Background: Non-HDL cholesterol is a potential newer risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases (CVD). Objective: To explore the association of non-HDL cholesterol with cerebrovascular disease. Methods: This case control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, BSMMU, Dhaka during the period of January to December 2007 to evaluate the association of non-HDL cholesterol with CVD in Bangladeshi population. A total number of 135 subjects of both sexes were grouped as Group-I (CVD cases) and Group-II (Healthy controls). Group-I include 85 cases of which 59 were ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases (ICVD) and 26 were haemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases (HCVD). By taking the history and doing clinical examination and laboratory investigations, diabetes mellitus, malignant disease, renal disease, liver disease and diuretic medication were excluded from study subjects. Serum non-HDL cholesterol was measured in all study subjects. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS for windows version 12.0. Mean values of the findings were compared between groups. One way ANOVA test and multiple comparison (Bonferroni‘t’) test were used to see the level of significance. Results: Serum non-HDL cholesterol found significantly increased in CVD, ICVD and HCVD cases in comparison to control subjects. But ICVD and HCVD cases did not differ with respect to serum non-HDLcholesterol. Conclusion: The result shows that elevated non-HDL cholesterol is associated with CVD. Prospective study with large sample size is required to evaluate the elevated Non-HDL cholesterol as a risk factor of CVD. Key words: Non-HDL cholesterol; Cerebrovascular disease; Ischaemic cerebrovascular disease; Haemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i3.6469 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.3 July 2010, pp.143-149

After introduction of EMG at Dhaka Medical Collage on January 01, 2006, a total of 415 cases referred to EMG laboratory for electrophysiological evaluation over a period of two years (January 01, 2006 to December 31, 2007). Among these, 7 cases diagnosed as iatrogenic nerve injuries. The subtypes of iatrogenic nerve injuries were: 1. Accessory nerve injury: three, 2. Femoral nerve injury: one, 3. Sciatic nerve injury: one, 4. Lumbar sacral plexus injury: one, 5. Combined sciatic and femoral nerve injury: one In order to investigate the causes, diagnosis & prevention of iatrogenic nerve injuries; we have reviewed 7 cases of iatrogenic nerve injuries. The peripheral nerve injuries occurred due to lack of proper awareness of medical personals. These injuries are iatrogenic injuries so it is useful to review the mode of injuries and means of prevention. DOI: 10.3329/jbcps.v28i2.5373 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2010; 28: 121-124

Background and Objectives: Diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia is mostly established retrospectively. But it is difficult to diagnose perinatal asphyxia retrospectively in the absence of perinatal records. As because of hypoxaemia, different organ systems of the body are affected in perinatal asphyxia, this study was done to assess the hepatic function for the diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia and to find out any correlation existing between hepatic enzyme change and the severity of perinatal asphyxia. Methods: A total of 70 full-term asphyxiated newborns (study group) were studied during January 2008 to December 2008 in the department of Paediatrics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. After enrolment these babies were grouped according to Sarnat and Sarnat stages of HIE as stage I, II and III. Another 50 healthy newborns were also studied as reference group. Venous blood was analyzed between 2nd and 5th day of life to estimate serum AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum total bilirubin (STB), serum total protein (STP), serum albumin and prothrombin time (PT). Unpaired student’s 't' test and Spearman's rank correlation was used for data analysis and P value of

Key words: Tamsulosin; Terazosin; IPSS; Qmax; PVR DOI: 10.3329/jcmcta.v20i1.4933 Journal of Chittagong Medical College Teachers' Association 2009: 20(1):34-40

This study investigates air entrainment through free surface both in vertical circular plunging jets and plunging breakers. Three scale modesldata of void fraction for identical froude numbers measured by Hoque and Chanson et al. have been used to investigate the scale effects. The results highlight the significant scale effects when the weber number is less than 1000 in vertical circular plunging jets, whereas it may be significant in the laboratory when the wave height is less than 0.30 m. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 41(3-4), 207-218, 2006

Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are common obstetrical problem causing adverse effects on pregnancy outcome. Large bodies of evidences suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia is a causal factor of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. This study designed to explore the association between hyperhomocysteinemia and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, the knowledge of which expected to be used for prevention of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. In a case-control study serum homocysteine was measured in 136 controls (healthy pregnant), 84 pre-eclamptic and 120 eclamptic pregnant women. Serum homocysteine in patients with pre-eclampsia (9.54 ± 3.21 µmol/L) and eclampsia (10.57 ± 3.39 µmol/L) found to be significantly increased compared to controls (6.86 ± 2.47 µmol/L)(p