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A new series of inorganic-organic high polymers have been synthesized namely; the metaloxene polymers of phenolaldehyde. Titanium (IV), Zirconium (IV) and Hafnium (IV) phenolaldehyde have been prepared and other metals especially the refractory type metals may merit further development as calorobic plastic materials. The hafnium resin has been compression molded into a rocket-nozzle insert shape with satisfactory rocket-firing results.

The author is of the opinion that not only co-acervates, microspheres and the like, but also multimolecular complexes which arise under certain circumstances in salt solutions, tissue culture media and in biological fluids are to be considered as prebiological structures. A high calcium content is characteristic of these structures. Therefore they are tentatively called “calcareous structures”. In salt solutions and culture media they arise by alkalinization of concentrated solutions and are of inorganic nature. Structures in sera and other biological fluids are formed only after long-term incubation at 37 °C in a sterile isotonic milieu; besides salts they contain organic substances such as lipids, polysaccharides and proteins. On sterile serum agar plates these structures may be induced by nuclei of dead cells, nucleic acids and some enzymes. Because of certain similarities, these structures were regarded as live organisms by some authors even quite recently. On the basis of present-day knowledge such conclusions are incorrect. On the other hand, it is wrong to overlook these similarities to live objects. From the standpoint of evolution of matter, the author places these calcareous structures on the borderline between living and non-living Nature and designates them as structures with a subvital character. These multi-molecular complexes with a high calcium content are of significance also for the solving of practical biological problems concerning the deposition of calcium.