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An in vitro method that permits the primary antibody response of chicken spleen cells to sheep erythrocytes to occur is described, and the characteristics of the antibody response are given. Significant but variable plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses were obtained—that is, some animals showed no or a very weak response. In these the addition of small numbers of allogeneic spleen cells much improved the PFC responses. The characteristics of this allogeneic stimulation are described. The presented culture method should facilitate studies of cell interactions in the primary antibody response of the chicken and in the development of the antibody-forming cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]