Search

This project has been awarded the VII Luxán Prize 1973 by unanimous vote of the Jury for its originality and orderly display of the theory. After a thorough study of the problems to be considered a linear formula is being suggested that defines the strength of light concrete, in terms of its paste, its aggregate and the volumetric fraction. This contribution is an attempt to substitute the usual exponential models.Este trabajo ha sido galardonado con el VII premio Luxán 1973, concedido por opinión unánime del Jurado, en base a la originalidad y ordenada exposición de la teoría sustentada. En él, tras un amplio examen de los fenómenos a considerar, se propone la utilización de una fórmula lineal que defina la resistencia de un hormigón ligero, en función de la de su pasta, de la de su árido y de la fracción volumétrica en que éste interviene. Con esta aportación se pretenden sustituir los habituales modelos exponenciales.

For each item to be sorted by address calculation, a location in the file is determined by a linear formula. It is placed there if the location is empty. If there is an item at the specified location, a search is made to find the closest empty space to this spot. The item at the specified location, together with adjacent items, is moved by a process similar to musical chairs, so that the item to be filed can be entered in its proper order in the file. A generalized flowchart for computer address calculation sorting is presented here. A mathematical analysis using average expectation follows. Formulas are derived to determine the number of computer operations required. Further formulas are derived which determine the time required for an address calculation sort in terms of specific computer orders. Several examples are given. A sorting problem solved elsewhere in the literature by an empirical method is solved by the formulas developed here to demonstrate their practical application.

Summary Readings have been made of records of three European earthquakes, with the object of testing the behaviour of S between 10° and 20°. In the earthquake of 1950 September 5, a linear formula fitted up to about 9°, but there appeared to be a jump of about 4 s at that distance. There were too few observations in the range in question on 1951 May 15 to give useful information. The Dalmatian earthquake of 1962 January 7, however, had 16 S readings between 10° and 20°. They showed no sign of a jump and were substantially earlier than the J. B. Table of 1940. It appears that a linear function of distance may fit the times of S in Europe up to 20°.

The experimental values of q constants for l -type doubling of the Π states of C 12 O 2 and C 13 O 2 were obtained. The theoretical values calculated with the influence of Fermi resonance according to the theory and a slight change with the quantum number v 3 are in good agreement. The experimental values cannot be obtained from a linear formula.

A method, described by Beverton (1954) and Beverton and Holt (1956 and 1957), giving estimates of the natural mortality rate, M, and the catchability coefficient, q, from catch at age and effort data, is examined. This method requires 4 to 5 iterations to arrive at the estimates. We have derived approximate solutions for q and M in a closed form. This makes the laborious iterations unnecessary, and gives virtually the same values as arrived at by iterations.The effectiveness of the iterative Beverton and Holt method is evaluated by calculating q and M in 30 hypothetical examples. A new and simple (linear formula) method for estimating q and M is derived. Application of the new method to these 30 examples resulted in a 48% reduction in the standard deviation of q and a 45% reduction in that of M. The new method is in part the same as one suggested by Gulland, Beverton, and Holt (Beverton et al., MS, 1958; Holt, MS, 1959) to arrive at initial values in their short-cut (iterative) method of estimating the mortality rates. Thus we show that these initial values are actually better estimates than the final values arrived at by the iteration.Neither the Beverton and Holt method nor the linear formula give necessarily unbiased estimates; the bias depends on the types of variability in the data.To arrive at non-biased, least squares estimates would require ancillary information not usually available on the distributions of the three variates: catch at age, effort, and catchability coefficient.

The need for normal figures on the growth of different parts of the body presented itself to me as a result of my studies on the growth and metabolism in pathologic cases during the last two years. 1 Since these data were not available, figures were compiled from a series of body surface measurements, taken, according to the Du Bois linear formula, on a group of clinically normal American children on whom studies had previously been made to determine the normal standards of basal metabolism. 2 These were average children within the accepted normal limits of height and weight for age, and do not represent exceptionally well nourished or poorly developed children. A description of these children has been given in an earlier publication. 2 The measurements were plotted on charts, and smoothed curves drawn to indicate the trend of growth of the different parts of the body. These curves

Using the method previously described before this society,1 it has been possible, with the aid of Miss Sawyer and Mr. Stone, to measure the surface area of a total of 10 individuals. The “Linear Formula” previously described, when applied to these, gives an average error of 1.5 per cent. The chief limitation of the “Linear Formula” is that it involves the taking of 19 measurements. In the literature of the respiratory metabolism already published the only data given in regard to most of the subjects are the height and weight.On the basis of the actual measurement of the surface of 10 subjects of widely varying shape, formulas have been constructed on the plan of A = W1/a X H1/b X C, in which A is the surface area in square cm., W is the weight in kilograms and H the height in cm. and C a constant. Various formulas were tried, care being taken that 3/a + 1/b should always equal 2 in order that the formula might remain bi-dimensional. The formula A = W1/3 X H1/1 X C gave an average error of $$ 3.3 per cent....

Since the publication of Paper 5 of this series the so-called "Linear Formula" has been used in the study of a large number of individuals. Practically all of the subjects of respiration experiments in the Sage calorimeter have been measured in this way, and in addition Means1of Boston has used it as a factor in determining his normal base line of metabolism and the extent of the pathological variations. Means has found that the range of normal variation from the average is smaller and that the apparent depression of metabolism in obesity is much less marked when the linear formula, instead of Meeh's formula, is used to determine surface area. The accuracy of the linear formula has been shown in Paper 9 of this series. In order to correct the slight error in the factor for the arms, and also in order to clear up a few points

Twenty years ago body weight was used as the point of reference from which parenteral fluid requirements were calculated. As interest in fluids and electrolytes increased it became apparent, however, that weight alone could not serve as the point of reference for these calculations since the same amount of fluid per pound could not be given to an older child as was given to an infant. Formulas were therefore constructed utilizing surface area as the standard of reference upon which maintenance fluid requirements could be based. 1 Recently the rationale of the entire "surface area concept" has been questioned by Wilson and his associates. 2 These authors have pointed out the inadequacy of the data upon which the surface area "nomograms" are based, and they have raised other technical objections. (Twelve patients studied in 1915 served as the basis for the DuBois Linear Formula from which the surface area nomograms

This series of untreated mongolian idiots, between the ages of 4 months and 10 years, has been studied from the point of view of growth of different parts of the body. The findings have been plotted to the growth curve of normal children, constructed from a series of body surface measurements taken according to the DuBois linear formula. In Chart 1 the standing heights of these cases are shown according to age. These findings show a close proximity up to the first year of life, after which there is a tendency for the mongolian idiot to be shorter than the normal. While this may be said to be due in some cases to the occurrence of rickets, which is frequently seen in this condition, it is by no means the sole explanation, and the retardation of growth is not so pronounced as it is in cretinism. On the basis of