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A pyridoxal phosphate-requiring transaminase which catalyzes a reversible reaction between thymidine diphosphate 4-keto-6-deoxy-d-glucose and l-glutamate to form thymidine diphosphate 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-galactose and α-ketoglutarate was purified 150-fold from an extract of Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis type VO. Some properties of the enzyme are reported.

Cytidine diphosphate d-glucose oxidoreductase has been purified 200-fold from an extract of Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis Type V. Some properties of the enzyme, including its requirement for diphosphopyridine nucleotide, have been described. The product of the reaction has been isolated and identified as CDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-d-glucose.

Summary: Sera from 72 Papua New Guinean patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were tested for alpha1 fetoprotein, hepatitis B antigen and antibody by sensitive techniques including radio-immunoassay. Alpha1 fetoprotein was detected in 98% of samples and Hepatitis B antigen in 82%. Hepatitis B antibody was present in only 2.8% of samples. The implications of these findings are considered.

Agar producing a firm gel with specific rheological properties as well as a good commercial value was processed from Gracilaria foliifera (Forsskal) Borgesen, a red alga harvested along the Florida west coast. The alkali pretreatment of the seaweed based on the Funaki-Kojima’s method was applied before the process of agar extraction. The chemical and physical properties of the processed agar were compared with other typical agar experimentally processed.

Glycerol diphosphate disaccharide-pentapeptide has been isolated as a degradation product of a phospholipid intermediate in cell wall glycopeptide synthesis. Thus, the disaccharide-pentapeptide is linked to a glycerol residue in the phospholipid through a pyrophosphate bridge.

Decrease of inorganic ortho phosphate in aerobic condition by the whole homogenate of Phaseolus Mungo was reported previously(1). The products of the oxidative phosphorylation in the same system were investigated using P32 as a tracer. Fractionation of the reaction products were carried out as in Fig. 1, and the amounts of inorganic phosphate, tolal phosphate 7 min. phosphate and the relative radio activities of each fraction were listed in Table 1, and P32/P ratioes were shown in Table 2. Figs. 2_??_5 are paper chromatograms and their auto radiograms of these fractions. These results indicatethat phosphate radicals esterifed by this system are transferred mainly in the Ba-soluble and the Ba-insoluble phosphate compoumds. From these results the authors conclude that the oxidative phosphorylation is really accomplished by this system.

In the papers I and II of this series(1)(2) it was presented that in suitable conditions higher plant (Phaseolus Mungo seedling) homogenates esterify inorganic phosphoate coincident with the aerobic oxidation. It has been made clear by following experiments that the phenomenon of oxidative phos-phorylation takes place within subcellular particles (probably mitochondria). The homog-enate of Phaseolus Mango seedlings is centrifuged (1, 000g. for 15 minutes) and the supern-atant is then recentrifuged (10, 000 g for 15 minutes) and the activities of oxidative phospho-rylation in the supernatant and in the precipitant (R1M) are tested (Table 1). Washed particles (R2M) also hold the activity (Table 2). As shown in Table 3 succinate, malate and α-ketoglutarate are effective as substrates. Taking α-kotglutarate as the substrate, ratio of phosphate esterified to oxygen consumed in the R2M system was found to be one, as seen in Table 4.

Temperature sensitive mutants of E. coli JE1011 (derived from E. coli K-12), not forming cell walls at 42° were isolated and the genes of four of those mutants were mapped. Two cell wall-ts genes were located between ara and lac and the other two close to argH on the chromosomes.

We devised an appratus, by which we observed the behaviour of structural shearing deformation of fabrics dynamically. This behaviour relates to the three factors-elasticity, viscosity and friction-, and shows non-linearity which depends upon the amplitudes i. e. deformation, and it can be divided into three zones according to the degrees of deformation.When very small, deformation depends upon only yarn bending without relative sliding between warp and weft yarns at their crossing points. Therefore the apparent elastic modulus of shearing deformation is very high.When the deformation increases and surpasses such a critical value as the Bingham point, both yarns begin to slide relatively, and its behaviour apparently shows linearity. As this deformation further increases the behaviour deviates from the linear relation again, and cubic buckling appears.The behaviours of a glass cloth and a saran screen can be modelized as truss and rahmen respectively. Apparent elastic modulus of elasticity and frictional force of cotton plain fabrics increases in proportion with cover factors and tensions applied to the sample fabrics.

Polyphosphates such as sodium or potassium pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate, hexa-metaphosphate and metaphosphate were effective in increasing agar extractability when they were added in the cooking process of Gelidium pacificum OKAMURA and alkali-treated Gracilaria verrucosa (HUDSON) PAPENFUSS, at 1×10-3M concentration levels. There was a tendency for the effect of polyphosphate on agar extraction to become greater with increasing degree of condensation of phosphate. The results were especially remarkable with alkali-treated Gracilaria. Monobasic salts of orthophosphate had some effect on extractability of agar from Gracilaria, but tribasic orthophosphates were ineffective with both Gelidium and Gracilaria.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP)-sensitive incorporation of 32 P-labeled orthophosphate ( 32 P i ) into nucleotides and nucleic acids by disrupted spheroplasts of Escherichia coli was inhibited by addition of colicin K. Incorporation by intact cells was also inhibited by a similar concentration of colicin K. Various colicin K-resistant mutants were isolated, and their ability to incorporate 32 P i was tested. When T6 r - colK r mutants (T6 phage-resistant) and tol I mutants (T6-sensitive, colicin E-sensitive) were converted to disrupted spheroplasts, their 32 P i -incorporation became sensitive to colicin K. On the contrary, incorporation by disrupted spheroplasts from tol II mutants (T6-sensitive, colicin E-resistant) was fairly resistant to colicin K like that of intact cells. A modification of the cell surface of T6 r - colK r mutants, caused by mutation to novobiocin-permeable, T4 phage-resistant cells, restored the sensitivity of the cells to colicin K. The modified T6 r - colK r cells did not adsorb T6 phage or colicin K, indicating that the receptors for T6 phage or colicin K are not reactivated by this modification. Similar treatment of tol I mutants did not have this effect. These observations strongly suggest that colicin K can act on its target on the cell membrane if it can penetrate the cell surface to reach this target. The receptor for colicin K on the cell surface, which may be part of the T6 phage-receptor, may have some unknown function in relation to the action of colicin K in normal cells, but tends to become dispensable if the cells become permeable to colicin K.

(1969). Inhibition of the Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis in vitro by Enduracidin, a New Polypeptide Antibiotic. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 134-137.

To obtain informations on the interaction between the added polyphosphates and agar, the ash composition of agar which was reproduced from the agar gel containing polyphosphate through the repetition of usual manufacturing process was analyzed. The contents of total and HCl-soluble ash, and soluble P2O5 were closely correlated with the amount of added H-polyphosphate*1, respectively. The highest value of ash increase was equal to 11% of the added polyphosphate for h-agar*2, and 17% for m-agar*3. The additives less than 200ppm did not always increase ash contents of the products. Soluble Fe3+ was reversely proportional to P2O5 in the product. Magnesium showed similar tendencies to ionic iron. Total ash and soluble SO3 decreased with the prolongation of cooking the agar solution.*1 H polyphosphate: Commercial sodium polyphosphate consisted of 85% of metaphosphate and 15% of pyrophosphate.*2 h-agar: Powdered agar of h brand which was processed from the alkali treated seaweeds, Gracilaria species.*3 m-agar: Mixed agar in powder which was experimentally processed from several kind of seaweeds, Gelidium and Gracilaria species.

Amber mutants of bacteriophage Qβ were isolated and classified into three groups by complementation tests. Physiological studies showed that the three cistrons of Qβ could be related to the three known genes of the f2 group of RNA phages. Gene I mutants do not produce either phage RNA polymerase or phage specific RNA in Su − hosts. Gene II mutants in Su − hosts produce defective phage particles which are lighter in density than viable phage particles. Gene III mutants do not grow on either Su-2 or Su-3 suppressor strains; they hyperproduce double-stranded RNA and viral RNA polymerase on these hosts. On Su − hosts they appeared to have a polar effect on the synthesis of phage RNA polymerase. None of the Qβ mutants lysed nonpermissive hosts.

The selected commercial polyphosphates which are approved as the food additives were used in the cooking process of four kinds of seaweeds of Gelidium species in order to find out ohe appropriate conditions for extraction of agar.When the polyphosphates were used alone without sulfuric acid, the extraction of agar from Gelidium subcostatum was effectively promoted, but they were not so effective to Gelidium pacificum and Gelicium amansii as sulfuric acid. On the other hand, when the polyphosphates were used together whth sulfuric acid, the extractability of agar from Ge. amansii as well as from Ge. subcostatum was practically much improved.With respect to gel strength (jelly strength in old term) of the extracted agar, polyphosphate containing 67-68% of P2O5 was better than the one containing 75% of P2O5.(Note: The term 'jelly strength of agar' used elsewhere by the first author shall be amended as 'gel strength of agar', hereafter.)

The mechanism of addition of glycine during synthesis of the peptidoglycan of cell walls of Staphylococcus aureus has been investigated. Glycine was activated as glycyl soluble ribonucleic acid (sRNA) for this reaction. The initial acceptor for glycine was disaccharide(-pentapeptide)-P-P-phospholipid, an intermediate in peptidoglycan synthesis. Acetylmuramyl(-pentapeptide)-P-P-phospholipid also acted as a glycine acceptor, but less effectively. The glycyl-sRNA of S. aureus has been fractionated into two glycyl-sRNAs, only one of which was active in peptidoglycan synthesis. The product of this sequence, disaccharide(-pentapeptide-pentaglycine)-P-P-phospholipid, then transferred disaccharide-decapeptide to an endogenous cell wall acceptor. Analyses of the lipid intermediate and of the peptidoglycan product indicated that a chain of about 5 glycine residues was substituted on the e-amino group of lysine both in the lipid intermediate and in the peptidoglycan. These pentaglycine chains had free amino ends, and the closure of the pentaglycine bridges was therefore not catalyzed by the enzyme preparations employed. The inhibition of this system by various solvents, detergents, and antibiotics is reported. Two antibiotics, ristocetin and vancomycin, were specific inhibitors of the reaction sequence. Of the three reactions involved in the sequence (attachment of disaccharide-pentapeptide to the lipid, transfer of glycine to the lipid intermediates, and utilization of the lipid intermediates for peptidoglycan synthesis), the first was the least sensitive and the last was the most sensitive to these agents.

目的 前報にひき続き, フライヤ頭部での巻きかた (右巻き, 左巻き) が粗糸の巻き取りに与える影響, 粗糸の仮より数とスピンドル位置の相互関係とその与える影響, およびトラバースモーションによる層内変動について検討しようとした. 成果 1) フライヤ頭部での粗糸の接触する長さが短いと, 前報のプレッサーの巻き数の少ない場合と同様な傾向を得た.これから, 粗糸に対するフライヤ内の摩擦抵抗が巻き取りに与える影響を明らかにした. 2) スピンドル位置の相違は大略仮より数の相違と見なしてよいことを明らかにし, その影響を明らかにした. 3) 層内変動の様相を明らかにし, スイングモーションによる不正回転およびしの巻き径の変化を厳密に測定し, 粗糸重量がこれらの積に比例する巻き取りドラフトの変化と, その傾向があうことを明らかにした.

The parts of knees of trousers or elbows of upper garments are largely deformed by means of the bending of knees or elbows. We deal with this deformation mechanism theoretically.If the cylindrical knitted clothes is used as hosiery with redius r on the cylinder (as legs) having radius R, and stretch one point on the clothes with tension T0, the tension derived decreases gradually along the length (x) owing to the friction between the clothes and cylinder. This relationship may bew expressed as:This shows that the tension (strain) decreases along its length (x) exponentialy, and gives a schematic distribution of tension as slown in Fig. 1. Photo 1 and Fig. 2 are results of model experiments.Tension T0 in the above equation is assumptive, but this is obtainable when the deformation of knee or elbow of clothes is taken as fabric bursting, then;Tension distribution expressed in this formula is shown in Fig. 4. Dimensionless number S depends upon the size of legs or arms of our body. This being given we can analyse these kind of deformation theoretically.

The enzymatic system for the formation of cytidine diphosphate 3,6-dideoxyhexose from CDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-d-glucose has been separated into three protein fractions. Two of these fractions, E1 and E3, participate in a TPNH-requiring reaction in which a new cytidine nucleotide intermediate is formed. Since this intermediate can be reduced chemically to yield 3,6-dideoxy-d-galactose (abequose) and 3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose (paratose), it is suggested that the intermediate is CDP-4-keto-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose. This intermediate is common to the various serotypes of Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis and is reduced in the presence of TPNH and E2 to form a CDP-3,6-dideoxyhexose. E2 from P. pseudotuberculosis Type II leads to the formation of CDP-abequose, that from Type III leads to formation of CDP-paratose, and that from Type V leads to formation of CDP-ascarylose (3,6-dideoxy-l-mannose). The possible relation of this reaction mechanism to the mechanism of synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides is discussed.

(1) 植物組織中には動物肝臓homogenateによるoxidative phosphorylationを阻害する物質が,かなり広範囲に含まれていることを見出した. (2) この阻害物質はCa″であることを明らかにした. (3) Ca″の阻害効果を除くのには, F-を予め添加するのが最も有効であることを知つた. 本研究に当り終始御懇篤なる御指導御鞭撻を賜つた佐橋佳一教授に篤く感謝の意を捧げる.尚分光分析を行つて頂いた東大理学部化学科 斎藤信房助教授に篤く感謝する.本研究の研究費の一部は文部省科学研究費によつたものである.