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We describe an approach for formulating criteria that can be used to judge whether an analytical method has acceptable precision and accuracy. We derive criteria for several experiments that are commonly used in method-evaluation studies: precision or replicates, recovery, interference, and comparison of patient values between the new method and a proven method. These criteria are based on the medical usefulness of the test results, thus the acceptability of the method is judged with respect to the clinical requirements.

Various techniques and methods evolved for studying absorption and translocation of herbicides using corbon14-labeled compounds are presented. Advantages of the counting method and of the autoradiographic method are compared, and aspects of plant physiology related to absorption and translocation are discussed. The importance of the autoradiographic method for routine study is emphasized, and complete details of this method are described: choice of plants; greenhouse culture of plants; the specific activity of the tracer; the stock solutions; the treatment solutions; application of the solutions; the number of plants needed for an. experiment; treatment time; freeze-killing and freeze-drying; oven drying; open-air drying; autoradiographing; filing of the autoradiographs; and copying of the autoradiographs. Research and method development reported in this paper was made possible by A. E. C. Contract AT(11-1)-34 Project No. 9.

Procedures are described for the analysis of crops for residues of tetrachlorvinphos (Gardona, trans-isomer of dimethyl 1-(2′,4′,5′-trichlorophenyl)-2-chloroyinyl phosphate) insecticide together with methods for the analysis for residues of its isomer and its conjugated and non-conjugated breakdown products. Suitable procedures for the extraction are described together with procedures for the cleanup of the extracts by partition or column chromatography and final analysis down to 0·01 ppm or less by gas-liquid chromatography with electron capture detection.

A novel, safe and sensitive method of Spectrophotometric estimation in UV - region has been developed for the assay of Fimasartan in its tablet formulation. The present study was undertaken to develop and validate a simple, accurate, precise, reproducible and cost effective UV spectrophotometric method for the estimation of Fimasartan bulk and pharmaceutical formulation. The method have been developed and validated for the assay of Fimasartan using Methanol as diluent. Absorption maximum (λmax) of the drug was found to be 240nm. The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out at 240nm. The method was shown linear in the mentioned concentrations having correlation coefficient R2 of 0.999. The recovery values for Fimasartan ranged from 98.74% to 99.23%.The Percent Relative Standard Deviation of interday and intraday was 0.85% and 0.75% respectively. All the parameters of the analysis were chosen according to the International Conference on Harmonisation guideline and validated statistically using Relative Standard Deviation and Percent Relative Standard Deviation. Hence, proposed method was precise, accurate and cost effective. This method could be applicable for quantitative determination of the bulk drug as well as dosage formulation. KEY WORDS

The first step of the presented method development has been, in Section 2 of Part I, the "ddcoupling" of slot segments in slot-constant calculations, using segmental " Weighing Factors". The direct practical application of the Decoupling Method is restricted to rectangular-top two-segmented slots, having rectangular or tapered bottoit segments. Iteration of this method, indirectly, allows the handling of further rectangular, "upper" and "peak" segments too.

A new, simple, specific, sensitive, rapid and economical procedure has been developed for determination of Nitroglycerin in its dosage form. The objective of this validation of an analytical procedure is to demonstrate that the drug Nitroglycerin is suitable for its intended purpose. The analytical method development recommends the quality, purity and specificity of the drug Nitroglycerin tablet form during the manufacturing process and hence the standard of the drug may not vary, which produce the desirable therapeutic effect. The method is based on the ultraviolet absorbance maxima of the above drug at 210nm. The drug obeyed Beer's law in the concentration range of 15μg/ml in methanol. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of drug in commercial tablet preparations. The results of the analysis have been validated statistically and by recovery studies. Key Words: Nitroglycerin; ultraviolet spectroscopy; analysis; dosage form; validation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i1.9217 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2011, 1(1): 1-5

A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of Modafinil in bulk and dosage form. The separation was effective on a Hypersil ODS C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm; 5μ) using a mobile phase mixture of Buffer:Acetonitrile in a ratio of 55:45 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min. The detection was made at 220nm. The retention time of modafinil was found to be 4.80±0.06 min. Calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 20-120μg/ml of modafinil. The proposed method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. The method was accurate, precise, specific and rapid and thus found to be suitable for the quantitative analysis of modafi-nil in the bulk and dosage form.Key Words: Method development; validation; Modafinil; Tablets; Hypersil C18 Column; RP-HPLC.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i4.10062International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(4): 77-80

The need to provide wood in ever increasing amounts requires that all cut-over and burned-over areas be retained in the production of wood. It also requires the rehabilitation of all other potentially productive areas which are not now growing a useful crop of trees. This can be accomplished by one or more of the regeneration methods now in use and by a programme of forest stand improvement. A continuing programme of equipment and method development should substantially assist in the attainment of the objective.Site preparation in Ontario can perhaps be said to have received it's first real impetus when some enterprising staff members rigged a granite boulder to a bulldozer to provide a crude drag type scarifying unit. This led to the construction of a number of "Rube Goldberg" devices, some of which are readily recognizable in the scarifying units currently in use.The past decade has seen the expansion of Ontario's site preparation programme from 6700 acres in 1957 to 75,000 acres in 1968. Forecast need is for 178,000 acres by 1973.Mechanical scarification currently accounts for 82% of the total treated area, with chemical and prescribed burning treatments making up the remainder.The bulk of the treated area has been for planting of nursery stock or tube seedlings. This may change appreciably because of an increasing aerial and ground seeding programme.Equipment development continues to receive top priority in order to increase efficiency and reduce costs.No "sophisticated" scarifying equipment has yet been introduced to the Ontario scene. Equipment developed by staff members continues to be the mainstay of the programme. Ontario policy is to continue its equipment development programme and to field test any other equipment which could make the site preparation programme more effective and efficient.

Method development problems encountered in automated analysis generally stem from the limitations of the automated system. The problems encountered with each type of equipment are peculiar to that particular equipment. Only the methodology problems encountered with the AutoAnalyzer* will be discussed here. AutoAnalyzer is a modular system with versatility of handling a variety of operations such as homogenization or solubilization, dilution, dialysis or filtration, and liquid/liquid or liquid/solid extractions. Analytical determinations are made by colorimetry, spectrophotometry, etc., with the help of appropriate equipment. The following modules are generally used: SOLIDprep Liquid Sampler or Sampler II Proportioning Pumps Continuous Filter Dialyzer Mixing Coils Automatic Digestor Spectrophotometer, Colorimeter, etc.

1. The article of K. K. Papok is very timely in raising the question of the need for increased attention to test method development in the area of evaluating the service properties of fuels and lubricants. 2. In order to coordinate all test method development in this field, it is necessary to set up a special Council in the Commission on Fuel and Lubricant Tests of the Committee of Standards, or in some other coordinating agency. 3. At present, there is no basis for abandoning the stage of service tests or the stage of long-term test-stand evaluations, much less for admitting products to standardization without going through these stages.