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The erythrocyte acid phosphatase activity in 54 patients suffering from chronic renal failure was found to be significantly increased regardless of the enzyme phenotype. There was a correlation between the increase of erythrocyte acid phosphatase and serum phosphorus, whereas there was no correlation between acid phosphatase and blood urea or haematocrit. After haemodialysis both the serum phosphorus and acid phosphatase activity were reduced. The hypothesis that erythrocyte acid phosphatase constitutes another site of activation of glycolysis in the red blood cells by serum phosphorus, in addition to phosphofructokinase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate deydrogenase, is postulated. © 1973.